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feign
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to pretend
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Integrate
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Bringing races together
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Propaganda
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spreading of information-facts, arguments, rumors, half-truths, or lies- to influence public opinion.
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SCLC
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Southern Christian Leadership Conference, churches link together to inform blacks about changes in the Civil Rights Movement, led by MLK
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Riots
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Public disorder or violence.
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NAACP
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
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Freedom Schools
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-temporary, volunteer-run institutions which focused on political and civic education for Southern blacks.
-run by COFO
-raised political consciousness among primarily poor and rural blacks, enabling them to register when they could, and when they could not, to participate in politics in some other fashion, such as participating in mock "Freedom Elections" in which participants "voted" for the MFDP.
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discrimination
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prejudiced or prejudicial outlook, action, or treatment
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Affirmative Action
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Government-mandated programs that seek to create special employment opportunities for blacks, women and other victims of past discrimination.
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Where was MLK, Jr Born
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Atlanta, GA
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EEOC
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Enforces laws to prevent unfair treatment on the job due to sex, race, color, religion, national origin, disability, or age.
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Bobby Seale
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co-founded Black Panthers, black violent radical civil rights activist, Chicago 8
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Woolworths
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a segregated lunch counter in Greensboro , NC
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Fall 1963
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Blacks boycott schools in several northern cities to protest de facto segregation.
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Brown v Topeka
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desegregated schools, and overturned Plessy vs Ferguson
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Jackie Robinson
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broke color barrier for brooklyn dodgers; impact because blacks started joining major league sports
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Kerner Commission
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federal committee which studied urban violence and found it resulted from racism by whites
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Racism
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any action, practice, or belief that reflects the ideology that some races are innately superior to others
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segregation
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A social system that provides separate facilities for minority groups
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Sharecropping
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system in which landowners leased a few acres of land to farmworkers in return for a portion of their crops
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Medicaid
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Helps poor people pay for their medical bills.
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Sit-in
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nonviolent protests in which a person sits and refuses to leave
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Thurgood Marshall
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American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. Marshall was a tireless advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor.
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quota programs
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programs that guarantee a certain percentage of admissions, new hires, or promotions to members of minority groups
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Integration
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The action of incorporating a racial or religious group into a community.
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greensboro sit-in
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black students politely order food from restraunt, not served, sat in place for days & days, gathering supporters.
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Special Immigrants
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persons admissible without regard to any numerical restriction-alien spouses or parents
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Huey Newton/Bobby Seale
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militant founder/leader of the Black Panthers
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Sit-ins
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A form of nonviolent protests in which participants occupied spaces in the White areas of segregated restaurants until they were served.
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Earl Warren
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Chief Justice on the Supreme Court from 1953 to 1969, presided over the Brown V. Board of Education case
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de facto segregation
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Racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of patterns of residential settlement.
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Elizabeth Eckford
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fifteen year-old girl turned away from school by National Guardsmen & students; on the first day of school, she traveled alone while the oter LR9 went as a group
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Plessy Vs. Ferguson
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(1896) The Court ruled that segregation was not discriminatory (did not violate black civil rights under the Fourteenth Amendemnt) provide that blacks received accommodations equal to those of whites.
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Malcolm X
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after being released from prison for burgarly, he became an Islamic minister
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Birmingham
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four girls were killed in a church bombing, site of the children's campaign
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glass ceiling
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often subtle obstacles to advancing in a career that women encounter on the job
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Freedom Rides
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a series of political protests against segregation by Blacks and Whites who rode buses together through the American South in 1961
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William G. Anderson
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doctor, led Albany Movement in Georgia, fought against hospital segregation
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Black Panthers
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a group of black militants who believed in using violence and self defense when necessary against white racism.
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tribal lands
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in the 60s-70s native americans tried to protect this
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strict scrutiny
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a level of judicial review that requires the government to prove that the racial classification of the law or practice in question is narrowly tailored
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Freedom Summer
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In 1964, when blacks and whites together challenged segregation and led a massive drive to register blacks to vote.
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Selma March
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three marches in 1965 that marked the political and emotional peak of the American civil rights movement.
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
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reduced barriers that prevented African Americans from voting. amendment 15
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Brown Vs. Board of Education
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To de-segrate schools. Segregated anything is not okay, and "separate but equal" here still considered not okay.
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Who said, "I Have a dream."?
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Martin Luther King Jr.
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W.E.B. DuBois
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first black to earn PhD from Harvard and tells blacks that Washington is wrong, they are as good as whites
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Black Nationalism
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A belief in the separate identity and racial unity of the African American community.
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Brown v. BOE
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Said separate but equal schools are inherently unequal, racial desegregation
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Bloody Sunday
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March, 7, 1965. Part of State Troopers attacked people in the march. This was nationally broad casted.
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I have A Dream
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MLK's famous speech, detailing his ideal for America.
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White supremacy
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Most whites, even those in the North and many abolitionists believed the white race to be superior to the black race. Whites reinforced their superiority by providing better education for themselves than blacks and keeping good jobs away from blacks. This kept control in the hands of whites
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Poll tax
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A tax imposed on adults as a requirement for voting
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Fannie Lou Hamer
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one of the MFDP's leaders, gave powerful testimony.
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Civil Rights Act, 1957
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Established a Civil Rights Commission (CRC) to protect individuals rights to equal protection and permitted courts to grant injunctions in support of the CRC.
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Rochin v California
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Reinforced the idea of procedural due process.
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Banned segregation in public places such as hotels and theaters. Also created Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to prevent job discrimination. Segregation was now illegal
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Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
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MFDP; all new voters; sent delegates to national convention
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Brown v. Board of Education
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1954; overturned Plessy v. Fergueson; Ends de jure segregation in government (schools).
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CIvil Rights Act of 1968
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- prohibited discrimination in the sale of rental of housing
- strengthened anti lynching laws
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Medgar Evers
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NAACP Leader who was shot by a city council men.
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the voting rights act of 1965. he had a war on poverty in his agenda. in an attempt to win, he set a few goals, including the great society, the economic opportunity act, and other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy famillies. he also created a department of housing and urban development. his most important legislation was probably medicare and medicaid.
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James Merideth
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First black to go to Old Miss. Only could go after federal court said he could. (graduated)
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Brown v. Board of Ed
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groundbreaking Supreme Court case in 1954 ruling that public schools could not be separated by race.
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Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
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State law may not ban sexual relations between same-sex partners
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Booker T. Washington
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Former slave. Give a little to get a little. Cooperation, not confrontation. **Atlanta Compromise
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
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An organization formed by WEB DuBois and other reformers, in 1909, to help fight segregation and fight for the rights of African Americans.
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who was the first black to be on us supreme court?
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thurgood marshall
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What did W.E.B. DuBois think of Booker T. Washington & Marcus Garvey?
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not strong enough, dangerous enemy
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NAACP - National Association for Advancement of Colored People
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worked hard in courts to challenge segregation laws
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Give a short description of the 19th amendment?
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Women have the right to vote.
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