A Plants S1
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Complete list of Terms and Definitions for A Plants S1

Terms Definitions
fig higo
poplar topol
rhiz- root
antheridium Produces sperm
Ginko biloba Ginko
internodes between nodes
Style stalk (stigma>ovary)
Leaves
 carry
out photosynthesis
viburnum dentatum arrowwood viburnum
increases transpiration increased temperature
stem holds plant up
nitrate accumulating plant sunflower
Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir
Black Oak Quercus velutina
Male (flower) stamen; anther, filament
Pistil Female part of flower
Aspidistra elatior cast iron plant
diploid whole # of chromosomes
Sex organs; malvaceae superior, monoadelphous
Products of Photosynthesis oxygen, glucose
Dracaena deremensis 'Janet Craig'
fibers long, slender, occur in groups
What are pollen grains? male gametophytes
Grafting Asexual reproduction. An artificial form of vegetative propagation in which parts (stem or bud) of two young, closely related plants are joined together, first by artificial means and then by tissue regeneration.
Meristematic tissue growth area of plant
Spenophyta vascular plants, hollow/ribbed stems, reduced, scaly leaves. extinct - tree size, modern - small, in marshy habitats. include horsetails.
promote stem and leaf elongation gibberellins
Other: fabaceae pulvinous joing, symbiotic realtionships with nitrogen fixing bacteria, legume
Vascular cambium secondary xylem and phloem
Flower Reproductive part of the plant.
Apoplastic route ends at the endodermis
Angiosperms also known as flowering plants, produce seeds within a protective fruit
fertilization Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell.
xylem vascular tissue; carries water from roots to rest of plant
pectin glue like polysaccharides that binds cellulose fibers together for pliability of tissues; collenchyma
endosperm portion of cotyledon that stores food/energy
Bud Contains undeveloped tissue that will become the flower.
from the tip how do dicots grow
Foxgloves celery parsley Three examples of Biennials
stems carries substances between the plant's roots and leaves. provides support and holds up the leaves so they are exposed to the sun
tension (transpiration) negative pressure (pressure gradient) caused by water in leaves: cells throughout the plant fills up with water in the spaces between the cells, water pushes up against cell walls and eventually evaporates through the stomata due to the water undergoing osmosis from cell to cell until it is released (water vapor)
translocation movement of soluble organic material through sieve tube members occurs through...?
vascular system system for transporting nutirents throughout the organism
In the flower Where do seeds form?
Twig terminal bud, bud scales, lateral buds, lenticels, leaf scar, budd scale scar, bundle trace, node, internode, pith
Spongy Mesophyll Loosely packed, irregularly shaped cells with spaces around then located below the palisade mesophyll
angiosperm flowering plants whose seeds are contained in fruit
roots part of the plant that is underground
pollination transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structures to the female structures of seed plants
foot part of the sporophyte that anchors onto the gametophyte
Stamen thin stalks topped by small knobs inside the flower; male reproductive parts
gymnosperms produces seeds that are hidden in woody cones
Tendrils Leaves with tips coiled around stem. Help plant climb. Sometimes, they are modified stems.
ovulate, pollen reproductive organ of gymnosperm is cone; female-________, male-_______
Cycadophyta Palm like plants that reproduce with large cones
carbon dioxide plants remove ______ from the air
Microspore A spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a male gametophyte.
plasmogamy the fusion of the cell plasma membranes
a long, thin structure that supports an anther filament
Phloem the vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants
Dermal Tissue epidermis, outer layer, one cell thick, protection, some specialized cells
true t/f vascular tissue gives a plants strenght and stability
founder effect small selection starting a population away from others, only a small gene pool to pass on
epicotyl the uppermost part of of an angiiosperm embryo
gymnosperm A plant that produces seeds that are not enclosed by a protective fruit.
Rhizoid Hairlike fiber that anchors a moss to the soil and takes in water from the soil
cork cambium Produces cells that develop tough cell walls that form a protective outside layer on the stems and roots
leaf the green part of the plant that collects the sun's energy to make food
Saprobe an organism that lives in and derives its nourishment from organic matter in stagnant or foul water
tissue groups of similar cells that perform a specific function
Tropism The response of a plant to a stimulus
gravitropism response of plants to the force of gravity
N2 fixing bacteria convert N2 (nitrogen) to NH4 (ammonia). live in nodules on roots (legumes) or "free" in soil
in their roots where do plants store their starch
Nonvascular Plant a low-growing plant that lacks true vascular tissue
Lateral Meristem Consisting of the vascular cambium and the cork cambium, it produces the secondary tissues which make up the secondary plant body.
Petal A flower part; the ring of leaflike appendages occurring inside the sepals, but outside the stamens
germination embryo uses stored food and water from the environment to grow again and push out of the seed
-Prominent leaf scars on stem -Long, thick petioles -Generally glabrous -Deeply palmately divided Fatsia japonicaC: FatsiaF: Araliaceae
morphology the branch of biology dealing with the form and structure of organisms.
taproot a single large root that gives rise to lateral branch roots; mainly in dicots
what is the life cycle of a bryophyte highly dependent on water
light reaction (3 steps) 1. chlorophyll absorbs light, which excites electrons 2. water is split to form O2 and H+ 3. excited electrons form ATP & NADPH
guard cells open and close the stomata based on water pressure in the leaf; guard against dehydration of the plant
producer a living thing that can make its own food
zone of elongation where cells are not dividing but rather growing in size; occurs behind the cell zone of division
apical meristems meristems at tips of roots and stems that produce new cells by MITOSIS
hydrolic lift the process which plants take up water in deep soil horizons and then lost it to the soil in upper horizons
Short Day Plants Plants flower in late summer and early fall when daylight is decreasing
poison ivy a shrub or vine with leaves in groups of three that give off an oil that irritates your skin...leaves of three, let it be
Betula papyrifera - paper birch white paper like bark, med-catkins fruit,
cuticle and stomata what two structures in a plant help maintain moisture?
sporophyte the stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces spores
how to seedless vascular plants reproduce/examples reproduce by releasing spores, ferns, club mosses, horsetails
Explain the relationship between the distribution of tissues in the leaf and the functions of these tissues. Main function of the leaf is photosynthesis, to produce food, and the loss of water through transpiration. · Palisade mesophyll - consists of tightly packed cylindrical cells that contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis. These are the main photosynthetic tissue and it is located near the upper surface where the light is the most intense. · Upper Epidermis - a continuous layer of cells that contains a waxy layer, which prevents water loss even when it is heated by the sun. The lower cuticle is in a cooler position so it has a thinner cuticle. · Spongy Mesophyll - consists of round loosely packed cells with few chloroplasts. This is the main tissue for gas exchange so it is located near the stoma (on the lower epidermis). · Guard cells - two cells which regulate the opening and closing of the stomata, controlling the rate of transpiration. · Stoma - a pore on the lower epidermis that allows CO2 to diffuse in and O2 out. Xylem - caries water through the plant to reduce the losses from transpiration Phloem -transports the products of photosynthesis throughout the leaf Leaf Blade- large surface area for the absorption of sunlight
What is vegetative reproduction and how is the resulting offspring different from sexual reproduction? It is the cloning of plants by asexual means, making the offspring genetically identical.