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Definitions |
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Procarboxypeptidase and chymotrypsinogen are activated by _____
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trypsin
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Bilirubin
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yellow pigment of bile
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_____ sequentially contract in response to distension in the large intestine
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Haustra
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Bilirubin is
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pigment formed from heme
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Monoglycerides and fatty acids combine with proteins to form ______
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chylomicrons
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Microvilli bear ___ ____ enzymes
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brush border
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________ are cholesterol derivatives that function in fat emulsification and absorption
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bile salts
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Esophageal mucosa contains ________ epithelium
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stratified squamous
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Liver ______ are leaky capillaries between hepatic plates
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sinusoids
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Paristalsis is initiated by _______ in the late intestinal phase
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motilin
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Name three brush border enzymes
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Aminopeptidases, carboxypeptidases, and dipeptidases
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CCK induces the secretion of enzyme rich pancreatic juice by ____
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acini
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CCK causes the _________ sphincter to relax
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hepatopancreatic
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_______ are pocketlike sacs caused by the tone of the teniae coli
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haustra
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_____ increases the motility of the ileum
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gastrin
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___________ glands of the duodenum secrete alkaline mucus
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Duodenal (Brunner’s)
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________ in the submucosa protect against bacteria
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Peyer’s patches
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Pharyngeal-esophageal phase of deglutition is ___ and controlled by ____ and ___
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involuntary, medulla, lower pons
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Liver lobules have a _____________
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longitudinal central vein
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The _________ duct connects to the gallbladder
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cystic
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Two phases of deglutition
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buccal phase, pharyngeal-esophageal phase
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ACh, histamine and gastrin are all necessary for max HCl secretion T/F
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True
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Gastritis is
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inflammation caused by anything that breaches the mucosal barrier
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Inactive enzyme pepsinogen is activated to _____ by _____ and by ____ itself (a positive feedback mechanism)
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pepsin, hcl, pepsin
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Antihistamines block ___ receptors and decrease ___ release
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H2, HCl
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Three muscles of the stomach
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longitudinal, circular, oblique
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The _______ activates three to four slow powerful peristaltic waves per day in the colon (mass movements)
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gastrocolic reflex
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________ is initiated by presence of food in the stomach
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Gastrocolic reflex
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Carbohydrates enter the capillary beds in the villi and are transported to the liver via the ______
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hepatic portal vein
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Internal anal sphincter is made of ______
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smooth muscle
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Bile duct receives bile from the _______
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bile canaliculi
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_________ separates the right and left lobes of the liver and suspends it from the diaphragm
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falciform ligament
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____ chyme remains in the duodenum for 6 hrs or more
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fatty
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Name the three chemicals that stimulate parietal cells through second messenger systems
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ACh, histamine, gastrin
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Lack of intrinsic factor required for absorption of B12 is called ___
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pernicious anemia
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Chemical digestion in the mouth is comprised of salivary ____ and lingual ______
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amylase lipase
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As chyme enters the duodenum receptors respond to ___ and ___ signals
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stretch, chemical
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_____ of water is is absorbed in the small intestine by osmosis
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95%
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________ is activated by _____ by brush border enzyme ________
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trypsinogen, trypsin, enteropeptidase
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The bile duct and the main pancreatic duct join at the _____
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hepatopancreatic ampulla
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The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile by _____
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absorbing its water and ions
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The esophagus joins the stomach at the _______
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cardiac orifice
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Skeletal muscles of the pharynx
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inner longitudinal and outer pharangeal constrictors
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Enteroendocrine cells secrete ____ and _____ into the ____
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paracrines, hormones, lamina propria
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The ______ and _______ are anchored via mesocolons
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transverse colon, sigmoid colon
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Absorption of _____ and _____ are absorbed into the capillary blood in villi and transported via the hepatic portal vein
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glycerol, short fatty acids
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Lipids are pretreated by ______ and _____ enzymes
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bile salts, pancreatic lipase
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Chyme from the stomach contains ________ and _____
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partially digested carbohydrates and proteins and undigested fats
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Name the four lobes of the liver
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right, left, caudate, quadrate
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Name 4 types of intestinal crypt epithelium
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enteroendocrine cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), paneth cells, stem cells
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_______ cells are found in liver sinusoids
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kupffer cells (hepatic macrophages)
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Name the regions of the large intestine
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cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
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Name 4 types of gastric glands
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mucous neck cells, parietal cells, chief cells, enteroendocrine cells
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Name 6 regions of the stomach
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cardiac, fundus, body, pyloric, greater curvature, lesser curvature
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The ____ artery and vein of the liver join at the ______
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hepatic, porta hepatis
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Name 3 parts of pyloric region of the stomach
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antrum, pyloric canal, pylorus
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