Complete List of Terms and Definitions for InteriorDesignReferenceManual 2

Terms Definitions
modular casework prefab cabinets
greengaurd non profit, industry independent-tests indoor products for emissions for VOC, formaldehyde, aldehydes, respirable particles, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and carbon dioxide-maintains a registry that passing products are added to -products include building materials, furnishings, cleaning and maintenance products, electronic equipment, personal care products
conduit for conductors required in commercial/multi-familysupports and protects the wiring, serves as a system ground, and protects surrounding construction from fire
residential stud spacing 16" on center
electroplating process produces high levels of pollution and byproducts-alternatives include powder coating & plastic polymer coating-finishes should be removed prior to recycling
LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Green Building Rating Systemconsensus based building rating system designed to accelerate the development and implementation of green building practicesdeveloped by USGBC - national coalition of leaders from all aspects of the building industryadopted in US and Canada
NFPA 701 flammability of window treatments2 types of tests based on weight of fabricspass or fail
sprinklers required in buildings over 75' high
details smaller scale components of interior construction.serve the following purposes:1. role of connecting the larger components of design together2. solve functional problems3. ehance the design intent
departmental workflow hierachical, one group controlling work divided into separate departments
masonry brick, concrete block, glass block, structural clay tile, terra-cotta, gypsum block. typically part of architect's scope of work.
astragal vertical members used between double doors to seal the opening, act as a door stop, or provide extra security when the door is closed - may be attached to one leaf, or may be a separate unit. if they are exit doors and the astragal is attached, a coordinator is required so that they close in sequence
sandstone cleaved from original rock, called flagstone with a naturally rough surfacecan be sawcut into regular shapes
building commissioning for LEED certification, this is important part of the process.a commissioning team must be used and cannot include individuals directly responsible for the project design or construction management
ASTM E648 tests flooring for flame spreadsame test as NFPA 253watts per sq meter, higher the number, the more resistant the materialClass I - hospitals, nursing homes, detention facilitiesClass II - other spacesIBC allows Class II materials in sprinklered buildings where Class I may otherwise be req
elements of controlling smoke *containment (compartmentation) with fire dampers, automatic closing fire doors*exhaust-mechanically exhausting smoke from the building*dilution
define form form relates to the existing conditions in the space, the physical and psychological enviroment of the interior, and the quality of construction.
budgeting budgeting is an ongoing activity, and is revised as decisions are made throughout the project.
glazing the process of installing glass in framing and the framing itself
balance match utilizes veneer pieces that are trimmed to equal widths
solid surfacing standard thickness is 3/4" for countertops, lower priced available at 1/2"
fabric wallcovering wool, silk, and syntheticssubject to flame shpreadmost cases, it must be backed with paper
limestone travertine a version of limestone used in interiorshas holes that must be filled with epoxy resin to make it smoothusually polished finish
accessibility requirements 1. surfaces of accessible routes2. toilet room details3. drinking fountain mounting4. bathtub/shower design5. stair design6. protruding objects7. reach ranges8. detectable warnings9. visual/audio alarms10. public phones11. seating requirements
acknowledgement sent by manufacturer to designer (or dealer) confiming line by line the order they have received. designer should check against PO, esp. the delivery date
general liability insurance protects against property damage, liability, and personal injury caused by designer or employees, consultants, and others hired
professional corporation for professionals such as interior designers, similiar to other forms of corps. except that liability for malpractice is generally limited to the person responsible
mechanical system conform to ASHRAE or local energy code, whichever is more stringent-mandatory requirement for LEED certification, if further reduced, you can receive credit*do not use any CFC based refrigerants*use displacement ventilation where possible - supply originates at floor level and returns in ceiling - does not have to be cooled as much and good for removing heat from ceiling fixtures, allows for personal control
ASTM E662 measures amount of smoke given offsame test as NFPA 258smoke density of less than 450 typical req.
pressure sensors these sensors dectect weight on a floor or other surfaces, can be separate fixtures laid over existing floor finish or placed under carpet
electric lock retracts the bolt when activated from the secure side of the doorrequire an electric hinge
18x12 duct 18 is the width12 is the height
define historic precedent common approach of basing current design on ideas of the past.
