Complete List of Terms and Definitions for CD722
| Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
| con | with |
| más | more |
| aquí | here |
| .65+.35= | 1.00 |
| va | he/she/it goes |
| encantar | to enchant |
| gustar | to please |
| puede | (you) can |
| con permiso | excuse me |
| poder | to be able |
| MGN |
Input: Inferior Colliculus Output: Auditory Cortex |
| hasta mañana | see you tomorrow |
| impassive | without emotion; apathetic; unmoved. |
| Inflammation of vocal folds = | laryngitis |
| Vocal Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease? | • Monopitch• Monoloudness• Harshness• Breathiness |
| emboldened | To become bold or bolder |
| Which approach to stuttering intervention is appropriate for moderate to severe stuttering that has been present for 1 yr +. | Direct Approach |
| Treatment for voice nodules | – Vocal rest– Voice education/therapy to vocal abuse– Chronic cases may require surgical removal of nodules |
| Type of stuttering associated with learning speech & language | Developmental |
| Prelinguistic | Occuring before the infant can speak. |
| biased | having or showing bias or prejudice: |
| brown adipose | contains a rich blood supply |
| Stuttering occurs due to failure in normal interactions between PLAN and EX processes, e.g., linguistic plans (PLAN) are sent too slowly to the motor system (EX) | EXPLAN model |
| Developmental Framework: Bloodstein’s 4 Phases PHASE 3 | Specific situations are regarded as more difficult (telephone, presentations) Certain words identified as more difficult to say Circumlocutions/word substitutions frequent Fear/embarrassment but will not avoid situations |
| Recent research suggests that stuttering may be linked to | a specific gene |
| ARTICULATORY/RESONATING SYSTEM | • Structures that form the vocal tract:– Pharyngeal cavity (neck area)– Oral cavity• The tongue and teeth in oral cavity are important for speech production– Nasal cavity• Soft palate (velum) divides the oral and pharyngeal cavity from the nasal cavity• Resonant acoustic tube– All English sounds are formed in the vocal tract |
| Optimality Theory | A phonological theory that outlines constraints on pronounceable sounds and sound sequences. It lists typical constraints that speakers prefer not to violate, such as, “every syllable should begin with one consonant followed by a vowel.” |
| Intentional Communication | Any communicative act that an individual engages in purposefully. |
| anonymous | without any name acknowledged, as that of author, contributor, or the like: |
| what do membranes have in common? | produce secretions |
| Indirect Approach for stuttering intervention | Mild stuttering; newly begun GOAL: “facilitate fluency through environmental manipulation” No explicit discussions with the child Information sharing and counseling with parents Reduce communicative pressure on child Provide a slow, relaxed speech model for the child Use play-oriented activities that encourage slow and relaxed speech |
| Imbalance between environmental demands placed on child to produce fluent speech and child’s physical and learned capacities (motor skills, language production skills, emotional maturity, cognitive development) | Demands and capacities model (DCM): |
| Infants use what as an expression of pain, pleasure, displeasure, and hunger? | differentiated |
| Nonreflexive Vocalization | Describing a process that has some voluntary component. Reflexive crying in infants soon develops into nonreflexive crying. |
| Dummy Syllable | A place holder, or empty phonological form. Some children learning language use a dummy syllable in place of all unstressed initial syllables. |
| _____ harm our relationship with God and others by undermining the fervor of our life of charity, and gradually lead to mortal sins. | Venial Sins |
| mutiny | rebellion against a captain of a ship by sailors. |
| Effectiveness of Stuttering Intervention | Average improvement rate of 70%; highest rate among preschoolers. Studies link success to early diagnosis and treatment of stuttering Preschoolers: 91-100% maintained fluent speech 2-5 years following dismissal from treatment School-age: Cautious optimism re: improvement Adolescents/Adults: 60-80% improvement regardless of therapeutic technique used Most effective in short- and long-term reductions of stuttering: prolonged speech and/or gentle voicing onset |
| Contact ulcers are most common in adult males due to | forceful, aggressive talking |
| Reflexive Vocalization | A sound made involuntarily, such as a vegetative sound, a burp, cough, newborn cry and so on. |
| âThen God said, Let us make man in our _____, in our _____,â | image, likeness |
| Structures that form the vocal tract: | – Pharyngeal cavity (neck area)– Oral cavity3 3- Nasal cavitiy |
| Baby Talk | One of the many names for the speech register used with young children. |
| Voice Changes in Life: Aged | 65+, voice may begin decline via changes in vocal pitch, quality, and/or loudness related to diminished physical status Voice may be affected by physiological changes in larynx With age usually comes reduced demand on the communication system (e.g., retirement) although communication is still important to human contact |
| fibrosis indicates that if there is an injury the person most likely | has very active fibroblasts |
| Position and size of larynx changes | • VF (vocal fold) length in mm: 3 (infant); 17-21 (adult male); 11-15 (adult female)• (Larger your VF the lower your Fo)• Significant changes in vocal folds during puberty for males |
| Vocal Fold Development in infancy: | Larynx high in neck @ C3VF length = 3 mmAverage Fo = 400 Hz |
