| Terms |
Definitions |
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DNA
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double stranded
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euchromatin
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loosely-packed chromatin
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linker
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connects two nucleotides
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RNA
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does protein synthesis
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primase
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lays down RNA primer
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southern blot
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used to analyze RFLP's
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histone
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small, positive protein and chromosomes; pack DNA into nucleus and regulate DNA activity
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repressor
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regulatory protein that prevents operon genes from being expressed
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inducer
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molecule that turns on transcription of genes in operon
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bioinformatics
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biology and math and computer sciences
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operator
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short segment that a regulatory protein binds to
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nonhistone
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negative or neutral proteins; affect gene accessability, regulate gene expression, and form complexes
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chemical modification
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part of posttranslational regulation; adding or removing of chemical groups
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recombinant
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__________ DNA contains DNA segments or genes from different sources.
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Garrod and Bateson
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connection between genes and metabolism
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exon shuffling
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new proteins evolve from recombining regions/domains of existing proteins
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genomic library
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collection of clones that contains copy of every DNA sequence in a genome
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retrotransposons
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copy and paste via a RNA copy
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inducible operon
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operon whose expression is increased by an inducer molecule
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bacteriophage
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A bacteria virus is called a ___________.
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envelope
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An _________ surrounds the capsid of some viruses.
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dispersive replication
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fragments of original DNA serve as templates for assmebling two new molecules, each containg old and new parts at random
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transcription
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takes place in the nucleus; makes DNA into mRNA
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DNA microarrays
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solid surface divided into grid of spaces with copies of DNA probe
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gene mutation
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change in a gene; caused by mutagens
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degenerate
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multiple amino acids code for the same thing
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translational regulation
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controls rate mRNA's are used in protein synthesis
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retroviruses
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virus with a RNA genome that uses reverse transcriptase to replicate via a DNA intermediate
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capsid, capsomeres
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A ______, or protein coat, encloses the nucleic acid of a virus.
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tRNA
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_____ is an RNA molecule used for transporting amino acids to their proper place on the mRNA template.
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STRs
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Areas of the human genome that are particularly polymorphic contain ____, short sequences of nucleotides that repeat many times
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primase, RNA primer
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To initiate a new complementary strand, the enzyme _______ beings replication with a short segment called an ____ ______. When this is in place, DNA polymerase can attach succeeding DNA nucleotides, and the original nucleotides in the beginning are later replaced.
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rRNA
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_____ is RNA that is the building block of ribosomes.
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universal
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amino acids code for same thing in all organisms
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transposable elements
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DNA segments that can move from one place to another within cells genome; non-homogenuous
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conjugation
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copy of part of DNA of one cell (donor) moves through cytoplasmic bridge into another cell (recipient)
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genetic code
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info to specify amino acid sequence of polypeptide
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allele
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one of two or more versions of a gene
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telomerase, adds, nucleotides
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The enzyme _________ helps solves the problems associated with replication reaching the end of the DNA strand. It _____ a short sequence of _________ to the end, elongating the strand.
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operon
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An _______ is a unit of DNA that controls the transcription of a gene; for example, lactose breakdown
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conjugation, transduction, transformation
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What are the 3 ways genetic variation is introduced into the genome of bacteria?
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