programmatic concept: phasing determines whether the project needs to be completed in phases to meet time and budget constraints. also sets out whether the schedule is to be based on linear or concurrent scheduling
efficiency factor a mathematical ratio between one area and another, or of the net area to the usable area. efficiency factor takes into account the circulation space. Most office and retail leased space have a factor of between 20 and 30%
perscpective drawings give the most accurate two dimensional representation of the three dimensional world because it uses the principle of convergence (dimishing size)
designer/consultant liability the designer is the prime consultant and is liable to the owner for the consultant's work
integrated ceiling *Suspended ceiling design to allow for ceiling elements to coordinate with each other*For commercial use*Designed for ceiling components to be compatible (flexible duct to hvac, lights easily moved, top tracks of partitions clip to grid) *Provides easy access to ceiling components that require frequent change
gyp wallboard ceiling residential - screwed directly to joists, commercial - applied to a suspended grid of framing members (steel channels hung 4' o.c. from structure above, metal furring channels are attached to the main runners at 24" o.c. and wallboard is screwed to them)
steel stud sizes 1-5/8", 2-1/2", 3-5/8", 4" and 6"
panel assembly: blueprint matching *most expensive methodpanels are manufactured to precisely fit the room and line up with every obstruction so grain continuity is not interrupted
carpet tufting pile yarn is punched through the backing, can be cut or left in looprelative low cost, accounts for the majority of carpet
design detail: functions 1. concealment and finish2. human fit3. safety4. security (lighting, space for equipment, conduit, speakers, power transfers for doors concealed)5. durability and maintainability6. fire resistance7. acoustics8. resistance to moisture & weathering9. sustainability
auto insurance liability and prop. damage to vehicles owned and used by the business
practice acts requires that anyone who wants to practice interior design must meet certain requirements and obtain a license form the state to practice
model code written by a group of experts with field knowledge and no reference to a particular geographical area
What is Illuninance? The density of luminous flux incident on a surface in lumens per unit area.
What is reverberation? the prolongation of sound as it repeatedly bounces of hard surfaces.
What are Assets? Any type of tangible or intangible resource that can be measured in monetary terms. Assets include current assets, fixed assets, and other assets.
dedicated outlets outlets placed on their own circuit to prevent electrical interference
coordination with electrical and signal systems - issues to consider *lighting for surveillance*cctv vendor needs to know the lighting, or may spec the lighting*physical space for equipment*speakers in ceiling*concealed transformers
infared motion detectors determine if the space around an object is violated
programmatic concept: priority establishes the order of importance of things such as size, position, or social values. eg. budget for reception or customer areas may have higher priority than employee space in order to establish corporate identity.
define function function relates to the people using a space, the activities that will be performed there, and the relationship of those spaces to each other.
centralized work flow the work is controlled from one central position
criteria for selection: durability (19) 1. abrasion resistance2. attachment3. blocking resistance4. breaking strength5. chemical resistance6. coating adhesion (thin coatings - adhesion to substrate)7. cold-cracking resistance8. colorfastness9. corrosion resistance10. crocking resistance - transfer color11. fabrication quality 12. heat aging resistance 13. light fastness - sunlight exposure14. scubability - cleaned with brush & detergent15. shrinkage - with exposure to moisture16. stain resistance17. strength/structure18. tear resistance/tear strength19. washability
cost index divide the higher city index by the lower city index, multiply that by the base cost.
What is Proportion? The relationship of parts of a composition to each other and to the whole.
3 types of balance 1.symmetrical balance - very stable and indicates formality, emphasizes either the area in the middle or the points at one or both ends of the axis.2. asymmetrical balance: depends on equalizing the visual weights of non-similiar elements in a common field, considered informal & dynamic - it can organize a wide diversity of objects3. radial balance: a type of symmetrical balance in which elements are arranged uniformly about a central point - focuses attention to the center of the grouping.
metal framing light gauge steel studs set in floor and ceiling runners (heavier guage available for high partitions or where other structural considerations are important)
swing clear hinge special shape hinge that allows the door to swing 90 or 95 degrees so the full opening of the doorway is available
polyester wood finish the hardest and most durable finish available (80% hardness of glass)only available in glossdifficult to repair or refinish outside of the shop
carpet guage measured in fractions of an inch, it is the spacing between yarns across the pitch (27")common gauges for contract carpet are 5/64, 1/10, and 1/8
design development code checklist 1. construction of fire rated corridors2. constructionof other fire rated partitions3. requirements of fire ratings based on occupancy4. detailed requirements for stairs5. detailed requirements for ramps6. construction of glazing for safety and/or rating7. door requirements, hardware8. flame spread ratings for finishes9. toilet room plans for accessibility10. penetrations of fire rated assemblies11. limitations on use of plastics12. exit signs13. fire extinguishers14. ventilation requirements15. emergency lighting16. sprinkler requirements17. smoke detectors18. signange accessibility
precast concrete floors single & double tee popular because they serve as beam and floor decking, easy and fast to erecta 2" concrete topping is put over the tees to make a smooth floor surface
sole proprietorship disadvantages owner is personally liable for all debts and losses of the company
green seal 1. Green Seal - non profit org that promotes environmentally responsible production, purchasing, and products - develops standards for products in specific categories and certifies products that meet those standards.-meets the criteria of ISO 14020 and 14024 for ecolabeling- evaluate based on life cycle approach, awarded to products that have less impact and work well
substantial completion the stage in the progess of the work when the work is sufficiently complete according to the contract documents so that the owner can occupy or utilize the site
What are Veiling reflections? A complex interation of light source and brightness, position of the task, reflectifity of the task, and position of the eye.
