Complete List of Terms and Definitions for comm exam 3
| Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
| Transitions | wipes, dissolves |
| Second LIfe | online community |
| Scriptoria | -religious texts-hand-copied by monks-COPYING ROOMS of monasteries---Iluminated manuscripts- religious texts with pictures and calligraphy |
| Thomas Edison | Who invented the phonograph? |
| provide basic expectations of behaviors of group members under specific circumstances. Most norms found within groups are considered implicit | Norms |
| Eros Love | romantic, passionate, sexual attraction |
| Technical Interference | difficult to receive messages |
| Pulitzer | Who did Nelly Bly work for? |
| Supportive FTAs | Supportive FTA= call in-group membership into questionExamples: brushing a student off as not a serious student, the professor would just throw him to the side. |
| increases exposure to other cultures | Intercultural communication: |
| Live or action modeled(3D) | Models and Miniatures |
| VHF Antennas |
(4) AS-4336 (AN/SRC-54) -2 on Stubmast -2 on Mainmast on each Yardarm (2) NT - 66095 (GRC-211) -on stubmast |
| false cause | implies a cause-effect relationship where none exists ('ice cream sales go up, shark attacks' its summer) |
| Operational Variable |
-Definition of Variable -describe the precise/exact way a variable is measured |
| Colombia Records | Which company started the beginnings of CBS? |
| values | are extent to which audience members attach important or worth to those beliefs |
| When indivduals pay attention to certain messages and ignore others, this is called:a. message-perception gapb.selective perceptionc.active listeningd.circular response | selective perception |
| shield laws | legislation that defines the rights of a reporter to protect sources |
| Define Grave Dressing. | last phase of relationship dissolution in which they communicate to get over the relationship. To do so they engage in retrospection, and present the "break up" story to their acquaintances. |
| -Nikelodeons-1905- first true theatre built in pittsburgh | Sound in Film |
| Dyadic Effect | when one person discloses something about themselves, their partner reciprocates with something at the same level of disclosure |
| Attention | requires energy to focues out the noise to attend to the communication |
| To Dynaton | dynamic. It is constantly changing, therefore, anything is possible. Rhetoric is constantly changing. Poulakis was this author. |
| LIBEL | a form of character defamation that, when broadcast, is false. the def. of libel vary from state to state. |
| Nely Bly | _____ ______ was known for stunt journalism like around the world in 72 days. |
| canned news | press releases designed to be inserted into newspaper feature or editorial sections with no charge. |
| citizen of democracy | better communicator and public speaker means have the tools to become more informed |
| topic mappying is a kind of ______ technique:a. brainstormingb. word assocationc. listingd. persuasive | brainstorming |
| mass communication | the process by which a complex organization, with the aid of one or more machines, produces and transmits public messages that are directed at large, heterogenous, and scattered audiences |
| Concurrent Testing | Testing done while the advertising is appearing in the media. You evaluate the media strategy. Where should we say it? When should we say it? How should promotion offers be delivered? When and where should other activities occur? |
| Cultivation analysis | -Georger Gerbner-Watching a lot of tv cultivates a view of the world like that seen on the screen. |
| Analog Telephone System -Answering a call: the sound wave is converted to electrical signal through a microphone; the electrical current is transformed to sound through the speaker -Dialing methods: *Mechanical-each dialing is 10 pulses per second *Tone-the tone key causes a dual frequency signal to be placed on the line, the dual frequencies mix with each other. -Bandwidth: sound signal is 4 khz for phone operation; voice signal is 200-3,400khz for phone conversation. -Transmission Links: metallic, twisted pair, coaxial cable, microwave -Telephone networks: local area network, exchange area network, telecommunications services (WATS) and local access transport area (LATA)Digital Telephone System -Time division muliplexing *Transmission: pulse code modulation is used to convert analog signal to digital signal; voice signal (4khz) is sampled -CODEC: analog-to-digital conversion using pulse code modulation (coder-decoder)Cellular Radio and Paging Services -Mobile telephone service (MTS): a high power central antenna receives the individual radio signals from the mobile phone set and links the signal to a local phone central switching office through a landline; the central antenna also receives signals from the phone center and retransmits the signals over-the-air to the mobile phone sets. -Cellular radio service: modulo control units in the mobile phone set controls the cell site dialing process by sending the dialed signal to a mobile telephone switching office which further connects the signal to a local phone switching office; each cell covers 1-8 miles in radius; a handing-off process enables the reuse of vacated channels within each cell; top 30 markets have 2 franchises (one must be a phone company)and the remaining markets are licensed through a lotter system. -Other mobile communication services: improved mobile telephone service, special mobile radio, two-way radio dispatch network, radio paging service (local area network and wide area network services are both available now)Fibre Optics Communications -Dispersion effect: stepped-index multimode fiber, stepped-index single mode fiber and graded-index multimode (the changes in the regractive index between the core and cladding cause the dispersion effect at different degrees for each type of fibre) -components: connectors (larger-core fibres) splices (smaller-core fibres) couplers (mono-mode fibres) splitters (large-core fibres) combiners (large-core fibre)Videotex, electronic male, teletext and protocols -videotex technology: a central computer