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Definitions |
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Maslow
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Self-Actualization
Esteem, Status
Social Affection
Safety, Security
Physiological Needs
(lower need must met before moving up)
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Big Five
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Extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience
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Job Maturity
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(Hersey/Blanchard)
willing and able
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Vision
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(Senge)
Personal (the tension between vision and reality)
Shared - the future we create together
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Emotional Intelligence
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1. Self-Awareness
2. Self Responsibility (regulation and motivation)
3. Social Competence (empathy and social skill)
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Senge's Fifth Discipline
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1. Systems
2. Personal Mastery
3. Mental Models - built off existing models
4. Shared Vision - Future we want to create together
Team Learning - encourage reflection /align but not agree
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Types of Power
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Legitimate: Formal Management Position
Referent: Charisma "I want to be like you"
Expert: Specialized Knowledge
Coercive: Punish
Reward - Bestow rewards
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Power
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The potential abilty to influence behavior, to change the course of events, to oversome resistance, to get people to do things they would not otherwise do.
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Tell me about Goal Definition within the Classical Organizational Theory?
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Theory x Leadership Theory
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Authoritarian, repressive, tight control
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Kirkpatrick and Locke Traits
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Drive, Motivation, Integrity, Confidence, cognitive ability, task knowledge
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Participative Leadership
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Also called Shared Leadership - mentioned in Theory Y, House Path-Goal and Hersey Blanchard Situational Leadership
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Effective Staff Development
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Relevant - clear classroom fit
Attractive - incentives, application
Duration - practice, evaluation
make them hunger for it.
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Goal Setting Theory
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Match the goal -
high enough (challenge)
low enough (achievable
Specific goals increase performance and difficult goals when accepted result in higher performance than easy goals
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Equifinality
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1. There is no one right way.
2. Everything is a judgement call.
3. Do your homework.
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Transformational Leader
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Unite followers - change beliefs to promote higher levels of performance. Commitment to organization, members form unified vision
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Theory X Motivational Theory
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People dislike work, little ambition
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What is Vision?
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Seeing the future that you create together as a staff or group.
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Ohio State (Behavior Theory)
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A dichotomous grid showing outcomes between low to high manager's consideration (trust, respect, friendship, warmth) and low to high manager's initiating structure (organizational patterns, communication, scheduling procedures)
Effected outcomes include performance, grievance and turnover
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Herzberg 2 Factor
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Hygiene factors that keep people from being unhappy:
Supervision, company policay, working conditions, salary, peer relationships, security
Motivators:
Achievement, recognition, work itself, responsisbility, advancement, growth
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What is Emotional Intelligence?
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How we handle ourselves in a situation. How we handle our attitudes
Ex. Pebble in the lake with ripples
we are the lake how we react is the ripples
Self Empowering or self defeating
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What is Henri Fayol's Management Functions under the Classical Organizational Theory?
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It is very military "ish"
Planning
Organizing
Commanding
Coordinating
Controlling
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Organizational Realms - Mitchell and Spady
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The conflict between Administrative and Teacher (They)
Administrative - enviornmental, facilitative, group achievement
Teacher: transformative, individual achievement
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The key to restructuring is a change in what?
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Climate/Control and Interpersonal Relationships
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What are the 3 levels of Culture?
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Artifacts level: baggies experiment, Buffet school music instead of bell, trophy case
Values and Beliefs level: What is right and wrong, Honesty, Fairness
Underlying Assumptions level: take 3 to 5 years to take effect and people give up easily before this point
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Ways to lower your Cognitive Dissonance?
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1. Stop the behavior
2. Decide the behaviors not that important
3. Change Attitude
4. Seeking out more constant elements to outweigh the dissonant ones.
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Difference Between Power and Authority
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Power: we are responsible for our actions and we share resonsibility for the actions of those we influence
Authority: Willingness of subordinates to comply, suspension of subordinates criteria for making a decision, power relationship legitimized by norms of the group.
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If you want to change the culture? What should you pay attention to?
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School Climate and Interpersonal Relationships
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What are the 6 parts of Classical Organizational Theory
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Division of Labor
Span of Control
Formal Rules
Goal Definition
Extrinsic Rewards
Hierarchy
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What is Fundamental Attribution Error?
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It is their fault - you people did it
I decided to not go to class because you people told me to stay home.
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Talk about the Classical Organizational Theory's Hierarchy?
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Think of the tree with who reports to who.
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Tell me about the Social Systems/Human Relations within the Organizational Theory?
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need to understand the whole, the parts, and the relationships among the parts
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What are the 3 "You's"?
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Who am I
Who I think I am
Who I think other people think I am
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Talk about Classical / Structural Theory and what it is?
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they wanted to find a set of rules that would establish basis for mngment
Go by the book
run a tight ship
Believes in chain of command
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Talk about Taylor's Principles of Scientific Management
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Identify the "one best way" of doing a job and then develop workers to function in that way.
ex. one person make button holes and one sews them on. Maybe have them both do both tasks
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What do you need to do to maintain a change?
