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Definitions |
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machinery
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Maschine(n)
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helado
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frozen
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Land CO2
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30%
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Signs of change
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...
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Ice and bare land
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reflectors
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altitude
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level about sea level
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UVC
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shortest wavelength and most energetic, breaks down O2 making each O combine w/ O2 to create ozone, highly absorbed in stratosphere
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Paleoclimatology
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tree rings- thickness shows fluctuations in temp.
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borrar bosques
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to cut down trees
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ozone shield
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Ozone layer in the stratosphere
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La Niña
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Cooler water and drought conditions.
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climate
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the average weather in a region
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Major Greenhouse gases
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H20, co2, and o
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Arid
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desert with little precipitation , usually less than 25 centimeters a year.
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Interglacial Epochs
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Warm periods during the Pleistocene Epoch in which global sea levels are high.
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sunspot
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relatively dark, cool regions on the surface of the sun.
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Semiarid
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little precip. 16" a year, summers hot, winters mild- cold, sometimes produce snow, found in interior of continents or zones around deserts and contain some of the most productive agricultural lands in world
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Types of Albedo
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• Clouds 40~90%
• Vegetation 10~15%
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Which of the following processes or objects remove carbon from the atmosphere?
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oceans
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Pangaea
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the single giant landmass that existed more than 200 million years ago and that gave rise to the present-day continents
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Maritime Climate
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Weather pattterns found along the coast
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seasons
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periods of the year with specific weather conditions
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15 degrees C
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long term temperature of the Earth
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carbon footprint
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the amount of carbon dioxide produced by a particular person or group. The more you pollute, the bigger your carbon footprint.
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Short Wave radiation
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type of radiation that enters earth
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Tilted Axis
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Different areas of Earth reciev more direct sunlight because of
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Greenhouse Gases
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A gas composed of molecules that absorb and reradiate infared radiation from the sun
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Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
• 1 m/yr; 10x
• The difference is between the input and the output.
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...
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upwelling
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upward flow of deep water to the surface because the deep water is less dense than the surface water
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Ice Age
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a cold period in Earth's history during which glaciers covered large parts of the surface
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carbon dioxide
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It is invisible, odourless, and a naturally occurring gas from oceans, volcanoes, rotting vegetation, plant respiration, and combustion?
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Convection
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the vertical movement of heat or other properties by massive motion within the atmosphere, the transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion
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marine climate
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occurs near the ocean, usually along the west coasts of continents. Temperatures do not drop very far at night. Summers and winters are mild. Marine climates recieve steady precipitation because winds blowing off the ocean bring moisture to the atmosphere.
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what do ipcc stand for
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intergovermental panel on climate chnage
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rain forest
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a forest in the tropical wet climate zone
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rain forests
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forests in which large amounts of rain fall year-round
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Air pollution
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• Help darkens the snow and ice surface, increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
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Name three things that scientists study to determine what previous climates on Earth were like.
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Corals, Ocean/Marine Sediment, Historic data from journals farmers and other people kept before the age of modern science.
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El Nino
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a climate event in the Pacific Ocean during which winds shift and push warm water toward the coast of South America
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The Greenhouse Effect
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the process by which the Earth's atmosphere traps heat for a period of time; controls the Earth's temperature. pg. 137
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ocean currents
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streams of water witin the oceans that move in regular patterns
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Questions to think about
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• Ice melting rapidly?
• What type causes sea level to rise?
o What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far
• What are the impacts of melting ice?
o On nature
o On humans
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examples of non renewable resources
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coal, oil, natural gas, petroleum, gasoline
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Factors that influence precipitatation
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prevailing winds and the presence of mountains.
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Contributions to CO2 from different activities?
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• Industry 40%
• Buildings 31%
• Transportations 22%
• Agriculture 4%
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Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
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• Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest, and with those plants migrating towards the north, they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
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Why have there been sudden peaks in CO2 levels these past thousands of years?
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Humans burn fossil fuels, cause deforestation, cause urbanization, cause ocean pollution, clear land for livestock, and have an increased need for transportation, all adding CO2 to the atmosphere. This makes it even harder for the insolation to leave because it is just adding a heavier layer onto the atmosphere.
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what happend to the CFCs when they rise into the atmosphere and interact with UV radiation
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the CFCs molecules break apart, part of the CFC molecule destroy protective ozone
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