connects individual terminals through phone lines or coaxial cable systems (two-way cable systems) -Databases: service providers (operate mainframe computer that stores and distribute database informoation) and information providers (various institutions that provide databases) -Teletext technology: over-the-air broadcast text system, one way communication -transmitting: use vertical blanking intervals (VBIs) to transmit text signals; can also use a full TV channel for transmission -transmission links: any standard over-the-air broadcast TV channel can be used -receiving: a keypad can be used to select the VBI lines and a decoder stores the information carried in the lines selected and displays the information on the TV screen. -databases: service providers (tv networks/stations or cable operators) and information providers (various institutions that provide databases)Computer Systems -components: memory (ROM, RAM, and PROM), input/output devices and processor (CPU) -logic gates: perform arithmetic functions to make logical decisions -integrated circuits: small scale integration (SSI), medium scale (MSI), large scale (LSI) and ver large scale integration. -binary codes: EBCDIC (8 bit code/the 8th bit is a parity bit); ASCII (7 bit or 8 bit code)Computer Networks -Time-sharing networks: multiple terminals are connected to the central computer through phone lines or radio links. -offline system (non-realtime communication) -online batch-processing (non-realtime comm_ -online realtime systems (OLRT) -Distributed computer networks: -central network: the CPU is a very large-scale integration unit that connects individual computer terminals -Non-centralized distributed networks: alternative comm links (logic channels or virtual connections) are established to connect two computer terminals -Network components: *remote terminals *modems *comm links (i.e. phone lines, microwave, satellite, or cable links) *central computer *node *bridge *gateway *host computer *relaysData Communication Systems -System structure: source (remote terminals), medium transmission links, sing (receivers) and modem (modulator/demodulator) -Types of terminals: typewriter or keyboard, video, transaction (banking, retail point of sale, checkout), intelligent, and specialized terminals -data transmission formats: asynchronous and synchronous transmission methods -data network switching: circuit switching, message-switching, and packet-switching methods -badnwidth classification: narrowband (0-300hz), voiceband (300-3,500hz) and broadband or wideband (over 3,500hz) -Internet applications: email, web advertising, webct, myspace, newsgroups, IRC, etcTheory-Diffusion, knowledge gap/digital divide, dual effects conceptions (pros and cons for each new medium) social interaction theory, telepresence | |
| prediction making | when you say something you already have a prediction on what or how that person will respond |
| Downward Communication | flow of communication from top to bottom of workers - best if oral & written |
| TEMPLATE | the screen format of a news computer system. the template provides a place for information and newswriting. |
| ○ Conclusion claim Indicators | include therefore, so, consequently, it follows that, and so forth, they introduce statements by relating them to other, less arguable statements |
| Bill Bernbach | One of Three Founders of Doyle Dan Bernhach Advertising |
| What is a broadcast-style video script? | short, concise, assertive phrasing |
| According to Semantic Space theory, signs have meaning in 3-dimensional space, name them. | Evaluation, Potency, and Activity |
| 27. The belief acquired by massive exposure to violent media fare causing people to fear violent crime. | Mean world syndrome |
| By looking at statements such as the following "I am lying," ________ _______(a person) developed a theory of logical types. | Bertrand Russell |
| Synecdoche | a part of something stands in for the whole |
| cultural forum | A framework by which society is able to assess how the public is affected by media. The response that public gives back to media producers. |
| I Love Lucy | What was the first television show to employ a three campera technique? |
| Agenda framing | media DO tell us what to think AND how to think about it |
| Grand Theft Auto | In Great Britain, when the game came out a man claimed that playing the game was a factor in him killing 3 police officers. Hurt Educational development: Decline in reading pleasure, addiction, Support: eye hand coordination, intricate stories they command |
| in 2006 how much did americans spend on sexually explicit entertainment? | nearly 13 billion |
| Gestalt Law of Proximity | Elements that are close to each other spatially are perceived as belonging together - Group the elements that belong together close to each other. (check out most homepages, different categories are seperated by spacial intervals) |
| 6 Why do semantic antinomies occur? | Contradiction between the levels of communication. (object vs. meta) |
|
What is lightness and how is it measured? |
Color lightness reproduces the perception of light intensity, the illumination of a color. It is defined in percentages from 0% to 100%. 100% = generates the color white 0% = generates the color black 50% = corresponds to the pure hue The higher the lightness the lighter the effect, the lower the lightness the heavier the effect. |
| ○ Robert’s Rule of Order | ■ Only one proposal or claim can be considered at a time. If someone proposes a motion with a dual idea, the motion should be divided into separate motions that can be debated separately |
| Some countries are more strict on child advertising |
Greece no TV ads for toys before 10:00pm Belgium no ads during kids' TV programming Australia, Canada, & England No ads directly targeting preschoolers Sweden no TV adv directly targeting kids <12 |
| Emergence | expressed conflict |
| Intelligence | increases your accuracy |
| Experimenting | experimenting with basic relationship |
| Metropolis | Which film epitomizes German expressionism? |
| Taxonomy | A list of related topics |
