| Terms |
Definitions |
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China
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Hearth of rice
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Mesoamerica
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Hearth of corn
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Peru
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Hearth of the potato
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fallow
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where nothing is planted
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combine
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Today-____________-cuts and threshes wheat
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salinization
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build-up of salt in soil
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agriculture
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deliberate modification of Earth's surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to produce food (and profit)
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Grain
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Seed of a cereal grass
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Transhumance
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The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures
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Subsistence agriculture
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Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family.
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horticulture
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growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers
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Slash-and-Burn agriculture
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another name for shifting cultivation
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South America
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Hearth of the guinea pig
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peasants, livestock
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enclosure system forces ___________ off the land and increase _____________
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dog
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the first animal to be domesticated
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Truck Farming
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Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because "truck" was a Middle English word meaning "bartering" or the exchange of commodities
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Hull
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The outer covering of a seed
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Pasture
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Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing.
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Vegetative planting
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Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants.
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intertillage
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growing several crops in a small area
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plow; steam engine; tractor
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2nd Agricultural Revolution successfully marketed iron _____; ________ ________ led to the invention of ___________
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Cereal Grain
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A grass yielding grain for food
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Swidden
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A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.
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Spring wheat
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Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer.
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Chaff
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Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing.
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Paddy
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Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah.
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von Thünen
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Who wrote "The Isolated State" in 1826?
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population
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more food was grown in the 2nd Agricultural Revolution to meet demands of the growing ___________
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mechanization, chemical, refrigeration, genetically, agribusiness, manufacturing
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Six ways the 3rd Agricultural Revolution is different than the 2nd: EXTREME _____________, __________ farming, _____________ of meats, milk, and veggies, ___________ modified foods, _____________, globalization of food _____________
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milkshed
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a region producing milk for a specific community
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permanent settlement, animal
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In transhumance humans have a ______________ ______________ and the _________ moves (may be daily, weekly, or seasonal)
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oil
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What is often used to make synthetic fertilizers?
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cultivation=care, domestication=change evolutionary path
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The difference between cultivation and domestication?
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Thresh
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To beat out grain from stalks by trampling it
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Reaper
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A machine that cuts grain standing in the field
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Winnow
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To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind.
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commercial farming
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type of farming where farmers grow for sale/profit
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quinary sector
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the sub section of the tertiary sector that deals with higher education/research
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food, urbanization, transportation, subsistence, commercial
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Effects of the 2nd Agricultural Revolution: more ______ grown; encourages _______________; improvements in _______________; ______________ farming->_____________ farming
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2nd Agricultural Revolution
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Which came first: the 2nd Agricultural Revolution or the Industrial Revolution?
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Intensive Subsistence Farming
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high input of capital, fertilizers and labor-every square inch of land is used; people maximize labor and expense to increase output on available farm land
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Double Cropping
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Harvesting twice a year from the same field
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Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
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A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land
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end world hunger
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What was the goal of the green revolution?
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densely populated countries, mostly in Asia
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Where is intensive subsistence agriculture practiced in the world?
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population, yield, rice, wheat, corn, potato
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Positive consequences of the Green Revolution: positive way to deal with increasing _______________ presures; higher _______ crops-especially the big four: ______, ______, ______, ________
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