| Terms |
Definitions |
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otalgia
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ear pain
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Precedence Effect
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ITD wins!
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Ohm
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A unit of impedance
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tympanosclerosis
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thickening/hardening of tympanic membrane
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mumps
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-sensory-nuero one sided
-damage to organ of corti
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MLD
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difference between a dichotic listening situation and a monotic listening situation.
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TMJ syndrome
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inflammation of temporomandibular joint causing ear pain
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Atresia
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conductive hearing loss
no opening to canal malformation of pinna/aurical
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Octave
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The difference between two tones seperated by a frequency ratio of 2:1
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BC, Forehead, UNmasked
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Right and Left: l-l
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low freq thresholds mature at age
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10
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timbre
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differentiation between 2 or more sounds that have the same pitch, loudness, and duration (trees)
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Cosine Wave
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A wave representing simple harmonic motion that begins at 90o.
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cochlea
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sensory organ of hearing, coiled, 2 3/4 turns1st turn- Basler2ND TURN- Apical
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Brownian motion
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The constant random colliding movement of molecules in a medium.
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Air Conduction, MASKED
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Right: ^ (triangle)
Left: [] (square)
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Reissner's membrane
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attached to osseous spiral lamina separates the scala vestibuli and scala media
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What is pitch?
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the psychological correlate to frequency and although a person's judgment about the pitch of an acoustic event it related to the stimuli's frequency, it is also influenced by other factors, such as the listener's experience, the intensity of the signal, and whether the soud is perceived as pleasant.
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Schwabach Test
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-compares patient to tester for SNHL
-stem of tuning fork placed on mastoid bone
-the pt asked to raise his hand when the sound is no longer audible, normal Schwabach test
-if sound is still audible by tester, diminished Schwabach test by however many seconds the sound actually lasts
-limitations: unilateral sensorineural HL can still be positive b/c better cochlea hears
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prenatal inner ear disorders
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hereditary HL, hereditodegenerative HL, viruses (cytomegalovirus), chromosomal disorders, Rh factor, anoxia, CP
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Sinusoidal Motion
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Simplest kind of sound wave motion. Also called simple harmonic motion.
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What degree of SNHL represents the limit of what is aidable with a BAHA?
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45 dB
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Ocillation
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The back and forth movement of a vibrating body
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tympanometry procedure
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- pressure raised in ear canal
- compliance measured in successive intervals as pressure is decreased
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Q: Quantization is related to
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A: number of bits
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utricle
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large of two sac like struc. in vestibule contains macula responsive to linear acceleration.
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Chronic Otitis Media
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condition of long-standing middle ear infection
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MAP high and low tones
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sennheiser and TDH respectively
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cochlear conductive HL
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mobility of cochlear mechanisms is reduced
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Cochlea - Scala Media
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middle chamber; contains endolymph (low in sodium, high in potassium)
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What is the OSHA permissible noise exposure for 8 hours?
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90 dB SPL
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Resonant frequency
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The frequency at which a mass vibrates with the least amount of external force; the natural frequency of vibration of a mass
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Q: Recruitment is
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A: common in patients with cochlear losses
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Q: The average resonant frequency of the ear canal plus concha is
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A: 2700 Hz
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Function of middle ear
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transmit acoustic energy from the tympanic membrane to oval window via ossicles
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What is velocity?
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the speed at which sound tracels through this medium.
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90 dbA
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weighting scale of A = least of ABC
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presbycusis
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- HL associated with old age, tied to artereosclerosis
- 25% of adults between 45 and 64 have SNHL
- 40% of adults 65+ have SNHL
- types: sensory, neural, strial, cochlear conductive
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Kinetic Energy
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Energy of a mass that results from its motion.
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Complex wave?
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A wave made up of a number of different sinusoids, each with a different frequency.
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Q: this figure represents what type of tympanogram
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A: type B
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Q: In a complex sound, the fundamental frequency is the
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A: loudest frequency
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What is Central Masking?
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-when case is boarderline as to whether masking is necessary
-present masking, threshold goes up by 5db
--even at louder levels, 5db increase remains the same
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At what frequencies do you test children in play audiometry?
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500, 2000, 4000 HZ
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masking
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shift in threshold of 1 tone bc of a masking tone
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Stenger Principle
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when a tone is presented to both ears simultaneously, it is perceived only in the ear in which it is louder (SNHL only)
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Q: The deeper microphone placement offers what advantage
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A: natural high frequency emphasis between 2700 and 4000 Hz
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Q: When a hearing aid sounds weak, hollow, distorted, or intermittent, the first check is
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A: a weak battery
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Q: PTA describes the following audiogram classification fairly accurately
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A: 1) flat loss
2) fragmentary audiogram
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Auditory Evoked Potentials: Cochlea
-time
-how it's measured
-results
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-0 to 2 ms
-surface electrodes deep in ear canal, gives 'clicks'
-identifies meniere's disease
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What is it called when the pure tones are presented through speakers, testing both ears?
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Sound Field Testing
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the AR is a ________reflex.
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bilateral (two side). When a loud sound enters a normal ear, the stapedius muscle will contract on both sides, regardless of which ear is stimulated.
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speech reception threshold (SRT)
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- lowest hearing level at which 50% of a list of 10 spondaic words can be correctly identified
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Q: The sampling rate
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A: 1) Refers to how often the waveform amplitude is measured
2) Has a direct bearing on the frequency bandwidth of the hearing instrument
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What is abnormal adaptation, and what are two tests that measure it?
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-->hear tone when first presented, then tone decays in intensity
-threshold tone decay test
-super threshold adaptation test (STAT)
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Tympanic Membrane Perforation
- what is it?
- cause?
- effects?
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TM perf occurs when excessive fluid in teh middle ear space from OM causes eardrum to rupture
- drum may implode from blow to head or waterskiing, objects inserted too deeply, or from tubes
- loss dependent on size/location
- may be useful for fluid drainage
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Rinne Tuning Fork Test - Positive
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tone heard louder by AIR CONDUCTION than BONE CONDUCTION (normal hearing and SNHL)
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What is the formula for determing the number of decibles?
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dB SPL = 20log(po/pr)
where
po = pressure of the output of sound being measured
pr = pressure of the reference, usually 20 micropascals
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Q: The number of bits impact the
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A: dynamic range of the hearing instrument
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describe the High Level SISI test
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play tone around 85 db HL, play "blips" into it.
Auditory nervous problems cannot detect Blips.
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Types of Hearing Loss - Sensorineural (SNHL)
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loss of sound sensitivity caused by abnormalities of the inner ear or nerve pathways beyond the inner ear to the brain
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Q: A dial on the audiometer to control the decibels of output is called
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A: 1)A hearing level dial
2)An attenuator dial
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What is the period of a sound wave?
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The time required to complete one cycle of vibration of a sound wave.
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Q: When an excess of cerumen or a blockage of cerumen is detected, the hearing aid specialist should
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A: refer the patient to a physician
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When to use Masking for AC
Minimum masking level
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Level Tone NTE - IA > BC (/) NTE
AC (/) NTE + 15
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Q: If the outer and middle ear parts are normal
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A: air thresholds will equal the bone thresholds
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A: What is the meaning of 40 dB threshold re: audiometric zero, at 500 Hz
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A: subject could barely hear a 500 Hz tone at 40 dB about 50% of the time
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