| Terms |
Definitions |
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PYO
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pus
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orbi-
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circle
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jk
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kj
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-Uria
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uria
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trans-
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across, over
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ab-
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away from
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crit
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to separate
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Z-disc
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attaches thin filaments
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smallest leg adductor
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brevis
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cocco
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coccus or round
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Calcaneal
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Pertaining to the heal
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Which animals have nails?
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primates
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Iodide
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congenital goiter or hypothyroidism
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Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the parotid gland synapse in ________ ganglia.
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otic
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diffusion
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increased concentration gradient, increased temp, large/small particle, increased surface area, longer diffusion distance
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what cells produce testosterone?
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interstitial cells
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embryology
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study of body before birth
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blood
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liquid matrix is called plasmatransport
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_ move the mucus dorsally
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cillia
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Supporting cells
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Nourish, support, protect neurons
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Sacral plexus
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formed by L4-S5
-pelvic area,posterior/lateral part of leg,lower back,plantar foot
-sciatic nerve
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-oid
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Resembling; like; having the form ofExamples:Sigmoid = resembling the letter “S” or the Greek “sigma”Nucleoid = shaped like, or having the appearance of a nucleusMyeloid = 1. resembling a myelocyte, but not necessarily originating from bone marrow. 2. Marrow-like; medullaryMyoid = resembling muscle
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Flanges
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finger and toes of the body
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The posterior relationship of the larynx are to what cervical vertebrae in men?
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C3-C6
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cranial nerve I carries _____ information
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sensory
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diarrhea
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frequent passage of loose watery stools
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2 parts of ventral
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vertebral-encases spinal cord
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innervation of g maximus
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inferior gluteal nerve
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the shortest metatarsal actual length
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1st metatarsal
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neurons from the substantia nigra innervate w/this and degenerates in parkinson's disease
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striatum
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white matter of spinal cord
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myelinated axons.
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superior
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higher in station, rank, degree, importance, etc.:
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Disaccharides
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A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis., Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose
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mastoid process
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What important bony landmark is located just behind the earlobe?
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what are fallopian tubes lined with?what shape is lumen?Lower opening of uterus called?
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ciliatriangularinternal os
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Which of the following protein channels would be used to produce post synaptic inhibition? A. Na channel B. K channel. C. Ca channel. D. Cl channel. E. cAMP channel
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cl channel
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transverse atlantal ligament
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in dogs; holds dens down
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nonkeratinized
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surface that is abrasion resistant but wet/slippery
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Muscles of the gluteal region
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gluteus maximus
gluetus medius
gluteus minimis
tensor of the fascia lata
piriformis (deep to the gluteus maximus)
obturator internus
superior gemellus
inferior gemellus
quadratis femoris
obturator externus
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NAMEif the reactant is an electron donor
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oxidation
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the thicker filaments are the _______ filaments
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myosin
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distal
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further away from the point of attachment ex: fingers from elbow
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Elasticity
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The ability of muscular tissue to return to its original length and shape after contraction or extension.
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Centrum .
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â central part, frequently used as a synonym for corpus
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Atoms
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tiny building blocks of matter which combine to form molecules such as sugar, water, and proteins
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release of water, acids, and enzymes, buffers, and salts by the epithelium of the digestive tract
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secretion
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coccyx
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a small triangular bone forming the lower extremity of the spinal column in humans, consisting of four ankylosed rudimentary vertebrae.
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Fatty Acids
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Linear chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms (hydrocarbon) with an organic group -COOH at one end.
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ovarian artery
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Which of the following arteries is present only in the female body?
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symptoms of mennopause
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les estrogen and prgesteroneuterus vag and roobs atrophyvagina is thinner and diermore vag infectionsrising cholesterollower bone masshot flashes
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Which of the following is a holocrine gland? A. ceruminous gland B. Sweat C. Mammary D. Sebaceous
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sebaceous
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alveolar juga
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prominences of the roots in the maxillary canine and caudal cheek teeth can be palpated and occasionally seen
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digestive tract and uterus
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location of simple columnar epithelium
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which molecule directly supplies energy for muscle contraction ??
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ATP, STORED VERY LITTLE
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Draw the regulation of blood glucose levels by negative feedback mechanism involving the pancreas horomones?
