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Definitions |
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pneumocystis drugs
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trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
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Coenocytic Hyphae
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lack hyphae
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Cryptococcus morphology
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Encapsulated yeast
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chitin
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fungi cell wall
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chromomycosis sporulation
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cladosporium-type: branching conidiophores with chains of conidia b) acrotheca or rhinocladiella -type: club-shaped conidiophores with elongate conidia at the upper part c) phialophora - type: vase or urn-shaped conidiophore, flared at top bearing small elliptical conidia
"essential MULTIPLE SPORULATION TYPES"
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Lichen
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always fungi & algae
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septate
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divide to individual cells
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coenocytic
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no cell partitions, "super cell".
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ascomycetes
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-sac fungi
-reproduce asexually by producing vast numbers of spores called CONIDIA
-sexual reproduction involves the production of spores in sacs (asci) at the ends of dikaryotic hyphae usually contained in fruiting bodies called ascocarps
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mutualists
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relationship with plants, algae, cyanobacteria & animals; lichen, commonly as green algae, forms relationship with photosynthetic plants
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Aspergillus treatment
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Generally lethal despite treatment
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Chytridiomycota
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Oldest known fungi; "chytrids"; zoospores; flagella w/o retronemes
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AGE, fever, chills, BM suppression
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Zearalenone
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pileus
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a fruiting structure resembling an umbrella that forms the top of a stalked fleshy fungus such as a mushroom
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Spore
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Reproductive structures of fungi that get dispersed into the environment
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zoospore
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Flagellated spore found in chytrid fungi and some protists.
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Fungi gets the products of photosynthesis
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...
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sporotrichosis
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Pulmonary or disseminated disease: - acquired via inhalation
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zygomycetes
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Can be extremely acute and fulminant.
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Histoplasma virulence factors
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Adherence, intracellular growth; virulence requires budded-to-hyphal transition
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Thallus
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vegetative body of thallophyte; used to designate somatic organization of fungus
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phylogenetically heterogenous but similar in characteristics
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oomycetes & mycomycetes
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Basidium
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reproductive structure on which sexual spores are produced after hyphal fusion; spores don't mature inside mushroom - they do it outside in the gills
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Caspofungin
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Inhibits synthesis of beta-glucan part of cell wall.
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plasmogamy
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when hyphae from two different mating types meet; in sexual reproduction
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hypha
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One of many connected filaments that collectively make up the mycelium of a fungus.
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Endomycorrhizal
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extend hyphae through the cell walls of root cells
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hyphae
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filaments that make fungi body; consit of tubular cell walls around plasma membrane and cytoplasm
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crytpotoccus spores type production
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production of blastospores only.
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Which species of fungi can colonize the respiratory tract, leading to long-term hypersensitivity I reactions?
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Aspergillus
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Aseptic Hyphae
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Zygomycetes; no crosswalls; no control of water balance; live in damp conditions bcz of lack of water control; Can be up to 10 microns
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mycorrhizae
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~mutalism w/ fungi ~found in 90% plants ~hyphae penetrate roots which allows more uptake by plant and energy for hyphae ~critical for normal ecosystem function especially farming
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The fungal phyla that has coenocytic hyphae is called
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Zygomycota
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chytrid
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any of the simple, algaelike fungi constituting the class Chytridiomycetes, order Chytridiales, of aquatic and soil environments, having flagellated zoospores and little or no mycelium.
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Conidia
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A naked, asexual spore produced at the ends of hyphae in ascomycetes
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coencytic
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what kind of hyphae are aseptate, and consist of a continuous cytoplasmic mass with many nuclei?
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cryptococcus test
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cerebrospinal fluid is the specimen of choice
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Fungal Ecology
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Major moderators of carbon cycle; have to degrade lignin to get to cellulose (more complex) so CO2 can be released; most organisms cannot break lignin; brown wood rotting fungi
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fungi and animals
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molecular genetic studies suggust a common ancestor related to plants
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What pathologic structure can Aspergillus cause?
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Lung nodules...can be fatal
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dikaryotic
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the two nuclei may pair up in cells and divide in tandem, forming what kind of cells?
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Histoplasma portal of entry
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Inhalation of conidia from soil contaminated with bird or bat droppings
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Patient presents with dark black patches on the soles of her hands and feet. KOH prep reveals brown-colored branched septate hyphae and budding yeast cells. Suspect?
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Exophiala werneckii (Tinea nigra)
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What yeast causes a vast majority of mucocutaneous disease?
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Candida albicans
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blasto mold
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septate hyphae, white colony in 3 - 4 weeks.ii. formation of oval microconidia.
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where is the spores produced on the basidiospore
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in the gills
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How do Subcutaneous fungal infections gain entrance?
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Usually gain entrance to skin via trauma.
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dimorphic fungi (coccoides is the exception)
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itraconzaole + ampB (except 1 which adds fluconazole)
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what are some of the characteristics of the the fungi that cause sstemic diseases in humans?
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1) all are dimorphic-- grow as mycelial forms at 25C (and release spores) on agar, but at 37C grow in yeast form
2) Have a certain geography niche
3) Acquired by inhalation (never transmitted person to person) usually spores are aerosolized from soil, bird droppings, or vegetation
affect Lung, skin, bone and Meniges
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