Complete List of Terms and Definitions for AP 82

Terms Definitions
cortex outside
phloem faces
hypotonic low solute
vegetative shoots bear leaves
Endosperm Digested into cotelydons
micropyle gap in the integuments
roots where cytokinins are found
vessel elements short and thick
biennials life cycle in two years
Lateral meristems Activity of dividing cells
phototropism -growth response to light
-controlled in shoots tip
-tip contains cryptochromes (pigments) that are most sensitive to blue light
xylem conveys water and dissolved minerals
Bryophytes Non-vascular plants, including mosses, hornworts, and liverworts.
carpel the ovule-producing reproductive organ of a flower; consists of the stigma, style, and ovary
pollen grain with 3 openings eudicot
embryo sac microplye-3 cells-2 synergid egg-fertilize
antipodal-3 antipodal
middle-2 plar nuclei sperm double fertilization
vascular system consits of xylem and phloem
Dermal tissue system -epidermis
-covers and protects plant
-root hairs are extensions of epidermal cells near root tips
-waxy cuticle secreated by cells of the leaf and stem
pea germination cotyledons stay undergroudn and epicotyl breaks through as a hook (dicot)
monocot angiosperm whose seeds have one cotyledon
leaf photosynthetic organ that contains one or more bundles of vascular tissue
plumule young leaves attached to the epicotyl
Sepals the green, leaf-like structures that cover and protect the flower
auxins phototrophism results from an unequal distribution of ________
division byrophypta mosses:
alt of generation
sperm must swin
no vasc
rhzioids
spores
gametodominant
stomata (singular stoma) a microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant
progymnosperms An extinct seedless vascular plant that may be ancestral to seed plants.
Fusiform Initials Cells within the vascular cambrium that produce elongated cells such as trocheids, vessel elements, fibers, and sieve-tube members.
Angiosperms flowering plants, seed is hidden in ovary, most diverse plants on earth, monocots/dicots.
Photoperiodism Plant flower response to changes in amount of daylight & darkness (circadian rhythm)
fibrous roots -found in many monocots
-shallow and spread out, hold top soil
-no central tap root
root hairs high surface area for water intake
Secondary Growth Growth produced by lateral meristems, which thickens the roots and shoots of woody plants.
megaspores A spore from a heterosporous plant that develops into a female gametophyte bearing archegonia.
gymnosperm seed plant that bears its seeds directly on the surfaces of cones
monocotyledon A flowering plant with two embryonic seed leaves or cotyledons that usually appear at germination
Nonvascular an organism with no vascular tissue; examples are Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts
sori bumps of sorangi (where haploids are formed)
lycophyta club mosss and spike mosses produce clusters of spore-bearing sporangia in conelike structures called strobili. the "resurrection plant' a plant that recovers from a deadlike appearance when watered, is a spike moss
Cork Cambium A cylinder of meristematic tissue in plants that produces cork cells to replace the epidermis during secondary growth
unique organelles of plant cells -cell wall
-large, central vacuole
-chloroplasts
-tonoplast (membrane around vacuole)
endodermis the innermost layer of the cortex, one cell thick and forms boundary between cortex and stele
Sclerenchyma Cell A rigid, supportive plant cell type usually lacking protoplasts and possessing thick secondary walls strengthened by lignin at maturity.
stigma The sticky part of a flower's carpel, which traps pollen grains.
thigmotropism A directional growth of a plant in response to touch.
root cap the extreme, protective tip of a root
Seeded Vascular a plant with vascular tissue which produces seeds; Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
filament a stalk that connects to the anther; part of the stamen
middle lamella seperates newly divided cells joind by pectin
sieve tube elements cells that actually carry the nutrients in a plant
pollen grain Structure consisting of a few haploid cells surrounded by a thick protective wall that contains a male gametophyte of a seed plant.
G3P A 3 carbon sugar; for each CO2 are formed in the Calvin cycle; 1 leaves to be used in the cell, 5 are use for regeneration of RuBP
dicot root xylem in center with spokes and phloem between spokes
sporangia/sporangium A capsule in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid spores develop.
Double Fertilization The union of two sperm cells forming both zygote and endosperm
organs, tissues, cells the plant body has a heirarchy of
Noncyclic Electron Flow A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP, NADPH, and oxygen. The net electron flow is from water to NADP+.
spore In the life cycle of a plant or alga undergoing alternation of generations, a meiotically produced haploid cell that divides mitotically, generating a multicellular individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell.
nucleus divides, add cell walls process of endosperm formation after double fertilization
female gameto in flowers mega spore - meoisis - 4 haploid daughters - 3 die - 1 survive - 3 mitosis - 8 cells - 2 merge -embryo sac
alternation of generations a life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophye, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae