Academic Words 3
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Complete list of Terms and Definitions for Academic Words 3

Terms Definitions
explicit precise definite specific
virtually almost; practically
essential absolutely necessary; indispensable:
BOND DEFINITION (n) physical restraints used to hold someone or something prisoner, esp. ropes or chains   EXAMPLE She brushed back a curl that had strayed from its bonds    PART OF SPEECH bond - noun bond - verb
Better than all others. Best
documentation Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing
Underlie Verb : underlie (underlain, underlying) ‘undu’ll 1. Be or form the base for     ex : "Do not be underlie when you are wrong"  
MINIMAL Definition:  of a minimum amount, quantity, or degree; negligible   Example: The storm caused only minimal damage.   Part of Speech: Minimal (adjective) Minimally (adverb)
perspective a mental view or prospect:
quote to take a source's ideas word-for-word, put them in quotation marks, and cite them
SUBSEQUENT following in time or order   example: The company plans the Subsequent developments.     part of speech: - subsequent (noun) - subsequently (adv.)
SO-CALLED  DEFINITION: used to show that something or someone is commonly designated by the name or term specified EXAMPLE: At the foundation of the Korean economy are the so-called chaebols or conglomerates. PART OF SPEECH: adjective - so-called
purpose the reason the writer is writing
Attribute Definition: A quality that is a particular part of a person or thing.   Example: Intelligence is not one of his attributes.   Part of Speech:Attribute (Noun) Attribution (Verb) 
Tell how something happens or functions. Explain
inference the act or process of inferring.
recumbent lying down, reclining or leaning; inactive or idle
degenerate to grow worse or weaker, deteriorate (v)
SITE  DEFINITION: an area of ground on which a town, building, or monument is constructed EXAMPLE: The proposed site of a hydroelectric dam. PART OF SPEECH: noun - site
ETHNIC DEFINITION (adj.) of or relating to a population subgroup (within a larger or dominant national or cultural group) with a common national or cultural tradition.   EXAMPLE Leaders of ethnic communities.   PART OF SPEECH ethnic - adjective ethnic - noun ethnically - adverb
Reason why something happens Cause (opposite of effect)
staple a basic or necessary item of food:
distribution an act or instance of arranging classifying something
synthesize To combine two or more elements to produce something more complex.
PROMOTE Definition : To help or encourage to exist something  Example : She promotes the world peace Part of speech : Verb Additional Information : Promotable (Adjective), Promotability (Noun)
 Prior     Definition : Existing or coming before in time, order or importance. Example : Study is prior than playing for teenager. Part of speech : prior (Adjective)
To show, or prove, that something is true; verify. Support
annotation a critical or explanatory note or body of notes added to a text.
aseptic free from the living germs of disease, fermentation, or putrefaction
trait n. a special quality or feature of a person ro animal
Congress   a group of people in America that are elected to make the laws
Use what you know to guess a future event. Predict
government service things that a goverment does to make a community a good place to live in
outcome result
contradiction Conflict or inconsistency
constituent c?u thành,h?p thành Có quy?n b?u c?
MATURE Definition: fully developed physically; full-grown   Example: She was now a mature woman.   Part of Speech: Mature (adjective) Mature (verb) Maturely (adverb) Maturity (noun)
didacticism intended for instruction; instructive:
zealous enthusiastically and extremely devoted (adj)
Terminate Verb : Terminate 'turmu'neyt 1. Bring to an end or halt     ex : "The attack on Poland terminated the relatively peaceful period after WW I"2. Terminate the employment of; discharge from an office or position     ex : "The company terminated 25% of its workers"
Constiution(N) Hi?n ph?p Th? ch?t S? thi?t l?p,thành l?p C?u t?o,k?t c?u
connotation A word's suggested meanings—not a part of its definition.