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p 11
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epidermal cells that arise from red bone marrow
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langerhans cells
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paired laryngeal cartilages
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2 arytenoid, 2 corniculate, 2 cuneiform
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Rotatores Brevis:
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Deepest of the muscle group. Its tendon ascends one spinal level to insertonto the lamina of the vertebra above. Rotatores muscles are best seen in the thoracic region,but are also well developed in the cervical region.
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Heart (Electrical Activity Steps)
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SA Node: pacemaker, initiates impulse--first to atria, then to AV node
AV Node: delay signal before sending to ventricles
AV Bundles of His: recieve signal and divide into left & right bundle branches
Perkinje Fibers: approach apex of heart & send signal to ventricals
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Nervous System
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a system including all the neural tissue in the body.
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Stratified squamous
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many layers of mostly flat cells: mitosis takes place in lowest layer. epidermis, where surface cells are dead a barrier to pathogen, lining of the mouth, esophagus and vagina a barrier to pathogens
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visceral pericardium
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The innermost layer of the heart is the...
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what does progesterone do?
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prpares uterus for pregnancy during second half of menstrual cycle
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Indirect inguinal hernia
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Passes the entire length of inguinal canal (deep to superficial ring); 20x more common in males; can find it lateral to the inferior epigastric artery pulse (because of the deep ring)
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What is the jugular foramen?
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occipatal/temporal. Bottom of the skull. 9th and 10th Nerve. Also jugular vein.
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External oblique: origin, insertion, innervation, main action
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External obliquesOrigin: External ribs 5-12Insertion: Linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crestInnervation: Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11) and subcostal nerve (T12)Action: compress and support abdominal viscera and flex and rotate trunk
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What are interoreceptors?
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they gtive info according to whats happening on inside of our body. also known as visceroreceptors. They give info concerning pain, pressure, and chemicals. They have a special group called proprioreceptors.
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Gross means ______. And another word for gross anatomy is _________ anatomy or ________anatomy.
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Large. Macroscopic. Fine.
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An epithelium in which the deep layer of cells is square and the superficial layers of cells is flat, is a ______________________ epithelium.
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stratified squamous
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osmosis:
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water will flow to side with the lower water concentration
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lunate
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the second bone from the thumb side of the proximal row of bones of the carpus.
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lateral pterygoid
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Which of the following is a muscle of mastication?
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purpose of ATP
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It's purpose is to provide energy for muscle contractions, chromosome movement during cell division, cytoplasmic movement within cells, membrane transport processes, and synthesis reactions.
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What is induction?
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When a cell or tissue influences other cells or tissues nearby to change into the same type
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adductor for thigh and flexor for lower leg
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adductor magnus, longus, brevis
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medulla of kidney
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internal to the cortex and consists of 6-18 distinct conical structures, called renal pyramids
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define the chemical level of structural organization
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atoms combined to form molecules
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what is in the suboccipital triangle?
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suboccipital nerve (posterior rami C1) and the vertebral artery.
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nodes of ranvier
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gaps in the myelin sheath of an axon is called _______
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Two ways to eliminate particles that settle in alveoli
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1. engulfed by lymphocytes
2. remain encapsulated on alveolar surface
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function of the papillary muscles
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limit movement of valve cusps and prevent backflow of blood
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Efferent arterioles branch (2 forks in the road)
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1) Peritubular capillaries of cortical nephrons
2) Vasa recta of juxtamedullary nephrons
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What's the cytoxic T cell do?
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"attack dogs" of the immune response, kills infected cells by secreting toxins
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ORGANS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
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2 kidneys, 1 bladder, 1 urethra (8 inches in male), 2 ureters, passageway 4 inches controls rhythmic contractions
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what's the blood-brain barrier in the capillaries?
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brain capilaries have no gaps so diffusion can only occur across endothelial cell membrane that forms networks called capillary beds
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what does the superior gluteal artery supply?
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before exiting the pelvis is supplies the piriformis and obturator internus muscles
-a superficial branch passes posterior to supply the gluteus maximus muscle
- a deep branch passs laterla to supply the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata muscles and the hip joint
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oxygen diffuses from alveoli to blood depends on:
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the partial pressure of oxygen and blood
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the real story of lung disease?
