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Definitions |
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Hydrophobic
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TAILS
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Polysacchs
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Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen,
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Protons
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Positively charged particles
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Hydrolysis
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Add water to separate dissaccharide
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Cohesion
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strong tendency to stick together/attractive forces between like molecules
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Peptide Bonds
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Bonds between amino acids
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Bases
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compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
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Polar covalent
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When electrons are shared UNEVENLY
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Amphipathic
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molecule having both a hydrophilic region and hydrophobic region (phospholipid)
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Adhesion
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easily attached to something else; sticky
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DIsaccharides
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two monosaccharides brought together = hydrogen (-H) from one sugar molecule combines witht he hydroxyl group (-OH) of another sugar molecule. water molecule is removed from 2 sugars.
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ions
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electrically charged atoms that have gained or lost electrons.
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RNA
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ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis
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starch
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a complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds, fruits, tubers, roots and stem pith of plants, notably in corn, potatoes, wheat, and rice
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Lipids
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CHO
Triglyceride- 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
Phospholipids- two fatty acid tails, and one -charged head
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PHOSPHOlipid
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special class of lipids that contain two fatty acid "tails" (hydrophobic) and one negativley charged phosphate "head" (hydropholic)
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Hydrophilic
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"water-loving," it does mix well with water, carries a negative charge that draws positivley charged ened of water molecule
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Cellulose
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beta-glucose, major part of cell wall in plants because lends structural support
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Heterotrophs
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living organisms that rely on organic molecules for food (humans)
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Carbohydrates
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the starches and sugars present in foods
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Acids
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compounds that form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
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Isomers
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compounds with the same formula but different structure
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Functional Groups
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A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
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Chitin
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complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of fungi; also found in the external skeletons of arthropods
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Ionic Bond
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When atoms transfer one or more electrons
ex. NaCl
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Organic Compounds
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molecules that contain a skeleton of carbon atoms
four classes central to life: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
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Basic Solution
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do not release hydrogen ions when added to water, they realease hydroxide ions (OH-). These solutions are alkaline
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Secondary Structure
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The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.
Alpha Helix and Beta Pleated-Sheets
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monomers
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small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers
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Atoms
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smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element
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Neutral Fats
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three fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol = triglyceride (fat)
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Fatty Acids
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simple forms of fat that supply energy fuel for most of the body's cells
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Van der Waals Interaction
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Very weak connections caused by uneven distribution of electrons within a molecule
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