Complete List of Terms and Definitions for AP Bio Plants review

Terms Definitions
Endosperm Stores food
monocots parallel veins
Xylem water conducting tissue
tracheids long and thin
simple fruit single ovary (cherry)
bundle sheath cells encloses veins
symplast includes cytosol and plasmodesmata
vernalization inducing flowering by low temperatures
gibberellins Promotes stem & leaf elongation
dicot -two cotyledons
-netlike veins
-stem - vascular bundles in a ring
-taproot
-floral parts in multiples of 4 or 5
gemma Small cup-shaped structure in liverworts that contains many haploid cells; used for asexual reproduction
Ovary where fertilization occurs; contains the ovules
anther pollen-producing plant organ; composed of pollen sacs
main function of root hairs absorption
procambium primary meristem that produces the vascular tissue
ground meristem -located between protoderm and procambium
-gives rise to the ground tissue system
-mostly parenchyma cells
-fills the cortex ( area between stele and epidermis)
-stores food
-has endodermis (innermost layer of cortex)
monocot stem vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue
environmental closing stoma stresses -water deficiency
-high temps
stem stele set of vascular bundles (stem)
Tracheid A long, tapered water-conducting cell that is dead at maturity and is found in the xylem of all vascular plants.
pericarp The thickened wall of a fruit.
casparian strip a water-impenetrable barrier which causes water to pass through the endodermal cells
Endodermis the inner layer of the cortex
cortex ground tissue located between the vascular (external to this) and dermal tissue
1/4 of angiosperm species, lily, orchid monocot
brassinosteroid promote cell growth in shootsm promotes or inhibits root growth, promotes germination
integument Layer of sporophyte tissue that contributes to the structure of an ovule of a seed plant.
Mesophyll Cells A loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface.
Vascular bundles How/where vascular tisue is arranged in stems
Stoma A small epidermal pore, surrounded by two guard cells, through which gases diffuse in and out of a leaf.
middle lamella adhesive layer between adjacent cell walls, cements two cells together
Gymniosperms type of vascular seed plant
* external seeds (example: pine cones)
* tough, needle like leaves, resilient to climate
examples: evergreens, x-mas trees
cuticle a waxy coating that helps prevent water loss
fruit a wall of tissue surrounding the seed
cotyledons formed by storage material in the endosperm; Leaflike structures at the first node of the seedling stem. In some dicotyledons, they contain stored food for the young plant not yet able to photosynthesize its own food
Abscisic acid inhibits leaf abscission and promotes bud and seed dormancy
cytokinins used to prevent apical dominance (when auxins force a plant to grow upwards)
Phloem Vessels carry nutrients, such as glucose, throughout the plant.
made up of: sieve tube elements and companion cells
deciduous shed leaves to minimize water loss during slow-growing (or dormant) seasons
Dry environment mods. cell walls, stomates, gametangia, c-4 plants, pollen, needle of cacti, xylem, seeds, roots and root hairs, stomatal crypt, sporopollenin, CAM plants, Waxy cuticle, Lignin, Phloem.
transpiration the emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants
multiple fruit A fruit such as pineapple that develops from an inflorescence, a group of flowers tightly clustered together. When the walls of the many ovaries start to thicken, they fuse together and become incorporated into one fruit.
sporangium a structure in ferns and some fungi that contains spores
geotropism The bending responses of a plant to the forces
hypocotyl acts as the embryo's axis; below the point that the cotyledons are attached to
stele the vascular tissue of a stem or root
seed embryo of a living plant that is encased in a protective covering and surrounded by a food supply.
Axillary Bud A structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot, or branch. The bud appears in the angle formed between a leaf and a stem.
vessel elements shorter, aligned ends to end and make a tube (xylem vessel)
Short-Day plants flower in late summer and early fall when daylight is decreasing
open stomata, more transpiration depletion of CO2 causes: (stomata, transpiration)
Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and the buds of shoots. The dividing cells of an apical meristem enable the plant to grow in length. apical meristem
Water-conducting cells (xylem) *dead 1. tracheids - found in pine trees - conducts water 2. vessel elements - conduct more water than tracheids
zone of cell division dividing cells of of the apical meristem
A plant gene that promotes the switch from vegetative growth to flowering meristem identity gene
Steps of Water Movement in Xylem 1. Water evaporates from stomata creating a gradient. 2. Cohesion of Water with H-Bonds and adhesion to xylem creates tension. This pulls water from roots to leaves
Difference between stoma & guard cell? Stoma: hole on leaf for gas exchange // Guard Cells: Cells on the side of the stoma that regulate opening/closing