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Definitions |
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diversity
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variety
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anabolic pathways
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greens
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Accessory Pigments
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tricuspid, bicuspid? Where?
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trans per
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across through
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do all plants photosynthesize
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No
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Gene
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Discrete unit of inheritance
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Gluconeogenesis
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Non-Carbohydrates (primarily glycerol) converted into glucose in liver
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bases
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basic/alkaline solutions contain lower concentrations of H+ ions than pure water and have pH values ABOVE 7
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which phylum are under deutersomes
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echinoderms
chrodates
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trophic pyramids
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net production, biomass, numbers
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Test a hypothesis
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Conducting multiple experiments
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Alzheimer's
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Cause: neurofibrillary tangles in cerebral cortex and plaques that damage neurons.
Symptoms: memory loss, personality changes, loss of reasoning ability.
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medulla
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the marrow of the bones.
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muscles tissues
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skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
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callus
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a thick layer of keratin cells
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Nuclease
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Enzyme that breaks down nucleic acids.
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arachnida (spiders,scorpions, harvestmen, mites,and ticks)
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-abundant in terrestrial enviornments-simple life cycle
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DNA
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Deoxyribonucleic acid-form of a double helix.
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Organism
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An specific individual within a population
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plant cells
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has cell wall
has central vacuole
chloropast
plasmodesmata
rectangular shape
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Oomycetes
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Oomycetes: water molds and downy mildews; nonphotosynthetic.Water molds are absorptive heterotrophs (e.g., Saprolegnia).Once were classed as fungi, but are unrelated.Some are coenocytes—many nuclei enclosed in one plasma membrane
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Meiosis II
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Produces 4 haploid daughtersLooks like a regular mitotic division in which chromosomes line up individually on the metaphase plate and sister chromatids separate and move apart in anaphase II. At the end of telophase II there are four haploid daughter cells.
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Where does electron transport chain happen?
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mitochondria
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heterozygous
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dissimilar pairs of genes. one dominant and one recessive
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Amoebocytes
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irregular amoeba shaped cells in a sponge
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terminal bud scars
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shows one year of growth
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Excretion
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Process by which the wastes of metabolism are removed from the body
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alfred north whitehead
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seek simplicity, and mistrust it
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study of the physical forms that organisms take
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morphology
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Does particles have the ability of passing through the membrane of a plastic bag?
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Yes
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All land plants go through...
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ALTERATION OF GENERATIONS
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ecology
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study of biotic and abiotic factor interact with eachother.
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define homeostasis
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the ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuouslyDYNAMIC state of equilibrium
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selective permeability
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property of biological membranes that allows them to regulate the passage of substances
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Hydrostatic
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Consists of fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment. Helps protect other body parts, cushioning them from shocks. Example = earthworms
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How many species of gibberellins are there?
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70
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Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
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Organic molecules in which both chlorine and fluorine atoms replace some of the hydrogen atoms.
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two flagella that fit in grooves between 2 thick plates of cellulose
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dinoflagellates
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eukaryotic
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any organism having as its fundamental structural unit a cell type that contains specialized organelles in the cytoplasm, a membrane-bound nucleus enclosing genetic material organized into chromosomes, and an elaborate system of division by mitosis or mei
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Carrier Protein
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A protein responsible for mediating the active transport of molecules from one side of the lipid bilayer to the other. Transport is carried out by a conformational change that occurs within the protein that forms an opening for specific molecules to pass
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centriole
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a structure in an animal cell composed of cylinders of microtubue triplets arranged in a 9+0 pattern; an animal cell usually has a pair of these involved in cell division
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aerobic cellular respiration
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the biochemical pathway that requires oxygen and converts food such as carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and water. During this conversion it releases the chemical bond energy (ATP) as molecules
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Comparative Anatomy
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The study of anatomical features of animals of different species
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Which event is found in mitochondria but not thylakoids (plants)?