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Lungs can heal and the rate of risk for lung disease drops from 20% more likely to 2% more likely for ex-smokers.
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If a part of the heart does not have a sufficient delivery of blood and
oxygen, what symptom often occurs?
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Chest pain (chest heaviness, chest pressure, squeezing inside the
chest).
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sulcus
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groove
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plegia
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paralysis(major)
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tendin/o
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tendon
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con
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together
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-plasm
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formation
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patellar
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kneecap
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patella
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kneecap
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splen/o
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spleen
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MAL
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BAD
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Meso
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Middle
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puer
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child
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anti
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against
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-orexia
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appetite
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phas/o
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speech
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lysis
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loosen, dissolve
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lith
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stone, calculus
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-ectomy
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removal; excision
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-phobia
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Fear of
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pharmac/o
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chemical, drug
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pertaining to
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-ous
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Intestine_Motility-Increase peristalsis
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Parasympathetic
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ADHD
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attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
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cirrh
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orange - r
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dorsum
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back of hand
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BAck of Elbow
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Olecromial
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-apheresis
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removal, carry away
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condyle
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rounded articular projection
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meta-
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beyond, after, change
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orchid
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testis, testicle - r
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arth/o/clasia
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breaking apart a joint
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ec-, ex
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out, out from
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DNA shape
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double stranded helix
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Level of Organization
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Chemical (molecular)CellularTissueOrgan Organ systemOrganism
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T.I.D
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THREE TIMES A DAY
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what is dyspnea
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difficulty breathing
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remission
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the act of remitting.
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action of subscapularis
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Shoulder medial rotation
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Phimosis
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congenital narrowing of prepuce opening that prevents it form being drawn back over glans penis...glans penis can become strangulated and produce an emergency situation
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Specialized junction between cells, which serves as a "spot weld".
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Desmosome
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poster/o
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posterior behind, toward the back
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The endocrine system produces chemicals called
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hormones
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Dermis
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Strong Flexible connective tissue *binds entire body 2gether**hair follicles, oil & sweat glands reside in dermis, extreme stretching ex:pregnancy,underlying dermis makes up bulk of skin. its tough leathery layer composed of fibrous connective tissue
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estrogen under and symp
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hypogonadism; sterility
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trabecule
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needlelike threads of stretchy bones
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oropharyngeal lymph tissue (throat closest to mouth)
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tonsils
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symptom
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any phenomenon or circumstance accompanying something and serving as evidence of it.
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origin of Brachioradialis
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lateral epicondyle of humerus
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Posterior/Dorsal
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toward the back of the body
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Thorascic duct
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connection between the lympathic system and the blood system
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tars/o
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tarsals (bones of the hind foot)
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an abnormal condition of the lip
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cheilosis
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Yellowish pigment from carrots and tomatoes
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Carotene
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selectively permeable
|
allow only some substances through
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What are decreases in neutrophils called?
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neutropenia
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sternal
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The middle of the thorax, anteriorly
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A radiographic examination of lymph nodes after the injection of a contrast medium is called ____________________.
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lymphadenography
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specialist in the field of genetics
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geneticist
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THE ONLY MEDICATION AVAILABLE FOR ALS
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RILUTEK
|
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Pituitary (Hypophysis)
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Location: Brain
Hormones: In Anterior and Posterior Pituitary
Function: Master Gland
|
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bipolar nueron; has microvili, receptor proteins, 12 million cells; 500 different types of chemoreceptoprs
|
olfactory receptors
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acute
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sharp or severe in effect; intense:
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What sensoriomotor nerve arises from ventral divisions of L-2 through L-4?
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Obturator nerve
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Collections of lymphatic tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine
|
peyer's patches
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a precancerous skin condition caused by exposure to sunlight; marked by overgrowths of outer epidermal layer
|
actinic keratosis
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a person standing with feet spread slightly apart, face forward, palms facing forward, arms at rest at the sides is said to be in the _____ position
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anatomic
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What causes the rhodopsin to split into opsin and retinal?
|
Light
|
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elastic cartilage fx
|
maintains structure while maintaining flexibility
|
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hormones and how they control body functions
|
endocrinology
|
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The pericardial cavity lies between _______ and _______ layers.
