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LSD
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5-HT2a agonist
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Cognitive Neuroscience
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Developmental Psychology
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Acoustic encoding
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storing sound info
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Tectum
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Auditory and visual responses
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shaping
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an operant-conditioning procedure in which successively closer approximations to the desired response are reinforced until the response finally occurs
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Decibles
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dBunit of measurement of loudness
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cerebellum
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(little brain) coordinates movement and balance.
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Anxiety Disorder
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Disruptivefeelings of fear, apprehension, or anxiety, or distortions in behavior that are anxiety related. (psychological Disorders)
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The nerotransmitter that helps suppress pain is called?
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endorphin
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alfred adler
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inferiority copmplex. with karen horney and carl jung. common reservior of images derived from our species universal experiences
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Behavior therapists often use counterconditioning to produce new responses to old stimuli two counterconditioning techniques are systematic dresensitization and
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aversive conditioning
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Vestibular System
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using semicircular canals, the vestibular system carries information about the direction and intensity of head movements, which helps us maintain balance
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Internalization
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Process through which a learner gradually incorporates socially based activities into his or her internal cognitive processes
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linguistic determinism
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whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think.
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heuristic
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simple thinking strategy that allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently
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sympathetic is _____ and parasympathetic is ________?
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arousal, calming
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Effortful processing
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practicing or rehearsing information through shallow or deep processing
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A cross between amphetamines and mescaline
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MDMA
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cognitive dissonance
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anxiety that results from simultaneously holding incompatible attitudes or beliefs, as when one likes a person but disapproves of their habits
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Jean Piaget
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focused on study of children's cognitive development
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Ego
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The conscious, rational part of the personality, charged with keeping peace between the superego and the id
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Scaffolding
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a process of adjusting instruction so that it is responsive to a beginnerÕs behavior and supports the beginnerÕs effort to understand a problem or gain a new mental skill.
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congregate housing
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an increasingly popular long-term care option which provides a variety of support services, including meals in a common dining room and watchful oversight of residents.
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REM sleep
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increases as hours of sleep increase
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Ancient and fundamental adaptation to the 24-hour solar cycle of light and dark, found not only in humans and other animals, but also in plants and one-celled organisms
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cicadian rhythms
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Observational Learning
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Learning by observing others and imitating
Starts right after birth
Cognitive process
No reinforcement or punishment
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negative punishment
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Removal of event after responding lowers likelihood. Ex)take away allowance.
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Dualism
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mind and body as separate (but communicating) entities: Body and soul Even complex behaviors are mechanical, without involvement of the soul...anything a dog can do is mechanical and does not require soul
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Homeostasis
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the tendency for bodily functions to maintain equilibrium
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somatoform disorder
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psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause.
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Obtrusive Field Observations
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-sometimes impossible to be unobtrusive-getting your subjects accustomed to you observing them-part of the group but the observer-recording
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primary reinforcer
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positive: tied to biological need: food water etc.negative: escape
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mechanism of opiates
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-agonist for endorphins & enkephalins
-competitively binds to receptor sites in brainstem regions and mimics effects of these NTs
-prevents ascending pain signals from reaching the brain
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consciousness-raising
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a group-therapy technique in which the aim is to enhance the participants' awareness of their particular needs and goals as individuals or as a group
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corpus callosum
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the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
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situational factors
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attempting to remember something in a different situation or internal state may negatively impact memory
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loss of memory for events immediately prior to the disorder
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retrograde amnesia
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Histrionic PD
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pattern of thinking and behavior that is characterized by excessive emotionality and attention seeking. self centered vain demanding emotions shallow and vacillate between erradically
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relative height
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We perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away
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problems of unconscious processing
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fast and efficient, but inflexible
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standard deviation
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a stacomputed mesaure of how much scores vary around the mean
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what are some causes of learning disorders
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-genetics=60%-neurobiological: phonolocial and visual processing deficits-social/psychological:emotional disturbances; 30-70% overlap bt reading disorder and ADHD
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Ideal Self
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-How people would ideally like to be
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one-word stage
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the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words.
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process loss
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any aspect of group interaction that inhibits good problem solving
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Amount of distribution/ spread in your data around the mean
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Multiple correlation
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The ability to reflect on and manipulate the sound structure of spoken language
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phonological awareness
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Time series design
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Requires repeated measurements to be taken on the DV both before and after treatment (history threat)
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neural input
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shit are telling the neuron all the time "fire" "don't fire!" and it has to decide what to do
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Realistic conflict theory
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the idea that limited resources lead to conflict between groups and result in increased prejudice and discrimination; inter-group competition;When there are sufficient resources, there is no competition necessaryWhen resources are scarce, there becomes a competition with a minority group
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motor cortex
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the part of the cerebral cortex whose neurons control voluntary movements in specific parts of the body
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Conditioned taste aversion
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Avoid foods that previously made you ill
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peripheral nervous system
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Transmits information to and from the central nervous system->Autonomic and Somatic nervous system
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people tend to think more after the supression than before
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rebound effect
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integrative solution
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a solution to a conflict whereby the parties make trade-offs on issues according to their different interests
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minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 perccent of the time
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signal detection theory
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conation
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the part of mental life having to do with striving, including desire and volition.
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dependent personality disorder
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A disorder in which people are overly concerned about maintaining relationships. People with this disorder often allow others to make decisions for them and are reticent to make demands that could challenge relationships.
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Levels of processing theory
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explanation for the fact that info that is more thoroughly connected to meaningful terms in LTM will be better remembered
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3 things 1. General health value 2. Specific belief about vulnerability to a disorder (at risk) 3. Belief about consequences of disorder (think it is serious)
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perceived health threat
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Sparky Anderson Quote
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\"It's a disgrace what we're doing in the U.S. and Canada. We're asking kids to compete to win. Why not ask them to compete and have fun? We're trying to build our egos on little children.\"
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signal detection theory
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predicts how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus ("signal") amid background stimulation ("noise"); Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and level of fatigue
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ExplainShape constancy Location ConstancySize ConstancyBrightness ConstancyColor Constancy
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Shape: same shape despite how you look at it. (pie)Location: Even though your moving ... other objects are not. (drive telephone pole)Size: Same size regardless how close or far you are from itBrightness: same brightness regardless of light relection (snow on cloudy day)Color: same color regardless of light source
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Knowledge
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Is what a person needs to know to do a specific job.
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Dispositional vs situational attribution
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attribute a behavior to the person or situation?
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Bandura's Bobo Doll Study
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Kids who watch adults beat up Bobo are more inclined to beat up Bobo given the opportunity
Observational learning
Media can alter attitudes/behaviors
Implications of Observant conditioning -> learning from media
Watching violence -> Increased aggressive behavior
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Sir Charles sherrington (1857-1952)
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used the new technology to map out the structural and functional properties of the nervous system
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what are the 2 cues for depth?
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1-monocular cues for depth (can be processed with either eye alone)2-binocular cues for depth (can only be processed with both eyes together)
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• What is escape-avoidance conditioning and can you give examples?
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Kid cries , you give me cndy to quite. Like negative reneforcement
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