| Terms |
Definitions |
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Amylin Analogue
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Pramlintide (Symlin)
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Tx for osteoporosis
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Hormone replacement therapybisphosphonatesSERMS - selective estrogen receptor modulatorsPrevention: *exercise, Vit D, calcium, calcitonin nasal spray, diet, no smoking
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Causes of Pheochromocytoma
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Von Hippel-Lin-dau syndromeNeurofibromatosisMEN 2 syndrome
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SSx of hirsutism
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Excessive male hair growthgalactorrheaAcneInfertility- easy bruising, hpertension, wt gain, acanthosis nigricans
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Def of Pheochromocytoma
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Catecholamine-producing tumor- Norepi (20%)- Epi (80%)therefore 90% tumors found in adrenal medulla
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Tx for osteomalacia
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ergocalciferol for deficiency (long-acting Vit D-prevention: vit D, sun exposure
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what disorder is found in children
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psuedohypoparathryoidism
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Tx for pseudohypoparathyroidism
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calium, phosphorous, vit D
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labs for pseudohypoparathyroidism
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low serum calciumhigh PTH
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SSx of pseudohypoparathyroidism
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cataractsshort 4th metatarsalround faceintracranial calcificationsshort statureseizures
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Incretin Mimetics
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Exenatide (Byetta) & Liraglutide (Victoza)
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Tx for Pheochromocytoma
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1. Antihypertensive Tx alpha-blocker2. Beta-blocker to control tachycardia3. Surgical resection
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Tx for Cushings
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* Taper the glucocorticoid- transphenoidal surgery- Radiation- Chemotherapy- Adrenalectomy
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Labs for acute adrenal insufficiency
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low ACTHhypoglycemiahyponatremia, hyperkalemiahigh eosinophil
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Disorders of the parathyroid glands
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primary hyperparathyroidismsecondary hyperparathyroidismhypoparathyroidism pseudohypoparathyroidism
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Main Classes of Secretagogues (2)
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Sulfonylureas & Meglitinides
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Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (2)
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Acarbose (Precose) & Miglitol (Glyset)
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Known as Addision's Dz
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- Chronic adrenocorticol insufficiency (primary)- destruction of adrenal corticies (decr in cortisol, aldosterone, androgens)
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Tx for primary hyperaldosteronism
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* Spironolactone - aldosterone antagonist- Sodium restriction- Adrenalectomy
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Metabolic bone disease
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= any condition producing diffusely decr bone density (osteopenia) and diminished bone strengthOsteoporosisPaget's Dz of boneOsteomalacia
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Main Classes of Insulin Sensitizers (2)
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Biguanides & Thiazolidinediones
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Main Class of Meds that Slow Digestive/Absorptive Process
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Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors
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Tx for chronic adrenocorticol insufficiency
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- hydrocortisone- hormone replacement: corticosteroid+minaralocorticoid (due to disruption of renin axis)
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def of hypoparathyroidism
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low PTH --> low ionized calcium (hypocalcemia) and incr in serum phosphorus
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What Dz do u do an IRMA assay?
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Primary hyperparathyroidism
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Def of secondary hyperparathyroidism
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seen in chronic renal failure; hyperphosphatemia and reduced vit D produce an initial decrease in calcium --> leading to increase in PTH secretion
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Def of primary hyperparathyroidism
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excessive secretion of PTH by parathroid glands that result in hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia
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Known as an "adrenal crisis"
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- Acute Adrenal insufficiency; - inadequate ACTH formation or release resulting in decr adrenal hormone (disorder of pituitary gland)
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causes of primary hyperparathyroidism
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benign adenoma (single one) MEN 1 (Werner's syndrome) and MEN II Exposure to irradation of head, face, neck medications: lithium, thiazides
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What are the causes of osteomalacia
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Vit D deficiencydeficient intake of Ca/Phosgenetic: hypophosphatasiaFibrogenesis - "fishnet" appearance
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What is the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism?
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surgical (iatrogenic); inadvertent parathyroid gland resection from thyroidectomy
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Most common cause of acute adrenal insufficiency
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- Abrupt termination of corticosteroid --> body stops making ACTH, no adequate Na+ control or BP control --> coma- Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (bilateral hemorrhagic infarction)
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characterized by high bone turnover rate and disorganized osteoid formation
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Paget's dz of bone (have enlarged and deformed bone)- will get areas with "big holes" and other areas that are more dense
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