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Keep it simple
Less is more
Make it memorable
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Stogdill traits
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Intelligence
Allertness
Insight
Responsibility
Persistence
Initiative
Self Confidence
Sociability
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Ways to Study Leadership
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Traits
Behavior
Contingency
Situational
(Power)?
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Felt/Displayed Emotions
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Felt: actual feelings
Displayed: required by organization for job.
(Emotional Labor)
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Time Management
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People First
Eliminate inneffective office practices
practice "management by wandering around"
Know what to look for when MBWA
Let others help you save time
do demo lessons
seek feedback
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Emotional Labor
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expressing organizational desired emotions during interpersonal transactions.
"Welcome to Costco, I love you."
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ERG
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Overlaps with Maslow, but believes people can satisfy needs in more than one area at a time;
Growth
Relatedness
Existence
(goes from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation)
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Trait Theories
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Machiavelli - end justifies means
"Great Man" theory
Right Stuff (height, etc.)
Stogdill - no one set of leadership traits across professions
Kirkpatrick and Locke "Traits Matter"
Big 5
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Iowa Studies (Behavior)
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Authoritarian - full authority
Democratic - group involvement
Laissez Faire - no direction
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What is Climate?
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description of people's shared perception of the quality of the environment or work unit
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Felt / Displayed Emotions
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Felt - Actual feelings
Displayed - required by the organization for the job
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Authority Grid
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A Dichotomous Chart showing the relationships between formal authority and informal authority.
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Theory Y Leadership Theory
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Liberating, developmental, enabling, empowering, giving, responsibility
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Leadership
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Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal
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Cognitive Dissonance
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Occurs when there are inconsistencies between 2 or more of a person's attitudes or between a person's attitudes and behavior.
Reduce by:
stopping behavior
decided not importnat
changing attitude
seeking out sonsonant elements to outweigh disonant ones
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Fundamental Attribution Error
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We assume others are internally controlled (somebody else's fault)
"she didn't get her work done because she's lazy"
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Virtually all organizations exhibit characteristics of these?
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1. Centralization
2. Span of Managment
3. Authority
4. Chain of command
5. Job specialization
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Thoery Y Motivational Theory
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People are good and smart, underutilized, want responsibility
(participitive)
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Tell me about Max Webers Bureaucratic Structure within the Classical Organizational Theory?
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Hierarchical Structure-each level controls level below
Division of Labor - One person doesn't do all of the jobs
Control by rules - Top down and rules are made at top
Impersonal relationships - replace mngr w/out big change - ex. Sub for teacher it is difficult to do
Career Orientation -
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Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid
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A coordinate graph that plots leadership styles on two axis - concern for people, concern for production - quadrants include: Country Club (high people, low prod.)
Team Management (High Pe High Pro)
Authority Obedience (Low PE, High Pro) and Impoverished (low, low)
also Organizational (Wo)man - in the middle, doing just enough, getting by.
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Hersey and Blanchard Situational Leadership
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A bell curve requiring more relationship behavior depending on level of follower readiness in task behavior.
roles include
Delegating (able and willing follower)
Supporting/Participating (able and unwilling)
Coaching/Selling (Unable and Willing
and Structuring/Telling (Unable and Unwilling)
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Culture is the: (7 possible)
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Norms - have to schedule a bathroom break
Values - honesty and respect
Beliefs - Mr. S is REALLY hard
Traditions - sing school song every morning
Rituals - stand when saying the pledge
Ceremonies - K roundup or 6th grade graduation
Myths - tack on the the chair of teacher story
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What is Second Order Change?
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it is transformational, it is BIGGER problem. Critical mass get a lot of people to do it. Bigger risk but bigger results.
Ex. Move your entire kitchen from the main floor to the upstairs.
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What are the 4 Perceptual Lenses?
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Structural - think factory, rules terms results
Human Resource - Family and how do we get along
Political/Power - see's things as a competition or contest
Symbolic - mythology, tells stories
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Trait Theory Strengths and Weaknesses
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Not good for Training Leaders, but good for leaders training themselves
Strengths: focus on leaders, 100 yrs practice, personal awareness and development
Weaknesses: Overly simple, not useful for training, no one "set" universally
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What is the purpose of culture?
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to understand and determine how we respond
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What is Self Serving Bias?
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It is not my fault - it is external
I couldn't go to class cause I got a flat tire or cause my computer broke.
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Talk about Formal Rules under the Classical Organizational Theory.
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Handbooks, policies, and need to have written rules.
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What is the key to restructuring?
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A change in climate or control and interpersonal relationships.
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Tell me about Division of Labor under the Classical Organizational Theory?
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One room school house teacher did everything (turn on furnace, check mouse traps, teach K - 8)
There was no real division of labor back then
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Talk about Extrinsic Rewards with the Classical Organizational Theory.
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If you follow the rules you will get rewarded.
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