Complete List of Terms and Definitions for AP Euro-ID Quiz on French Rev. part

Terms Definitions
9 thermidore ...
Georges-Jacques Danton -1791
-popular orator
-critic
-denounced the idea of "active" and "passive" citizens
sans-culottes -stood against unearned property
départements -1790
-new division of land
-named topographically
the Directory -1795
-created by Thermidorians
-part of new constitution of 1795
-collective executive of five directors
-comforts of the wealthy contrasted greatly with deprivations of the poor
-economy in shambles
-ended terror but did not bring stability nor peace
mountain more radical. Robespierre. took over girondist control on june 2 1793.
bourgeoisie France's middle-class who had no privileges and defined by wealth
Gained much influence in the 1st Revolution and regained influence in the Thermidorean Reaction
François-Noël Babeuf -1796
-plotted to overthrow the Directory
burke ..., British statesman who in Reflections on the Revolution in France, condemned the Revolution as an application of blind rationalism that ignored the historical realities and complexities of social reforms
estates general ..., France's traditional national assembly with representatives of the three estates, or classes, in French society: the clergy, nobility, and commoners. The calling of the Estates General in 1789 led to the French Revolution.
Thermidorian Reaction radical hotbeds shut down. churches opened. 1795 new constitution of a conservative republic.
Legislative Assembly 1791. National Assembly resigns to prove they aren't power hungry. They get re-elected and are called the Legislative Assembly.
death of marat PROPAGANDA. marat portrayed as patriotic saint. similar qualities to jesus images.
National Assembly legislative group during age of montesquieu. they got rid of noble and clerical privilege, including tithes and dues. all were = under law.
Vendeé (2nd Rev.) A counterrevolutionary revolt in western France that resisted the Civil Constitution of the French Clergy
quadruple alliance ..., G.B., Austria, Prussia, and Russia united to defeat France and their Bonapartism, and also to ensure peace after war. After Napoleon, they resotred the Bourbon monarchy to France.
emigres ..., French nobles who fled from France during the peasant uprisings. They were very conservative and hoped to restore the king to power.
camille desmoulins ..., French Journalist and Politician played in revolution, not Marat, man who got up and said "to arms" causing the storming of the Bastille for gunpowder
september massacres ..., Louis's imprisonment was followed by the September massacres. Wild stories seized the city that imprisoned counter-revolutionary aristocrats/priests were plotting with the allied invaders. As a results, angry crowds invaded the prisons of Paris and summarily slaughtered half the men and women they found.
Maximilien Robespierre -late 18th century
-leading figure on the Committee of Public Safety
-wanted to establish a "cult of supreme being"
-terror and virtue
the age of voltaire 3rd phase, enlightened despotism encouraged
lettres de cachet Documents issued by the king permitting arbitrary arrest and indefinite imprisonment without trial and was highly critized in the cahiers
Necker (1700s) France's Swiss minister of finance who arranged loans for colonists in America and believed that there was no need for financial reform or for raising taxes
kept being dismissed b/c was disliked by the court but many others liked him
enrages ..., These were even more extreme than the sans-culottes . They were leftist, extremists in Paris and the provinces who declared that parliamentary methods were useless. Included women. Worked thro-out the whole country. Formed revolutionary armies scouring countryside for food, denouncing suspects and preaching revolution.
girondists ..., a group of moderates. Felt that the revolution had gone far enough and wanted to protect the wealthy middle class from radical attacks. Organized support to resist strength against the mountain
General Charles François Dumouriez -minister of foreign affairs
-1792: declared war on austria
Jacobins (2nd Rev.) French club backed by sans-culottes that wanted a centralized government, no external warfare, democratic republic, and wanted to continue the Revolution
Estates-General calling of which in 1789 was a revolutionary act-said king couldn't rule alone
body made up of representatives of the three estates
1st- Made up of clergy
2nd-Made up of nobles
3rd- Everybody else
national guard created by the middle class to control the great fair
Girondins (2nd Rev.) French club that called for economic liberalism, opposed centralization, wanted war, and wanted a limited republic
assignats ..., In December of 1789 this was a paper currency issued by the Constituent Assembly which had confiscated church property and issued this paper money based on this land. Initially could just by land with it though later it was used as a general currency. Supposed to help ease the difficulties of peasants but all sorts of problems with it - overissued plus easily forged.
louis xvii ..., new monarch of the French tried to consolidate that support by issuing the constitutional charter, which accepted many of France's revolutionary changes and guaranteed civil liberties. he was old, ugly, crippled by gout, and lacked the glory and magic of Napoleon. Louis XVII gled and Napoleon once more took command.
the age of montesquieu 1st stage of the revolution, the bourgeoisie phase
jeunesse dorée or "gilded youth" -during the Directory, late 18th century
-drawn from the bourgeoisie and old nobility
-set social and cultural tone of the day
Calonne (Rev. of the Noble) French minister of finance who distrusted Necker but further indebted France
The Assembly of Notables/high clergy rejected him, wanting to keep their tax privileges
committee of public safety ..., The leaders under Robespierre who organized the defenses of France, conducted foreign policy, and centralized authority during the period 1792-1795.
reign of terror ..., This was the period in France where Robespierre ruled and used revolutionary terror to solidify the home front. He tried rebels and they were all judged severely and most were executed
vingtième tax a tax on income for both nobles and commoners
Directory (1795-9) Phase of the French Rev. in which the National Convention established a five-member executive and was noted for its political instability, wars, and economic hardship
Sieyès (influential throughout the Rev.) French priest who was an avid supporter of the 3rd estate (which he thought should be the National Assembly) and denounced noble privileges
Later helped to overthrow the Directory
The Terror (end of 2nd Rev.) Period in which the Jacobins terrorized counterrevolutionaries
it was monitored by the Commitee of Public Safety and led by Robespierre
Storming of Bastille (beginning of 1st Rev.) Uprising in France in which bourgeoisie Parisians thought that the king was going to attack them so they gets some arms and ammunition and rebel
law of the maximum ..., The fixing of prices on bread and other essentials under Robespierre and the Committee of public safety's rule
National Convention (created in 2nd Rev.) An assembly made up mainly of Jacobins that declared France a republic and claimed to support liberty