During field Administration what are the items that the interior designer is responsible for under the Owner-Designer Agreement? 1. Constuction Observation2. Rejecting Work3. Safety4. Field Tests5. Documentation6. Claims7. Mediation and Arbitration
What are fixed assets? resources that are used by the business and that are long-term items, such as equipment or property.
to prevent locks from being torqued apart security strikescover platescylinder guards
biometric devices read the retina of the eye or a handprint, voice prints
the importance of color color is the most emotionally charged component of any design. during design concepts, a broad palette should be reviewed with the client.
Programming Checklist: Space Requirements by Area & SF (3) 1. space required by activity areas, people & equipment2. space requirements determined by equipment alone (server room)3. non assigned space - corridors, storage rooms,etc
what are the primary environmental factors that contribute to human comfort? temperature, humidity, air movement, temperature radiation to and from surrounding surfaces, air quality, sound, vibration, and light.
overall building efficiency the ratio of the net assignable area to the gross building area, can range from 50-90% efficiency
What does smoldering mean? Combustion without flame that may burn for a relatively long time while generating smoke, toxic gas, and heat.
detailed quantity takeoffs done late in the design & cd production using quoted costs per sf for various items and calculated square footages. typically, gc involved at this point, and available to assist in pricing.
Generally what do vertical lines convey? - strength- equilibrium- permanence- strong upward movement
design priciple: contrast and variety contrast is the juxtopisition of dissimiliar elements - creates liveliness in the harmony and unity of the spaceone dramatic way of creating contrast is with lighting, but limit bright lighting to highlighting paintings, etc. because of glare
door rating requirements one hour exit access cooridor = 20 minute doorone hour occupancy sep = 45 minute doorone hour exit stair enclosure = 60 minute door2 hour exit stair = 90 minute door
types of metal lath (5) 1. expanded diamond mesh2. paper3. backed diamond mesh4. flat rib lath5. high rib lath
most common metal for doors, properties steel, 16 guagetypically paintedfilled with mineral wool for sound deadeningstandard widths: 24,28,30,32,34,36,40,42,48standard heights:6'8, 7',8'standard thickness: 1-3/4used almost exclusively for rated doors
half round slicing similiar to rotary slicing but the log is cut in halfsows characteristics of rotary and plain sliced veneers
fusion bonding embeds the pile yarn in a backing of liquid vinylused primarily for carpet tiles
carpet pitch the number of ends of surface yarn in a 27" width
What is a preformance specification? a statement setting criteria and results required fo the item being specified. the results can be verifed by measurements, tests, or other types of evaluation. The means of achieving the required results are not specified; this is left up to the contractor or vendor.* difficult to write* specifier must know all criteria, state the methods for testing compliance and write and unambiguous document* rarely used for interior construction
open-web steel joist system joists span between beams or bearing wallscan span from 20' to 144'depths range from 8 to 72"spaced 2-6' on centerusually in one story or low rise buildings with wide column spacing
3 accredited groups of the FSC Smartwood Program of the Rainforest AllianceForest Conservation Program of Scientific Certification Systems (SCS)SGS's Systems and Services Certification
What are the advantages of Tungsten-halogen? 1. Longer lamp life than incandescent2.low lumen depreciation over lamp life3. more uniform light color than incandescent.4. smaller than incandescent lamps5. comes in standard and low voltage6. Whiter light than incandescent7. greater efficacy than incandescent
What are the 3 basic qualities of sound? 1. Velocity2. Frequency3. Power
What is Accounts Receivable? Money that others owe to the business through invoices of services.
3 objectives of fire protection and life safety protection of lifeprotection of propertyrestoration and continued use of a building after a fire
What are the 4 elements of cost? Quanity, quality, budget, and time.These elements of cost are used to balance a clients needs with their wants.
