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Atlantic Revolution
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Diderot
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helped make first encyclodedia
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Montesquieu
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French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers.
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Smith
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wrote most influential enlightenment exposition of economics "an inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations"
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Laissez-Faire Economics
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Theory that opposes governmental interference in economic affairs beyond what is necessary to protect life and property.
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Neoclassical
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A revival of the literary, architectural, musical, and artistic forms that are considered a standard or model, and therefore "classical".
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Physiocrats
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Group that believed in natural economic laws that governed society such as land is the source of wealth, supported supply and demand, and created laissez-faire.
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Turgot
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physiocrat. financial advisor to louis xvi. attempted to resolve tax issue.
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Encyclopedie
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a great comprendium of scientific, technical, and historical knowledge, carrying a strong undertone of criticism of existing society and institutions and represented the skeptical, rational and scientific spirit of the age.
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Voltaire
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French philosopher and writer whose works epitomize the Age of Enlightenment, often attacking injustice and intolerance
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laissez-faire
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an economic theory that government should not regulate or interfere with commerce
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Bacon
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The english phiulosopher who advocated a method on empiricism
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Emile
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Book by Jean Jacques Rousseau that spelled out the principles of education according to which the child was allowed to follow his or her own path of intellectual development.
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Frederick the Great
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King of Prussia (1740-1786). Successful in the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years war, he brought Prussia great military prestige in Europe.
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Maria Theresa
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Austrian empress who unified her nation after her father's death, mother of Marie Antoinette, had to fight off Prussia as soon as she ascended to the throne
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Edmund Burke
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British writer who attacked the Revolution as application of blind rationalism that ignored historic realities of political development.
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John Wilkes
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English reformer who published attacks on George III and supported the rights of the American colonists (1727-1797)
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Philosophes
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the 18th century writers and critics who forged the new attitudes favorable to change, they sought out to apply reason and common sense to the instructions and societies of their day
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Montesquien
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a french noble magistrate wrote most influencial book of the century "the spirit of laws"
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Locke
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attempted to achieve a lawful picture of the human mind similar to that which newton had presented on nature
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Partition of Poland
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Division of Polish territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795; eliminated Poland as independent state; part of expansion of Russian influence in eastern Europe.
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Denis Diderot
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Philosopher who edited a book called the Encyclopedia which was banned by the French king and pope.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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A French philosopher who believed that Human beings are naturally good and free, and can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy.
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enlightened despotism
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system of government in which absolute monarchs ruled according to the principles of the Enlightenment such as religious toleration and freedom of speech
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The Social Contract
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Written by Rousseau. Stated that the government officials cannot rule without the consent of the people.
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deism
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a belief in a rational God who had created the universe, but then allowed it to function without his influence according to the mechanicism of nature and a belief in rewards and punishments after death for human action
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The Encyclopedia
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Made by Diderot and was made to bring together all the most current and enlightened thinking about science, technology, art, government, and more. Published in 1751.
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the Eastern Question
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The debate over who got control over the new land that the Ottomans had left behind in Europe.
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