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Krebs Cycle
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Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
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protostomes in which body plan became simplified by loss of the coelom later in evo
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cell wall
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a strong supporting layer around the cell membrane. found in plants, algae, fungi, and many prokaryotes. cell wall lies outside membrane. most cell walls are porous enough to allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and certain other substances to pass thru easily
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Steps of ETC:
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1. Electrons flow to acceptors2. Protons pump out of cells, make proton gradient3. ATP synthase allows protons to flow back into cell4. ATP is made
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True or false. Your smell and taste senses are closely related.
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True
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Sodium-potassium pump
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A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.
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M phase
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mitosis + cytokinesis; part of cell cycle
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Plants produce _____ to function as a reward for visiting insects.
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Nectar
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Do the vast majority of animals have backbones?
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no
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Primary growth
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Primary plant growth allows the plant to increase its length. Growth takes place at the meristems, the ends of the plant at which embryonic cell division takes place well into plant maturity. The shoot apical meristems exist at the end of plant shoots while the root apical meristems exist at the end of plant roots.
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seminal vesicle
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either of two small saclike glands, located on each side of the bladder in males, that add nutrient fluid to semen during ejaculation.
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Exotic species
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organisms that are not native to a particular area
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a ___ is an intercellular junction - a gap between two nerves, a nerve and a cell, etc.
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synapse
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The process by which our cells make energy in the form of ATP
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Cellular Respiration
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Define: macromolecule
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A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a condensation reaction.
Polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids are macromolecules.
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compound light microscope
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a microscope that uses light to illuminate a specimen that is then magnified by two lenses
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ampulla
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a bulb-like sac found o the top of each tube foot where water is forced in and out.
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Species Diversity
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relates the number of species in the community to the relative abundance of each species
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What role does gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) play?
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Stimulates release of insulin.
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cell junction
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in plants: pores in the cell wall for communication are called plasmodesmata. in animals: leakproof junctions between cells(water tight) are tight junctions. Adhering junctions are "spot welds" strongly holding cells together. Open channels linking the cytoplasm of neighboring cells are gap junctions.
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In addition to C, H and O, DNA also has a lot of?
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Nitrogen
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What is positive feedback?
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A control system that uses information to increase the rate of change away from set points.
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Octet Rule?
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atoms tend to combine in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shell
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translation initiation complex
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The union of mRNA, initiator tRNA, and a small ribosomal subunit is followed by the attachment of a large ribosomal subunit
Proteins called initiation factors bring all these components together
Energy in the form of a GTP molecule is invested in the formation of the initiation complex.
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What is a corepressor?
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It binds to the repressor protein to activate it (tryptophan)
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Name the clinical procedure: myelography
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X-ray imaging of the spinal canal after injection of contrast medium into the subarachnoid space.
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How do fungi obtain their food?
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They secrete digestive enzymes into their food then absorb it
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Progressive Changes in the Fossil Record
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99% of all species are now extinct.
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what is the purpose of the cell wall?
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This semi-rigid, permeable structure helps the cell maintain shape and resist rupturing when internal fluid pressures rise.
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Where is the blindspot?
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At the optic disc. It is the place where the optic nerves leave the retina. The are NO photoreceptors.
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Which functional group is most responsible for some organic molecules behaving as bases?A. Hydroxyl D. AminoB. Carbonyl E. PhosphateC. Carboxyl
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D is correct. The amino group ( NH2) can act as a base by accepting anotherhydrogen ion (--NH3+)
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what controls the loudness of the voice
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the increase or decrease of the force of air vibrating the vocal cords
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What is necessary in order for a new species to form?
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Gene pools of two new populations must become sperated
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Concatenation
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+
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Reference
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referencememory locationcontiguous memory segmentobjectcellregistry (usually a special case)variable (if the reference is named)
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type single
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32 bits
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calculator + word processor=
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spreadsheet
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class
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in object-oriented programming, a description of a set of similar objects.
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what powered 2nd generation computers
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transistors
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accomplished protrait painters can usually reveala a person s character wit ha few __ strokes of a brush
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deft
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filter
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a process that removes unwanted elements from a collection.
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Message switching
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high delay good line sharing
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Conditional Operation
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These are the "question-asking" instructions of an algorithm. They ask a question, and the next operation is selected on the basis of the answer to that question.