Programming Checklist: Time & Money Requirements (3) 1. Budget broken into construction, furnishings, equipment, taxes, contingency, etc.2. life cycle cost analysis3. move in deadline, phasing requirements
criteria for selection: functions (5) 1. acoustic qualities (NRC - noise reduction coefficient)2. aesthetics (balanced with other elements)3. availability - check lead times4. choice - (color, texture, other visual charateristics)5. installation method- affects cost, scheduling of material, labor.
What are the characteristics of Silk? (5) 1. strong2. resiliant3. flexible4. expensive5. degrades in sunlight
What is Line? (2) an object or form whose actual or visual lenght greatly exceeds and actual width or depth it may have.lines are also formed/perceived where one plane meets another, where edges occur, and where there is a change in material, texture or color.
2 types of plaster construction 1. traditional method using metal lath that is attached to wood or metal studs and serves as base for the plaster.2. second method uses gypsum board lath, available in 16" x 48" applied horizontally, or 48" x 96".one or two coats of thin veneer plaster are applied over the boards - reduces labor but retains the advantages of plaster.
paneling: veneer matching : random matching random sequence and even from different flitches
What is the title for MasterFormat division 21? What dose this division cover? Fire suppression* detection and alarms
criteria for evaluating building materials *emboddied energy - low energy req for extraction, processing, and transportation and generate little waste or pollution*renewable materials - harvest cycle of 10 years or less, 5% of project gets you credit*recycled content - post consumer, post industrial, recovered materials. more recycled content = less raw material*energy efficiency*use of local materials - earns 20% credit, extra credit if more than 10% is local*durability-last longer, lower maintenance*low VOC *low toxicity*moisture problems - avoid*water conservation - reduce in building and landscaping*maintainability - cleaned with low voc*potential for reuse/recycle*reusability - salvage material
What are the three types of fluorescent lamps? 1. Preheat2. rapid start3. instant start
How can the designer and owner control cost? 1. understanding the bidding marketplace2. with drawing and specification documents3. having alternates4. getting unit pricing on certain items5. allowances
What is indirect labor? all labor not charged to a project or revenue-producing account, such as administration, general office time, and marketing.
Types of plan arrangement: 1. open - only objects are furniture & accessories2. linear: arranges spaces in a row, common due to it's efficiency3. axial: aligns spaces on a significant features4. centralized: uses a single dominant space with secondary spaces grouped around it.5. grid: arranged on grid format laid out by structural elements, or may be developed. can incorporate other plan types6. clustered: free-form, way finding can be difficult and should be organized using other types of plan arrangement
Methods of field measurement (10) 1. tape measure2. line of site sonic device (limited range)3. electro-magnet distance measurement (EDM), laser based, requires 2 people, very accurate4. reflectorless EDM - less precise, similiar to sonic device5. rectified photography for building facades (can be set parallel to building facade)6. orthophotography - similiar to rectified, but digital and has some optical distortion7. photogammetry - using photography and associated software8. sterophotogammetry - overlapping photos can be used to create 3D drawings - requires trained techs9. convergent photogammetry - multiple photos are put together, measurements still required of reference points10. laser scanning - accurate, builds a points based model that then is edited with software to build model
what are the components of the summary of space adjacencies that should be included in the formal written program? 1. adjacency matrices2. bubble diagrams3. stacking diagrams
How many double rubs to some manfacturers consider:-Light Duty-Medium Duty-Heavy Duty 3000 Double Rubs9000 Double Rubs15,000 Double Rubs
What are the characteristics of Nylon? (4) 1. synthetic fibers2. really strong3. high resiliency and elasticity4. resistant to many chemicals, water, microorganisms
What is a Tetrad color scheme? uses four colors that are equally spcaced around the wheel.
pivots, alternative to hinges allows the door to swing 180 if req, may be center hung, allowing door to be swung in both directions, or offset. tall or heavy doors require offset hinge, requires a seal on the frame because it cannot be installed on the stop side, allowing for sound/light transmission
paneling: veneer matching : book matching most common method, veneers are sliced off the log and every other piece is turned over so that adjacent leaves have a symmetrical pattern
2 major aspects of design intent 1. details should contribute to the overall design concept2. details must resolve problems of connection or transition
all contracts should contain what provisions? 1. parties to the contract and date and signatures by legally authorized parties*for residential work,get husband and wife to sign2. scope of work, specifically itemized services provided and excluded3. purchasing agreements - clarification of owner and designer responsibilities - consistent with UCC4. Method of payment 5. reimbursable expenses, fees for consultants6. extra services - list them out and the charges for them7. responsibilites of the client (buying furniture, reviews, info needed,etc)8. ownership of the documents - states that the designer retains the rights of ownership to the documents, and that the documents are only for the specific project and cannot be used for other jobs without permission and compensation9. provisions for arbitration 10.signatures - legally valid if only the client signs, but better if both sign and date
What kind of lamp is this discribing?F40T12WW/RS Fluorescent lamp that is 40 watt tubular, with a 12/8" diameter (1.5") warm white color, and rapid start circuit.
