| Terms |
Definitions |
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Oikos
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household
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Astyanax
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Hector's son
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1250 BCE
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Trojan War
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plague
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a widespeard disease
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Barbarians
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Wild or uncivalized people.
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deme
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a small civillian town
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Biology
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Contribution: Started scientific study of olants and animals-classifed them, learned that plants can be made into medicine.
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Laocoon and Sons
Hellenistic
1st century BC
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Rome
Marble original
7'10"
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Socrates
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Philosopher who believed that absoulute standards existed for truth and justice
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Sparta
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a city-state in ancient Greece
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Parthenon
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The temple honoring the goddess Athena, built on the acropolis above Athena.
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archimedes
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a hellenistic scientist who accuratly estimated pi
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Polis
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The Greek name for a city-state
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Thucydides
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ancient Greek historian remembered for his history of the Peloponnesian War (460-395 BC)
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Euclid
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Discovered geometric formulas that are still used today and are virtually unchanged
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Calchas
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Agamemnon's priest; kills Iphigenia to appease Artemis
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Solon
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594 BC
Outlawed debt slavery- stated that no citizen should own another citizen
Organized Athenians into 4 social classes
According to wealth
Only top three classes could hold public office
Citizens regardless of class could participate in Athenian assembly
Introduced the idea that citizens could bring charges to any wrongdoers
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Homer
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ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC)
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Peloponnesian Wars
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Battles fought between Athens and Sparta
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marathon
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the first victory of the persian wars
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Helot
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A person conquered by Sparta who became a slave
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Direct democracy
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All citizens could particpate directly in the government
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Knossos
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Crete's main capitol city. Where the Minoans started their civilization.
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Herodotus
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a historian who wrote about Greek history and culture
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ARISTOCRACY
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More powerful and richer than most; usually born into upper class status.
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Daily Life
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600-371 BC
Sparta had most powerful army in Greece
Paid high price for it
Individual expression was discouraged
Did not value arts, literature or other artistic and intellectual pursuits
Valued: duty, strength, and discipline
Men were expected to serve in the army until they were 60 years old
Boys left home at 7
Moved to army barracks
Stayed until they were 30
Spent their days marching, exercising, and fighting
Tough training to create tough, resourceful soldiers
Girls also received some military training
Run, wrestled and played sports
Taught to put Sparta above everything
Even above love of family
Spartan women had considerable freedom
Running the family estates while men were at war/in training
More freedom than Athenian women
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Assembly
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A group of citizens in an ancient greek democracy with the power to pass laws
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colony
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a territory or community that is under the control of another country
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Hellenic Cultures
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323 BCE-1146 BCE: This period in Greece
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kossos
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the capital of the Minoans (is located on crete)
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Slavery
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condition of being owned and forced to work for someone else
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gymnasium
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a place to exercise the body and mind
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Agora
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A central area in Greek cities used both as a marketplace and a meeting place
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Minoans
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The culture that started the idea of the Greek religion. This culture was isolated on the island of Crete, and had no army. They were conquered by the Mycenaean's.
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City-state
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small groups of people that inhabit an area of land
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Battle at Marathon
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490 BC
Persian fleet carrying 25,000 men across the Aegean Sea
Landed Northeast of Athens- At Marathon
10,000 Athenians, arranged in phalanxes, waited for them
Athenians Won!- Persians fled
Persians lost more than 6,000 men; Athens lost less than 200.
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Corinthian
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A type of column that is the most decorative of all of the kinds of columns.
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oligarchy
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a system of government in which a few noble people rule and have power based on money
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What is an agora?
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A public market or meeting places
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Alexander the Great
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Became ruler of Athens at age 20.
He succeeded Phillip ll
Expanded his empire greatly
Fulfilled his fathers dream of conquering Persia
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1 event of the Peloponnesian wars
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Sparta couldn't invade the Athenian city, but invaded their countryside (foodsource) instead.
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1 effect when Athens and Sparta united.
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When Athens and Sparta united, the Greeks had a stronger army.
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