share when we use something with others
Theory Noun : Theory thee(u)ree 1. A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena     ex : "theories can incorporate facts and laws and tested hypotheses"; "true in fact and theory" 2. A tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena     ex : "a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory
AUTOMATIC (ADJECTIVE)(of a device or process) working by itself with little or no direct human controlex. : an automatic kettle that switches itself off when it boils.automatically - adverbautomaticity - noun
credible offering reasonable grounds for being believed
effective adequate to accomplish a purpose; producing the intended or expected result:
attain to reach, achieve, or accomplish; gain; obtain:
choleric extremely irritable or easily angered; irascible
SUMMARY a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form   example: He gave a summary of the conclusions.   part of speech: - summary (noun) - summaries (noun)
CATEGORY DEFINITION (n) a class or division of people or things regarded as having particular shared characteristics   EXAMPLE Five categories of intelligence   PART OF SPEECH categorial - adjective category - noun  
MEDICAL Definition: of or relating to the science of medicine, or to the treatment of illness and injuries   Example: She needs urgent medical treatment.   Part of Speech: Medical (adjective) Medical (noun) Medically (adverb)
To be like something; almost the same. Similar
recall to bring back from memory; recollect; remember:
depreciate to reduce the purchasing value of money; to represent as of little value or merit
alliteration The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables.
SECURE DEFINITION : fixed or fastened so as not to give way, become loose, or be lost EXAMPLE : Check to ensure that all nuts and bolts are secure. PART OF SPEECH : adjective - secure, securable adverb - securely noun - securement
significance the quality of being of notable worth or influence
Evidence used to prove something to be true. Proof
analyse(V) To examine carefully and in detail so as to identify causes, key factors, possible results, etc.
diverge to move, lie, or extend in different directions from a common point; branch off
optional adj. left to your own choice to do; not required
CHALLENGE DEFINTION (n) a call to take part in a contest or competition   EXAMPLE He accepted the challenge   PART OF SPEECH challengeable - adjectivechallenger - nounchallengingly - adverb  
projective of, pertaining to, or noting a test or technique for revealing the hidden motives or underlying personality structure of an individual by the use of ambiguous or unstructured test materials, as ink blots, cloud pictures, or cartoons, that encourage sponta
a propos de rien apropos of nothing; with reference to nothing in particular.
anticipate expect
disinclined unwilling, reluctant (adj)
incompetence lack of ability
Automatic Definition:Operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control.   Example: This heater is automatic.   Part of Speech: Automatic (Adj) Automatically (Adv) 
consistency (N) tính kiên ??nh
humility modesty, absence of pride (n)
CEASE   DEFINITION (v) come to an end   EXAMPLE The hostilities had ceased and normal life was resumed    PART OF SPEECH cease - verb  
Benefit (N): l?i ích,ti?n tr? c?p,phúc l?i (V) : giúp ích cho,làm l?i cho,l?i d?ng
euphemism the substitution of an agreeable expression in place of one that may offend
SIMILAR DEFINITION : Resembling without being identical.   Ex : A soft cheese similar to Brie.   DERIVATIVES : Similar (adj)  Similarity (noun)
Topic Noun : Topic topik 1. The subject matter of a conversation or discussion     ex : "it was a very sensitive topic" 2. Some situation or event that is thought about     ex : "he kept drifting off the topic"
CIRCUMSTANCE (NOUN)(usu. circumstances) a fact or condition connected with or relevant to an event or action ex. : we wanted to marry but circumstances didn't permit.circumstanced - adjective
impertinent intrusive or presumptuous, as persons or their actions; insolently rude; uncivil:
Context(N) Ng? c?nh,b?i c?nh In context In the context of/ Out of context
frivolity the quality of seriously lacking sense, self indulgent
irony A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result.
TECHNICAL of or relating to technique ; characterizing or showing skill in or specialized knowledge of applied arts and sciences   example: This subject have a technical problem. part of speech : - technical (noun) - technically (adv)
AUTHORITY DEFINITION (n) the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience   EXAMPLE  He had absolute authority over his subordinates   PART OF SPEECH authority - noun
 Precise definition : Marked by exactness and accurasy of expression or detail. example : I will chose the precise university if I already graduate from school. part of speech : precise (adjective)
What a person thinks, feels or believes. Cannot be Opinion
predict to declare or tell in advance; prophesy; foretell:
sectarian narrowly confined or devoted to an interest or purpose
cumulative [loose] sentence An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail.
