| Terms |
Definitions |
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terriorism
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fjdksalfd
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perverse
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contrary, persisting error
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Functionaries
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Fill the bureaucratic organization
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The theme of this book is that society is
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A human construction (c)
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nuture
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environment effects person's behavior and development
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Gender Identity
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How you see yourself
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exogamy
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marriage outside one's social ggroup
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perspective
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a particular point of view
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norms
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expectations that guide our behavior
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artifacts
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anything made or modified by humans
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manifest functions
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the recognized and intended consequences of social patterns
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sociologist whose work discusses stigma and ways people can neutralize its effects on their identities
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Erving Goffman
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Factual questions (definition)
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Empirical questions. "What happened?"
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anthropology
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social science that studies past culturres and present simple cultures
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can strongly influence beliefs and behaviors
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Peers
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the self
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unique combonation of characteristics and experiences that that form the individual
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Concept: situation on macro level where something has happened that causes the norms to break down
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Anomie
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Monica Boyd
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GENDER INEQUALITY, changing family forms, international migration, & ETHNIC STRATIFICATION
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Monica Boyd
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the Boyd family
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aggregate
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people just randomly clumped together (waiting in line at the trains station)
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culture
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the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior
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prestige
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reputation or influence arising from success, achievement, rank, or other favorable attributes.
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correlation
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a measure of the relationship between two variables
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Counterculture
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A group whose values, beliefs, norms, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture
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Agents of socialization
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Specific individuals, groups and institutions that provide the situations in which socialization can occur
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role
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behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status
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esteem
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the reputation that a specific person has earned within an occupationex: a hairdresser has the esteem of her clients
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ETHNIC GROUP
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COMPOSED OF PEOPLE WHOSE PERCEIVED CULTURAL MARKERS ARE DEEMED SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT ETHNIC GROUPS DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER IN TERMS OF LANGUAGE RELIGION CUSTOMS VALUES...
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Emile Durkheim
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theorist who believed that societies were held together by common values/ beliefs; looked at contribution of parts of a society and its impact on the whole; He did the 1st studies on suicide and was the 1st to apply the scientific method to human
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Emile Durkheim
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France: 1st professor of sociology; human behavior E "social facts"/social context - define constraints & oppotunities; Europe: Suicide
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generalized other
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Mead's term for widespread cultural norms and values we use as a reference in evaluating ourselves
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society transmitting culture through speech
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oral cultural tradition
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folkway
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informal norm that is mildly punished when violated
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intragenerational mobility
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social mobility experienced within an indivdual's lifetime
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Variable
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Factors though to be significant for behavior, which vary from one case to another (p. 20)
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____________ violence appears to be perpetrated by women as well as men, producing the gender-balanced rates found in some studies.
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Common couple
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Natural Science
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Studies the physical features of nature and how they interact with one another. (bio, chem, physics)
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Max Weber
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"verstehen"- a form of social understanding, "ideal type"- model for understanding organizations, a founder of organizational soc and beauacracy
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class consciousness
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An understanding of your shared oppression, shared oppression of a certain class of people, awareness of who owns what and who doesn’t- who has common interests
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degradation ceremony
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stripping of individualism and helps you conform to total institution. - may be humiliating
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disaster
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Sudden or disruptive even that over taxes a community’s resources so that outside aid is necessary (hurricane Katrina)
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inferiority
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lower in station, rank, degree, or grade (often fol. by to):
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social class
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large numbers of people who have similar amounts of income and education and who work at jobs that are roughly comparable in prestige make up.
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Define sociology
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study of human society and social interaction
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Ethnocentrism
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Tendency to view ones own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups
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participant observation
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a research method in which researchers collet data while being part of the activities of the group over a period of years.
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estate system
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required peasents to work land leased to them by nobels in exchange for military protection and other services.
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CAPITALISM
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Which type of economic system is used in Sweden?
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Women who work full time average only ________% of what men are paid.a.50b.65c.85d.95
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B.
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Master Status
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A status that has special importance for social identity, often shaping a person’s entire life.
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Poverty Line
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equals three times the cost of food
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What are two important characteristics that minorities have?
