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Protectorate
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Country/territory with own internal government but under control of outside power;
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Raj
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British dominion over India (1757-1947)
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sepoy mutiny
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discontent with British administration in India led to numerous mutinies in 1857 and 1858
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Aglo-Persian Oil Company
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British corporation; Developed Persia's rich oil fields;
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Cash Crops
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Crops grown for a profit
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robert clive
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British general and statesman whose victory at Plassey in 1757 strengthened British control of India (1725-1774)
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algeria
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a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea with a population that is predominantly Sunni Muslim FRANCE
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extraterritoriality
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Foreign residents in a country living under the laws of their native country, disregarding the laws of the host country. 19th/Early 20th Centuries: European and US nationals in certain areas of Chinese and Ottoman cities were granted this right.
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David Livingstone
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Scottish; Minister; went to research central africa; never came back; found dead on the shores of lake langeanyilea;
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Whit Man's Burden
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racist patronizing that preached "superior" Westerners needed to bring culture
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british east india company
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Government charted joint-stock company that controlled spice trade in the East Indies after the Dutch. Owned all of India
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French Indochina
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the French colonies of Cambodia and Laos and Vietnam were formerly organized as French Indochina
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Rudyard Kipling
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English author of novels and poetry who was born in India (1865-1936); British writer who wrote of "the white man's burden" and justified imperialism
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King Leopold II
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King of Belgium; Controlled Congo River Valley lands; Motive ti abolish slavery;
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Suez Canal
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a ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea
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India
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jewel of the British Empire; ruled by British Parliament in London after Sepoy Mutiny in 1858
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Dr. Sun Yat-sen
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revolutionary that tried to overthrow Manchu dynasty and establish republic; started Chinese nationalist movement
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spheres of influence
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areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China)
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White Man's Burden
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idea that many European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those less civilized
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boxer rebellion
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A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country.
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"White Man's Burden"
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idea that many European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those less civilized, "It's a burden to have to civilize the uncivilized"
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Treaty of Nanjing
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1842, ended Opium war, said the western nations would determine who would trade with china, not china, so it set up the unequal treaty system which allowed western nations to own a part of chinese territory and conduct trading business in china under their own laws. This treaty set up 5 treaty ports where westerners could live, work, and be treated under their own laws. One of these were Hong Kong.
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Mohammed Ali Pasha
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was an Albanian commander in the Ottoman army who became Wāli, and self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. Though not a modern nationalist, he is regarded as the founder of modern Egypt because of the dramatic reforms in the military, economic and cultural spheres that he instituted. He also ruled Levantine territories outside Egypt. The dynasty that he established would rule Egypt and Sudan until the Egyptian Revolution of 1952.
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Sphere of Influence
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Area in which outside power claims investment or trading privileges;
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King Mongkut
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King of siam; tried to modernize siam; started schools, reformed legal system, reorganized government; abloished slavery; culture remained stable, free from outside control;
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Germany after Berlin Conference
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took Cameroon, Togo, southwest Africa, and East Africa
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battle of omdurman
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a battle (1898) in which an English and Egyptian army under Kitchener defeated the Sudanese
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Anglo- Egyptian Sudan
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referred to the manner by which Sudan was administered between 1899 and 1956, when it was a condominium of Egypt and the United Kingdom.
With the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, Egypt and Sudan's economic and strategic importance increased exponentially, attracting the imperial attentions of the Great Powers, particularly the United Kingdom.
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Treaty of Nanking
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result of the Opium War (Britain vs China); forced China to cede Hong Kong to Britain; open up trade
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Dutch East India company
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A company founded by the Dutch in the early 17th century to establish and direct trade throughout Asia. Richer and more powerful than England's company, they drove out the English and Established dominance over the region. It ended up going bankrupt and being bought out by the British
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Isma'il
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Grandson of Muhammad; supported building a suez canal; reform efforts almost bankrupt the country;
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Sino-Japanese War
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revealed China's helplessness triggering rush for colonization
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karl marx
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German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary. With the help and support of Friedrich Engels he wrote The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital (1867-1894). These works explain historical development in terms of the interaction of contradictory economic forces, form the basis of all communist theory, and have had a profound influence on the social sciences. Das Kapital
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sepoy
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An Indian soldier serving under British command.
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Belgian Congo
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Leopold II established trading stations and claimed land for Belgium
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Social Darwinism
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The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.
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egypt protectorate
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Britain Exterted force on occupying Egypt claimng it a temperary protectorate, pursuing intresets in Sudan, they claimed it was temporary but controled the the country despite Ottoman possesion 1883
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Crimea
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region in southwest russia on the black sea
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Bengal
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Region of northeastern India. It was the first part of India to be conquered by the British in the eighteenth century and remained the political and economic center of British India throughout the nineteenth century.(812)
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opium wars
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war between Great Britain and China, began as a conflict over the opium trade, ended with the Chinese treaty to the British- the opening of 5 chinese ports to foreign merchants, and the grant of other commercial and diplomatic privileges
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cape colony
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a former province of southern South Africa that was settled by the Dutch in 1652 and ceded to Great Britain in 1814
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Leopold II of Belgium
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Monarch who commissioned reporter Henry Stanley to obtain land in the Congo in his name
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Taiping Rebellion
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The most destructive civil war before the twentieth century. A Christian-inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing Empire. 1854-1868 peasant led 14 year-long rebellion in China; demanded equality, no private propery, dividing of harvest (they lost)
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Imperialism
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A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically; a policy of extending your rule over foreign countries
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Boer War
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Boer vs. Britain for control of territory in Africa
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Berlin Conference (1845-1885)
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agreement among 14 European nations; claim required telling other nations and proving control; only Liberia and Ethiopia were independent of European control;
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New Imperialism
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colonized Asian and Africa by using military force to take control of local governments; wanted new markets, raw materials, missionary work, military bases
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kruger telegram
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1896, William II sent Kruger of the Transvaal a congratulatory telegram upon hearing of the failure of the Jamison Raid. Alerted Britain of the dangers from Germany.
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Spanish-American War
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US vs Spain in Cuba & Philippines; less than 3 months; resulted in Cuba's independence & US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, & Philippines;
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Ottoman Empire
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a Muslim empire that lasted from the early 1400s until after WWI
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J. A. Hobson
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critic of imperialism who believed it only benefitted wealthy
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Italy after Berlin Conference
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took Libya; failed to take Ethiopia
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Scramble for africa
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Sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the 1880s and 1890s. Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa. Other countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts. (p. 731)
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Opium War (1839- 1842)
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War between Britain and the Qing Empire that was, in the British view, occasioned by the Qing government's refusal to permit the importation of opium into its territories. The victorious British imposed the one-sided Treaty of Nanking on China.
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Ram Mohan Roy
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Know as the "Father of Modern India"; Campaigned to move India from traditional ideas/practices;
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Fashoda Incident (1898)
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France and Britain nearly went to war over Sudan; France backed down in the face of the Dreyfus affair
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