SEQUENCE  DEFINITION : a particular order in which related events, movements, or things follow each other EXAMPLE : The content of the program should follow a logical sequence. PART OF SPEECH: noun - sequence 
devise to form in the mind by new combinations or applications of ideas or principles: invent
specialize to pursue some special line of study, work, etc.; have a specialty:
zephyr a gentle, mild breeze; the west wind; any of various things of fine, light quality, such as fabric
ellipsis Three periods (. . . ) indicating the omission of words in a quotation or a thought
phrase a part of a sentence without a subject or predicate
water vapor a dispersion, in air, of molecules of water, esp. as produced by evaporation at ambient temperatures rather than by boiling.
maculate a. to mark with a spot or spots; to sully or pollute
affect (v) anh huong
INCLINE Definition: To bend forward Example: They sat rounf the table, heads incline, deep in discussion. 
complement (n) phan bo sung
DEFINITE definition: easily seen or understood   example: We had no definite plans   part of speech: definite (adj) definitely (adv) 
INFRASTRUCTURE Definition: an infrastucture or prasarana. Example: Bali has a good infrastructure. Part of speech:Infrastructure(noun)
OBJECTIVE Definition: Not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts Example: Historians try to be objective and impartial Part of speech: Objective (adj) Objectively (adverb) Objectiveness (noun)
annotate (v) giai thich, chu thich
Couple Definition: two individuals of the same sort considered together Example: a couple of girls were playing marbles. Part of Speech: Couple(noun)
Globe Definition : the earth.Example: Collecting goodies from all over the globe.Part of speech : Globe (noun), globose (adj).
IMAGE Definition: A mental picture or idea Example: I have an image of my childhood as always sunny and happy. Part of speech: image (noun)  imagination (noun)  
External Coming from the outside Examples: Extraneous light in the camera spoiled the photograph; Relying upon an extraneous income; Disdaining outside pressure groups (adjective)    Externally (adverb)
NOTWITHSTANDING Definition: In spite of Example: Notwithstanding the evidence, the consensus is that the jury will not reach a verdict Part of speech: Notwithstanding (preposition) 
consistent (adj) kien dinh, dac, chac, thich
Contradict Definition: deny the truth of (a statement), esp. by asserting the opposite Example:  the survey appears to contradict the industry's claims | he did not contradict what he said last week. Part of Speech: Contradict(verb) Contradictor(noun) 
CYCLE definition: series of events in a regularly repeated order   example: The cells are shed over a cycle of twenty-eight days.   part of speech: cycle (noun) cycle (verb) cyclical (adj) 
Expose Make (something) visible, typically by uncovering it. Example: At low tide the sands are exposed. (verb)    Exposer (noun)  Exposable (adjective) Exposability (noun)  
Overlap Definition: Extend over so as to cover partly   Example: The canopy overlaps the house roof at one end Part of speech: Overlap (verb)
  RADICAL Definition: (adj) (esp. of change or action) relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something; far-reaching or thorough   Example: A radical overhaul of the existing regulatory framework.   Part of Speech: radical (adjective) radicalism (noun) radically (adverb) radicalness (noun)
claim (v) doi hoi, khai la, xac nhan
Foundation An underlying basis or principle for something. Example: Specific learning skills as a foundation for other subjects. (noun)   Foundational (adjective)  Foundationally (adverb) Foundationary (adjective)  
Interjection A word or short phrase that expresses strong or mild feelings.
      OCCUPY reside or have one's place of business in (a building)   EXAMPLE: He apartment she occupies in Manhattan.   PART OF SPEECH: Occupy (verb) Occupier (noun)
  QUOTE Definition: (v) repeat or copy out (a group of words from a text or speech), typically with an indication that one is not the original author or speaker   Example: He quoted a passage from the Psalms “The stream mysterious glides beneath,”   Part Of Speech: quote (verb)
Format The way in which something is arranged or set out. Example: The format of the funeral service. (noun)   Formatter (noun) Formatted (verb) 
Quotation Marks Used to set off words that are spoken.
articulate (adj) co khop, doc ro rang, co khop noi
Predicate Adjective A word that comes after the verb, but describes the subject.