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distinctive identity
subordination
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ethnic groups
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recognized by themselves or others as a distinct group on the basis of social or cultural characteristics often on the basis of language ancestry religion or country or region of origin
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when you take an action to harm another group
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stereotype
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Replication
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research conducted that is the same of other researchers
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Social Science
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studies the features of human society and behavior interaction, change, etc (soc, poli sci, psych)
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functionalists on racial hostility
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Racist beliefs provide justification for inequality, inequalities discourage minorities from questioning their status, racial myths discourage change
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impression management
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altering of presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy audiences
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minority group
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a subordinate group whose members have less power in society
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identification
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acceptance as one's own of the values and interests of a social group
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multiple causation
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the belief that events occur as a result of several factors working in combination
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Do cultural universals exist?
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Cultural universals are values, norms, or other cultural traits that are found in all cultures. Although all human groups have customs concerning cooking, childbirth, fu-nerals, and so on, because these customs differ from one culture to another, there are no cultural universals.
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Measures of central tendency→
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Measures of central tendency→ the ways of calculating averages
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Symbolic interactionism
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people act toward things based on the meaning those things have for them; and these meanings are derived from social interaction and modified through interpretation
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___ distinguishes young people as a separate group.A) AgeB) Labor forceC) GenderD) Ethnicity
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B) Labor face
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the typical patterns of a group, such as its usual relationships between men and women or students and teachers
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social structure
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primary deviance
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the first acts of deviance for which one recieves the label of deviant.
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sociology of the family
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the subdiscipline of sociology that attempts to describe and explain patterns of family life and variations in family structure
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Interactionist perspective
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How people relate to one another and what that demonstrates in societies as a whole. - family dinners
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DuBois and the Conflict Perspective
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Understanding power and inequality must be supported by understanding of race w/in a society.
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reference group
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the group you use to compare yourself with, 1- enforce standards of behavior, 2-used for comparison
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interactionists on class differences
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How one demonstrates social class through lifestyle , importance of items demonstrating class status, social class leading to life meaning
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feminization of poverty
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Most poor people are women and children (single parents household), 51% of single parent households are poor, childcare not cheap sexual harassment and job discrimination don’t help women get out of poverty
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CC and Class Structure
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CC preserves and reproduces the class structure
-Access
-Solidarity (group belonging) particularly among the upper class
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what are the elements of culture?
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material culture... see, touch, hearnonmaterial culture.. tangible, infere through groups behavior
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What are cohabiting couple families?
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A married couple with no children
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Deductive Model
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begins with a general theory or set of hypotheses and then moves on to the collection of appropriate data to test the theory or hypotheses
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U.S. Social ClassLower Middle Class....
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Minimum college students that have just obtained a bachelors. They are our teachers, cops, nurses, white collar technicians, etc. They are 35% of our population. They are associated with the respect that they receive from their jobs. "Respectability" is their keyword.
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role of language in culture
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the foundation of culture, displays the priorities of culture, certain words tell what is important to a culture
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feminist perspective on deviance
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Law tends to favor men, domestic violence not punished for very long; women favored in custody battles
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merton's theory of deviance
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Goals society sets up for people, looks specifically at individual groups
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Social Construction
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- "X" in a society that is created and is taken for granted/ appears to be inevitable
-"X" need NOT have existed, and is NOT inevitable
-race is socially constructed
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What did the Conflict Perspective involve?
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The unequal distribution of resources and had little to do with rewarding talent or filling positions.
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systems of stratification
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1- slavery- who is free and who is not, a system of human bondage, slavery still exists in the US (trafficking), 2- Caste system- levels of strata w/in a hierarchy, rigidly fixed, inherited, legally and religiously enforced, 3-class- determined by economic standing, some mobility to change groups
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What are cultural relativism and ethnocentrism?
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People are ethnocentric; that is, they use their own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of others. In contrast, those who embrace cultural relativism try to understand other cultures on those cultures’ own terms. Pp. 41– 42.
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What are the 4 types of religious organization?
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1. ecclesia
2. denomination
3. sect
4. new religious movement
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(6) Steps to Verbally Abusive Callers
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Take a deep breath, elevate your voice tone so the caller can hear you, but don't yell back; encourage the caller to tell you about their situation; reflect the feelings the caller is expressing as they talk; if the caller is using graphic language,set guidelines; if the caller threatens your the agency, contact your off-site supervisor immediately
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Death rate (crude death rate)
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The number of deaths per 1,000 in the population in a given year
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Who is more likely to use Sociological Perspecive and Imagination
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People who are living on the margins of society and who have lived through a social crisis.
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