| Paralanguage | -the nonverbal elements of communication used to modify meaning and convey emotion-vocal cues (volume, rate and fluency, pitch, quality, power) |
| Public Distance | 12 ft or more |
| Beatles sell albums in what year? | 1960s |
| Information Gathering. | Consider other viewpoints, browse company files, check with supervisors or colleagues, ask audience for input. |
| gatekeepers | individuals who decide whether a given message will be distributed by a mass medium |
| 2. Marketing consists of actions taken to build and maintain desirable ________ with target audiences involving a product, service, idea, or other object. a. exchange relationships b. exchange transactions c. exchange communication | Answer: a |
| External: Environmental Factors | government, social considerations, reseller reactions, economic conditions that influence buyer perceptions of price and value |
| democrative | members participate fully in the decision making process-when you need to buy in |
| Inquiry | holding conversations where we openly share ideas and develop knowledge about each other's assumptions |
| Radiohead | Which band introduced the concept of buyers setting a price for a cd? |
| human perspective | we have responsibility to ourselves and to others to be open, gentle, compassionate, and critically reflective of our choices |
| The most enduring skill taught throughout human history is:a.writingb.public speakingc.readingd.math | public speaking |
| public journalism | the philosophy that newspapers should try to solve civic problems as well as report the news |
| Advocacy | the activity of promoting or opposing an idea in public settings |
| -Recording industry relies on rock-1988 50% of music sold is rock-Today 25.7% of music sold is rock-#2 is country with 14.1%-75% make a profit in this business | TV and radio |
| most frequently as examples and statistics | factual evidence |
| gunnysacking | takes on with an relationship when someone has built up massive amounts of emotion, then when he or she says something innocent, you explode!!! |
| Phronesis | display of good thinking and relevant knowledge |
| Myths about creativity |
-mysterious that can't be learned -only a few are creative -creativity just happens |
| William Paley | The head of CBS is ______ ______ |
| press kit | a collection of publicity items given out to media gatekeepers |
| interactional model |
the sharing of meaning with feedback that links source and receiver - emphasizes the two-way comm. process between communicators - ongoing process - feedback is essential - field of experience influences communication |
| selecting a ______ for a speech is often the most difficult part of preparing a public speech:a. thesis statementb. topicc. general purposed. specific purpose | topic |
| Ratings-Nielsen | run the people meters, test and look for ratings, channels determine how much they can use for advertising |
| Structure | Element of web design. This is the navigation system. |
| Local Ads | Direct action message- designed to get consumers to purchase a product or engage in a behavior. |
| a proposal that something should continue because it has traditionally existed or been done that way | appeal to tradition |
| slippery slope | once one thing happens, many others will follow. usually bad. |
| Framing | present info from a certain point of view |
| info bulima | binge and purge cycle of info processing (cram for the quiz then forget it) |
| ● Value Systems |
described as having three significant characteristics: value content, value structure, and value consensus ○ An enduring organization of beliefs concerning preferred modes of conduct or end states of existence according to their relative importance |
| Edward Bernays (1891-1995( | Nephew of Sigmund Freud, invented the press release. Manipulating public opinion (1928) |
|
How many levels of intensity can each RGB color take on? Based on that number how many displayable colors are available from the mix? |
256 16 million |
| Prime-Time Access Rule | Rule adopted in 1970 intended to extend program diversity by barring network programs from the 7:30-8:00 pm (EST) time slot |
| Mountain Home Farms is now using the product/market expansion grid. The owners have found it to be quite useful for identifying ________. a. target markets b. suppliers c. key customers d. new products e. growth opportunitie | Answer: e |
| Advantages of intermediaries | lower number of contacts, less chances to mess up, efficiency, specialization, create value, competitive advantage |
| Scarcity | the more rare an object is the more you're going to want it |
| mashup remix culture | ownership lines blurred as DJ blends song together, enabled by technology |
| Define: The situation comedy | Sitcoms reflect how we view the concept of family in America. Examples: I Love Lucy (1951-1957), The Honeymooners, All in the Family (1971) |
| Distinguish between influenceability and persuasibility. | Persuasibility is part of a larger condition influenceabilty |
| 2 types of meaning for symbols and their meanings |
1.denotative- definition 2.conotative- personal meaning or understanding. |
| PASSIVE VOICE | verb form in which the thing or person responsible for the action follows the verb. |
| What are the characteristics of post-industrial life? | The switch from manufacturing to service industries in western societies, leading to more specialized jobs and expertise. Increased prevalence of higher education that leads to disversified interests and viewpoints.Growth of the information industry, including mass media and information technology. |
| Price and the Marketing Mix | only element to produce revenues, most flexible element, can be changed quickly |
| What is the relationship between zapping and clutter? | As clutter increases, so does the viewers tendency to escape ads via the remote control. |
| Unintended effects of stereotyping in adv |
Tells us what products signify & mean Convey social norms and perceptions of individuals & groups Marginalization & invisibility Perceptions of societal roles |
| What was the dominant understanding of "cinema" in the 20th century? |
"truth 24 frame per second" an aura of reality rather than creating the "never-was" |
