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Definitions |
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treatment for allergies?
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penicillin
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Girolomo Fracastoro
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-Renaissance -named syphilis-recognized typhus and the contagious nature of TB-spoke of “the existence of invisible seeds of infection which multiply and penetrate the organism”
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antibody
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protein that fights infection
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Reservoir
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-where the pathogen lives-“home” of the pathogenic organism-where the pathogen can live and reproduce.
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Diabetes
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pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin
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pathogen
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disease-causing bacteria, virus, and fungi
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T for narcolepsy
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adequate sleep, meds
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incubation
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-stage of disease-occurs between when the pathogen enters the body and the first symptoms.
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environment
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-part of the Epidemiologic Triad-all other factors that inhibit or promote disease occurrence or onset.
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T for parkinson's
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meds, surgery, and PT
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multiple sclerosis
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destroys protective covering (myelin sheath) of neurofibers
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arthritis
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painful inflammation of the joints that affects tendons, ligaments, muscles
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triggers of hormone release
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print off slide
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Joseph Lister
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-key player in the 19th century-applied antiseptics to surgical wounds making surgery much safer
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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-17th century-constructed more than 200 microscopesdescribed RBCs-first to identify bacteria, but did not connect it to disease
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Triggers of asthma?
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smoking, perfume, stress, pollution, pollen, mold, grass, dander, physical acticity, cold air, dry air
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Symptoms of allergies?
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itchy, watery eyes, sneezing, shortness of breath, hives, rash
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angina pectoris
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chest pain resulting in narrowed arteries, results in a lack of O2
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hyperthyroidism symptoms/cause
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graves symptoms: eyes bulge from swelling
swelling of the skin
difficulty sleeping
muscular weakness
more frequent bowel movements
cause: overproduction of thyroid hormones, may be caused by tumor
caused by graves disease (antibodies bind to thyroid stimulating hormone receptors) most of the time
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Pandemic
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-an epidemic that is widespread over a country, continent, or worldwide
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congestive heart failure
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-caused by heart attack-heart pumps below normal-fluid accumulates in lungs
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Triggers of allergies?
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meds, insect stings, ariborne, pollen, dust, grass, latex, peanuts
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what is a mammogram
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used to diagnose breast cancer
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adrenal insuffieciency symptoms/causes
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imbalances in minerals in blood
can lead to hypotension: low bp
cause: tumors or autoimmune attack resulting in destructin of all or part of the adrenal glands
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when do male condoms fail?
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incorrect or inconsistent use
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what type of lubricant with latex condom?
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water based
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Leonardo da Vinci & Andreas Vesalius
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-Renaissance-produced anatomic works based on dissection of the human body that showed Galen’s mistakes and became the foundation for modern anatomy
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sickle cell anemia
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red blood cells are sickle-shaped and receive less oxygen
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name some uncontrollable risk factors
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family history, age, gender, race
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can a male and female condom be used effectively at the same time?
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no
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positive feedback
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an increase in a hormone brings about a response that increases the level of that hormone
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Portal of exit
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-a way for a pathogen(s) to escape their host
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Name some controllable risk factors
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diet, exercise, tobacco use, stress, weight
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what is a biopsy
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small probe is placed in the rectum
probe gives off sounds waves that create picture of prostate on a video screen
doctor inserts a narrow needle through the wall of rectum in to the prostate gland
needle removes a piece of tissue
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types of bone
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long bones: loner than they are wide (arms, legs, hands, feet) provide support, serve as levers
short bones: bones in the wrist an ankle, mainly spongy, covered with layer of compact, allow movement and shock absorption
flat bones: located in torso, protect and provide attachment for muscles
irregular bones: skull, pelvis, vertebrae: support weight, protect spine, movemnt, sites for muscle
sesamoid bones: short bone embedded within a tendon or joint capsule, alter angle of insertion of the muscle
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definition of a hormone
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"A chemical substance secreted by a specialized gland into the blood which is carried to target tissues where it binds to specific receptors and exerts a biological effect."
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cervical cancer: who affected? diagnosis? rare? risk factors?
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who? 2nd most common cancer among women
diagnosis? pap test and pelvic exam
colposcopy: vinegar in cervix
biopsy: tissue analyzed
cone biopsy: cone shaped tissue exam
endocervical curettage: similar to cerv biop
risk factors? infection with HPV, high number of sexual partners, many pregnancies, oral contraceptives, lack of pap test and exams, smoking
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testicular cancer: who affected? diagnosis? rare? risk factors?
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relatively rare, 1% of all cancer in men
ages 20-39
risk factors: undescended testicle
congential abnormalties, personal history, family history
diagnosis: history and physical exam, ultrasound, surgery
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who is affected by osteoarthritus, symptoms, causes, treatment
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15% of americans have some form, more common in older adults and women
who? most common
symptoms? pain and loss of joint movement
cause? injury and/or overuse (irritates and inflames the cartilage, causing joint pain and swelling), uncoupling at articular cartilage, possible genetic
treatment: physical activity, drug treatment, braces
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