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parietal; visceral
|
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Suprahyoid muscle with an anterior and posterior belly?
|
Diagastric
|
|
fructosamine test
|
measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks. The fructosamine test is able to detect changes more rapidly than the HbA1c test
|
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pericardium is
|
the membrane that surrounds and protects the heart
|
|
ball/socket joints
|
SJ:spherical head of one bone articulates w. the cuplike socket of another.
|
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What are osteoclasts?
|
cells that break down bone.
|
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TIBIA AKA
|
ANTERIOR INFERIOR LEG BONE - SHIN
|
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unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
|
iatrogenic illness
|
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keratinocyte
|
waterproofing - do we don't leak out
|
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The aortic hiatus transmits the aorta anteriorly or posteriorly to the esophageal hiatus?
|
posterior
|
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Uvula
|
Hangs from free border of soft palate
|
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The outermost layer of the eyeball, the shell.
|
sclera
|
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temp. changes are dected by ____
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thermo receptors
|
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laceration
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the result of lacerating; a rough, jagged tear.
|
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prognosis
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a forecasting of the probable course and outcome of a disease, esp. of the chances of recovery.
|
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ilium
|
the broad, upper portion of either hipbone.
|
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What artery supplies piriformis and obturator internus muscles before its exit, after its exit supplies the 3 gluteal muscles?
|
Superior Gluteal Artery
|
|
3 structures of the small intestine that are adapted for absoption
|
viili,microvilli,plica circularis
|
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The humerus articulates with the _______ at the shoulder and the _______ and _______ at the elbow.
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scapula, radius, ulna
|
|
A small pulmonary vessel that is carrying high levels of CO2 and low levels of O2 is called a
|
pulmonary arteriole
|
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Adipose(specialized) - Location
|
-Under skin in the hypodermis
-around kidneys and eyeballs
-within abdomen
-in breasts
|
|
what is adherence
|
attachment of cell membrane of phagocyte to surface of microorganism; may involve opsonization to enhance attachment of phagocyte
|
|
This type of fungal infection affects the bearded areas of the face and neck.
|
tinea barbae
|
|
fibrinolysis
|
process of breaking down the fibrin / clot.
|
|
What bones forms the jugular foramen?
|
Occiptial and temporal
|
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corium
|
AKA dermis, is the thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis.
|
|
vaccination. Deliberate exposure to an antigen (vaccine)
|
Active artificial immunity
|
|
lipid diffusion
|
the flow of fat soluble substances through the phospho-lipid region of the membrane from an areas of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
|
|
continuous capillary
|
the endothelium is a complete lining. It supplies most regions of the body. Located on every tissue except epithelia and cartilidge
|
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podagra
|
extreme pain of the big toe associated with gouty arthritis
|
|
Lysosomes
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The small bodies in the cytoplasm that contain powerful digestive enzymes that enhance the breakdown of cellular components.
|
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This nerve supplies the structures in the superficial perineal pouch and deep transverse perineus and spinchter urethrae muscle (of the deep perineal pouch)
|
perineal nerve
|
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Joint
|
place of union b/w 2 bones regardless of degree of movement
|
|
where is an impulse carried by an efferent nuron being carried to
|
effectors
|
|
What constitutes the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle?
|
anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, posterior talofibular
|
|
supination
|
rotation of the hand or forearm so that the palmar surface is facing upward (
|
|
phalanx
|
(in ancient Greece) a group of heavily armed infantry formed in ranks and files close and deep, with shields joined and long spears overlapping.
|
|
acronym
|
a word formed from the initial letters or groups of letters of words in a set phrase or series of words, as Wac from Women's Army Corps, OPEC from Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, or loran from long-range navigation.
|
|
what artery supplies the psoas major and iliacus muscles?
|
Internal Iliac artery
|
|
What is the broad superior portion of the sternum that has a medial notch and RT & LT clavicular notches?
|
The mandibrium.
|
|
The epiglottis, when it closes, folds down in which direction?
|
posterior or doral
|
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The layer of the heart that forms a smooth, protective lining of the heart chambers and valves is the ________.