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schema
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organized knowledge that people have of persons places or things
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Gag-order
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Forbid commenting on a court cases that is still in progress
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CPU tasks
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1; fetchin program instructions for memory2; executing those instructions
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scalability
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the ability of an algorithm or hardware system to grow to handle a larger number of inputs
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Goal
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an item (or description of items) being sought in a search.
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Philosophical Logic
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is the classical notion of ‘logic:’ The study of thought and reasoning
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series of user groups of discussion groups, each based on some common interest is called a :
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newsgroup
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Utilities
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provide useful services either to a user or to other system routines
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Binary search trees are faster than hash tables in practice.
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FALSE
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Methods
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– In OO parlance, objects interact by sending
each other messages, also known as
methods.
– A method is a request for an object to
perform one of its operations.
- Tells objects to do stuff.
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molcules of a substance are spread evenly throughout a space
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equilibrium
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Layers of Protocol Standards-Application Layer
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Specific to application: Browsing, email, file transfer (FTP,HTTP,SMTP)Services specific application architecturally "above" network core.
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random access
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describes a data structure or device in which all accesses have the same cost, O(1)
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garbage collection
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the process of collecting garbage for recycling.
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Algorithm
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series of steps that result in the solution to a problem
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Assembly Language
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a symbolic language that can be translated into binary
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Any theorem that can be proved by strong induction can also be proved by weak induction.
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TRUE
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Console Window
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A special text-only window in which Java programs interact with the user.
(The computer displays text on the screen and sometimes waits for the user to type responses- this is known as console or terminal interaction).
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We didn't expect such __ dislike of ocuntry and wester music from a native of nashville
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vehement
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A grammatical error in a programming language that a compiler finds
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syntax error
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Slicing
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if we directly assign an object of a derived class to an object of a base class, we will get a compiler errorif we indirectly assign an object of a derived class to an object of a base class, the parts specific to the derived class will be sliced off, leaving only the parts that exist in the base class
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set difference
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given two sets, the set difference is the set of elements of the first set that are not members of the second set.
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boolean matrix
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a matrix whose elements are 0 or 1
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Sort
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to modify the order of a set of elements sot htat a desired ordering holds between them, e.g. alphabetic order.
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window
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TCP uses this to control flow of data. When a connection is established each end of the connection allocates a buffer to hold incoming data. acks also send back the remaining buffer size...if buffer size equals 0 than the receiver will receive a zero window and must stop sending data
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html code that plays a song when clicked
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<a href="song.wav">song</a>
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What is the column input cell for the two variable data table
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B4
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queue
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set of numbers, first in is first out (FIFO)
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Define Frequency modulation:
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Used as an alternative to Amplitude modulation; when used the amplitude stays fixed and the frequency changes according to the signal. When the noise is stronger the carrier frequency incraeses slightly, and when signal is weaker the carrier frequency decreases slightly
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child
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in a tree, a node pointed to by a parent node.
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equivalence relation
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A relation R on set A is an equivalence relation if it is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.
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DFS takes O(|E| + |V |) time if the graph is represented as an adjacency matrix. |E| is the number of
edges and |V | is the number of vertices(nodes).
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FALSE
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List the 3 standard Web Protocols.
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HTML (hypertext markup language), Uniform Resource Language (URL), HTTP ( Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
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binary tree
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a tree in which each node has at most two children.
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composite
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Let G be a relation from set A to set B, and let F be a relation from B to set C. The composite of F and G, denoted F ◦ G, is the relation of ordered pairs (a, c), a ∈A, c ∈C, such that b ∈ B, (a, b) ∈ G and (b, c) ∈ F
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What is the purpose of HTML?
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A representation statndard used to specify the contents of alayout of a web page
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floating point register single
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s - 1, exp - 8, fraction - 23
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When you change a value in a worksheet to see what effect this change has on a formula's result, you are performing the ____________
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what - if - analysis
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Connects two or more expressions together?
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&& is Logical "And" || is logical "Or"
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How do you create a Scenario Summary Report
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In Data Tools group on the Data Tab, click the what - if - analysis button, and then click Scenario Manager. Click the Summary button, then click the scenario summary option button and select the result cells to display in the report
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