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Definitions |
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caliphates
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dynasty
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holy book
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koran
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religion make
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money
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chapters of koran
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suras
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metal to gold
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alchemy
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capitol of russia
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kiev
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built city-walls/hagia sophia
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justinian
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call people to prayer
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muezzins
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new kind of ruler
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sultan
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Steppe-
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dry, sparse treeless grassland
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triptych
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a three-paneled painting or altarpiece
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2nd goal of justinian
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simplify/organize law
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white garment worn during pilgrimage
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ihram
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Autocrat-
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one ruler with complete power
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icon
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a conventional religious painting in oil on a small wooden panel
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Ambulator
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covered walkway, outdoors or indoors, especially the passageway around the apse and the choir of a church
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christian's fight for the holy land
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crusades
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1st goal of justinian
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reconquer roman lands
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Ivan the Terrible-
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went crazy with power
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Patriarch
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a church leader in Constantinople - not the pope
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mecca
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the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace
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guidelines for correct living
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five pillars of islam
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ignites on fire no matter what
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greek fire
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Great Schism-
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split between eastern an western Christianity; Eastern = eastern orthodox & western= roman catholic
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Justinian's Code
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The code of laws developed by Justinian. It is from this code that we get our understanding of Roman law.
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muezzin
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the Muslim official of a mosque who summons the faithful to prayer from a minaret five times a day
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iconostasis
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a screen or partition, with doors and many tiers of icons, separating the sanctuary from the main body of the church
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declare that there is no god but allah and muhammad is a prophet
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faith
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The leader or head of the Eastern Orthodox Church
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Patriarch
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Who was allowed to argue about religious matters?
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All byzantine citizens
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baghdad
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Capital city of Iraq. As heart of the Arab Empire, it was second only to Constantinople in terms of size and grandeur in 1000 C.E.
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Pros of Location
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1.) Trade & Marketing: Only 2 paths from Europe to Asia were by sea and through Byzantine Empire
2.) First to know about any technological advancement in Europe or Middle East
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4 parts of code of justinian
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code, digest, institutes and novella
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Church & State- what did many Buyzantines believe about their emperor?
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believed their emperor represented Jesus on earth.
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2nd Reason for Empire's Fall
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Euro: Roman Catholic, accepts Pope as religious leader
Byzantine: Eastern Orthodox, accepts king as religious leader
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What was Ad700's major dispute over?
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the use of Icons caused the major dispute
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nobles
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boyars
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become muslims
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berbers
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golgotha/jesus's tomb
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christians
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Icon-
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holy images
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council of nobles
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duma
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justinian
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Byzantine emperor 527–565.
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capitol of umayyad dynasty
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damascus
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accused of nepotuism (favortism)
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uthman
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Theodora
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Justinian's wife and his advisor
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cupola
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an exterior architectural feature composed of a drum with a shallow cap; a dome
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last byzantine emperor
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constantine the eleventh
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Emperor Justinian
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158-159- the Eastern Roman Empire
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nomad
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one who has no permanent home
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caliphs
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muslim rulers, regarded as successors of Muhammad
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capitol city of the orthodox caliphate
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medina
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Problems
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Constantinople had over 1mil ppl
1.) Food
2.) Keeping city clean
3.) Housing
The poor were unhappy and revolted many times (civil war/conflict)
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gospels
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the four new testament books that relate the life and teachings of Jesus
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seljuk turks take asia minor
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battle of manzikert
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3rd goal of justinian
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launch a building program
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regent
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a person who exercises the ruling power in a kingdom during the minority, absence, or disability of the sovereign.
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jihad
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a holy war waged by Muslims against infidels
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choir
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the space reserved for the clergy and singers in the church, usually east of the transept but, in some instances, extending into the nave
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What does Caesaropapism mean?
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Caesar: divine beingPapism: religious official
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mosaic
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a picture or decoration made of small, usually colored pieces of inlaid stone, glass, etc.
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Rise of Byzantine Empire
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Eastern Europe grew rich/powerful as Western Roman Empire fell
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rotunda
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the circular area under a dome; also a domed round building
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3 Defenses
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1.) Spy Network to warn of upcoming attacks
2.) Diplomacy to negotiate with nations and avoid war
3.) Maintaining a strong army, capable soldiers, technology
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What was the Byzantine Empire born out of?
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Eastern Roman Empire
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Hagia Sophia was built by
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Justinian and it became the religious center of the Empire
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1st Reason for Empire's Fall
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Middle Ages in Europe: Little growth, continent was weak, Byzantine could easily set borders, no opposition
Europe entered Renaissance, time of much growth. Euro nations wanted to eliminate competition.
Venice and Constantinople were trade routes btw Euro and Asia. Venice found soldierce readying for Crusade and paid them to attack Constantinople
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Who is Procopins? What did he release of great controversy?
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- Official historian of Justinian & Theodora- Ancedota (real history of them)
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