|
endocardium
|
|
usually contain C, H, and O. sometimes N, S, and P.
|
organic molecules
|
|
Extend from the ovaries to the uterus. They convey the ova toward the uterus. Are the site of fertilization and early development of a fertilized egg.
|
Fallopian tubes
|
|
eukaryotic cells
|
cells that have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles ex. plants, animals, fungi, protista
|
|
What are the three types of granulocytes?
|
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
|
|
ethmoid bone
|
is a light, fragile bone between the eyes.
|
|
RE DUCT ION
|
RESTORE A STUCTURE TO ITS NORMAL POSITION
|
|
simple cuboidal epithelium
|
as tall as wide, spherical nuclei, stained darkly, secretion and absorption
|
|
The pharynx is a tube that carries _____ and _____.
|
Food; Air
|
|
What hormones are found in the ovary?
|
Inhibin, Estrogen, Progestrone.
|
|
what makes up most of the tunica externa
|
collagen fibers
|
|
Suprior, Cephalic, Cranial is?
|
toward the head
ex. the knee is superior to the ankle
|
|
What is the weight bearing portion of a vertebra that provides inferior and superior surfaces for the intervertebral discs?
|
The body (centrum).
|
|
What is physiology?
|
The study of the functions of the various parts of the human body.
|
|
requires a high temperature to change from liquid to gas(water)
|
high heat of vaporization
|
|
short head of the biceps brachii
|
assists with flexion, adduction, medial rotation, horizontal adduction
|
|
What is used when determining Coagulation?
|
Unheparinized cap. tube(causes fibrin to break off into pieces)
|
|
What epithelium is found in the lining of the esophagus, mouth, vagina and skin?
|
stratified squamous epithelium
|
|
the volume of the conducting zone is called what
|
anatomical dead space
|
|
What muscles make up the anterior neck?
|
suprahyoid group, infrahyoid group
|
|
the small projection on the posterior border of the ilium just inferior to the posterior superior iliac spine?
|
posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS)
|
|
The three lateral ankle ligaments are:
|
Anterior Talo Fibular (ATF), Posterior Talo Fibular (PTF), Calcaneofibular (CF)
|
|
What blood vessels feed and run between the two layers of the greater omentum?
|
Right and left gasto-omental (gasto-epiploic) vessels
|
|
double non-polar covalent bonding
|
when two atoms of same atomic number share at least two pairs of electrons
|
|
The fatty layer (of the superficial perineal facia) is gone in the male, leaving only a membranous layer called
|
dartos, colle's in the scrotum
|
|
What causes the pronator syndrome?
|
compression between the heads of the pronator teres
|
|
where is the intermediate lip of the linea aspera best defined and what is its function?
|
only well defined posteriorly
-for muscular attachment
|
|
Q There are two layers of the superficial group of back mm. What mm. are contained in the first?
|
A trapezius, and latisimus dorsi
|
|
What is a foramen?
|
hole that allows a vessel or a nerve to pass through or between bones.
|
|
emphysema is low or high surface area and causes what
|
low surface area and hypoxia
|
|
Describe and give an example of Sesmoid bones?
|
round or oval bones located within tendons and often joint capsules
ex. patella-largest sesamoid in the body and the sesamoids of the first metatarsal bone
|
|
What are somites and how do they form?
|
aggregations of mesenchyme in the paraxial mesoderm that eventually segregate into scleretome (vertebrae precursor) and dermomyotome (dermatome/myotome)
|
|
What does the greater omentum attach to?
|
Greater curvature of the stomach and the 1st part of the duodenum
|
|
What structures do the penduncles link nerve fibers with?
|
the brain stem,the cerebrum and the spinal cord
|
|
When are the seconday centers of ossification fused by?
|
all fused by age 25 except transverse ridges which take until middle age
|
|
The primary function of the immune system:
|
is to maintain good health & to protect the body from harmful substances
|
|
what is the function of the ciliary body
|
it controls lens shape and secretes aqueous humor
|
|
What is blood type A according to antigens present?
|
Type A- antigen A on RBC (antibody against Antigen B)
|
|
what is the specific location of the subclavius?
|
it extends from the 1st rib to the clavicle
|
