| Terms |
Definitions |
|
thermophiles
|
heat lovers
|
|
methane
|
"swamp gas"
|
|
most bacteria are
|
beneficial
|
|
Arcaebacteria
|
occupy challenging habitats
-cell walls don't have peptidoglycan
-mRNA different, translation (to proteins)
more like eukaryotes
|
|
pathogens
|
a disease causing agent.
|
|
cocci
|
"berries" or spherical shaped
|
|
Thermoacidophiles
|
type of archaebacteria
-oxidize sulfer (adding hydrogen and oxygen)
-can withstand high temp AND very low pH (acidic)
-located in volcanic vents, hot sulfur springs, hydrothermal vents (deep sea)
-only organism that can create organic material from non-organic sulfides without PS
|
|
Sulfur reducers
|
type of Archaebacteria
-high temperature tolerance
-located in volcanic vents
(reduction = add Hydrogen), because hydrogen has electrons...(not really sure why this is included with this type of archabacteria)
|
|
Hydrothermal vents
|
produce chemicals which thermoacidophiles use to power production of organic materials from non-organic materials
|
|
prokaryotes: characteristics
|
no membrane bound organelles
-smaller ribosomes
-cell wall outside cell membrane
-no nucleus: chromosomes free in cytoplasm
-no mitochondria
-no endoplasmic reticulum
-no golgi apparatus
-no chloroplasts
-no lysozomes
|
|
prokaryote systematics (classification) determined by:
|
-DNA/RNA sequence
-cell wall chemistry
-type of photosynthetic pigments
-metabolic pathways
|
|
ruminants
|
chew their cud
-cows eat, bring it back up, chew more
|
|
Louis Pasteur
|
discovered bacteria causes disease in late 1800s
|
|
Heterotrophic Prokaryotes
|
higher in the food chain (consumers)
-take in complex organic molecules for energy (contain Carbon)
|
|
bioremediation
|
the use of organisms to remove pollutants from water air and soil
|
|
transduction
|
this method of bacteria receiving new genetic material involves viruses that infect bacteria that carry gene from one cell and inject them into another
|
|
autotrophic prokaryotes
|
-make their own food
-bottom of the food chain (producers)
1)photoautotrophs (plant like photosynthesizers)
2)chemoautotrophs (use chemical energy rather than light energy)
-don't take in organic molecules
|
|
(eubacteria) transformation
|
living cells picks up DNA fragments from dead cell in medum
|
|
Joseph Lister
|
first to use antiseptic techniques in surgery (Listerine is named after him)
|
|
Robert Koch
|
showed that bacilli caused anthrax in sheep, humans, and cows
-showed that bacilli caused TB in humans
|
|
(eubacteria) bacterial benefits
|
-outnumber harmful ones
a) N fixers (roots of plants)
b) decomposers (break down dead material)
c) fermentations (beer, yogurt, cheese)
d) manufacturing (vinegar, vitamins)
e) antibiotic (streptomycin)
f) genetic engineering (insulin, eat oil spills)
|
|
transformation
|
some bacteria take up pieces of DNA from the environment. this is called
|
|
types of heterotrphic prokaryotes
|
1)photoheterotrophs - use light for energy but take in organic C
2)saprophytes - absorb dead organic matter (like a fungus)
3)parasites - absorb or ingest host tissues (host is alive)
4)commensals - like parasite but don't harm host
5) mutualistic symbionts - see other card
|
|
(eubacteria) conjugation
|
donor cell gives part of chromosome to recipient
-uses pili or cytoplasmic bridges
|
|
endo spores
|
some bacteria form this when they need to survive extended periods of very harsh conditions
|
|
(eubacteria) Diseases caused by bacteria and how do they cause illness
|
bubonic plague, TB, dental caries, Strep throat
-cause illness by:
a)feeding on and destroy host tissue
b)interfering with host tissues because of sheer numbers
c)produce toxins
|
|
when you think Germ Theory of Disease, think of these three people
|
Louis Pasteur
Joseph Lister
Robert Koch
|
|
only ___% of the cells in our body are human, ___% are mainly bacteria and some fungi
|
10%, 90%
|
|
characteristics of Archaebacteria
|
-archae - ancient, but not as old as eubacteria
-cell walls lack peptidoglycan
-mRNA translation more like Eukaryotes
-live in extreme environments
|
|
(eubacteria) Cell movement
|
many are motile b/c need to get to food / light (energy) and to avoid bad environment
-helical flagella (true flagella), like a rotor
-eukaryotes have a different type of flagella
|
|
characteristics of kingdom eubacteria
|
eu = true / common
-cell walls have petidoglycan
|
|
(eubacteria) cell walls, gram negative
|
gram negative: have PM, cell wall, and outer membrane
-thin, sandwiched peptidoglycan layer (between outer membrane and PM
-doesn't bind well with Gram's stain (stains red)
|