What is Transmission loss in regards to sound? only takes into account the loss through the partition.
What are the most common accounting reports? 1. Balance sheet2. Profit and loss statement3. Cash flow statement
method of scheduling: full wall schedule vertical lines are drawn 5" apart on an entire wall, with the space between each line representing a week. project manager develops a prelim. list of tasks and the individuals responsible for those tasks. each task is written on a 3x5 index card, with one labeled start and one finish. the names of the all the people responsible are placed along the left edge of the chart. each person places their own start and finish next to their tasks to indicate their total needed time within the overall schedule.
What is a solid? it is a form that has mass and appears to occupy space.
thicknesses of plaster coats over metal lath scratch coat - 1/4" to 1/2"brown coat - 1/4"finish coat - 1/8"
door and drawer front construction: flush overlay the front of the door or drawer overlaps the face frame of the cabinet, typically with about 1/8" space between door edges*also known as european cabinets
AIA - five documents related to interior design work 1. A175 ID Standard form of agreement between owner and vendor for FFE where the basis of payment is stipulated sum2. A275 ID General conditions of the contract for furniture, furnishings and equipment3. A775 ID invitation and instructions for quotation of FFE4. B171 ID Standadard form of agreement between owner and architect for architectural interior design services5. B175 ID Standard form of agreement between owner and architect for FFE design services
What does the Power of sound refer to? the quality of acoustic energy as measured in watts. it is the power that people precive as loudness.
What should a submittal log consist of? 1. submittal name or other ID2. dates indicating the documents movement: -received from GC -sent to consultants -returned by consultants -returned to GC
A popular programming method uses a 5 step process. Describe these 5 steps. 1. Establishing goals (what the client wants to achieve and why)2. collecting and analyzing facts.(budget, code restraints, equipment needs, etc.)3. uncovering and testing concepts(introduces the programmatic concept from which the design concept will be developed)4. Determine needs (balance desire of client against budget. this is where wants are seperated from needs)5. state the problem (statements that the designer and client agree apon as the most important aspects of the problem and provide the basis for the design solution.
Criteria for selecting fabrics. (8) 1. Durability - Snagging - Fuzzing - Pilling2. Flammability3. Dimensional stability - Buttoning - Tufting - Channeling4. Maintenance5. Appearance6. Scale7. Comfort8. Touch
what are the two major portions of the schedule, and who is responsible for developing? 1. design time (designer): production of contract documents, scheduling the ordering, delivery, and installation of furniture2. construction schedule (contractor): designer typically needs to estimate the entire project schedule to give the client a general idea of total time.
door and drawer front construction; flush the face of the drawer or door is installed flush with the face frame*may result in sagging over time
What are the 2 ways of advertising for a bid? 1. in newspapers and trade journals2. an invitation to bid
What is the agency and test number for Tearing strength test, tongue method?What does this test? ASTM D2261 (similar test is CFFA-16 method b)Ths test measures the tearing resistance of fabrics after an initial cut has be made in the fabric.
How is the size of a fluorescent lamp measured? In eighths of an inchexample: T8 = 8/8" = 1"
What is the agency and test number for Crocking resistance test?What does this test? AATCC Test Method 8 (similar test is for coated fabrics is CFFA-7)This test determines the resistance of a colored textile to tranfer its color from its surface to other surfaces by rubbing.
COM (Fabric) Customer's Own Material
fire barrier vertical or horizontalseperate occupancies, enclose vertical exit enclosuresalways continuous from floor to deck
What is Hue? The basic color.
ceramic tile considered sustainable even though high embodied energy is required to produce it and high transportation costsuses readily available natural resourcesproduces practically no harmful emissionsrequires little maintenance*avoid epoxy grout and sealers that cotain voc's
A275 ID incorporated by specific reference into the owner-designer agreement and the owner-vendor agreementcoordinated with UCC (uniform commercial code) governing the sale of goods
gfi ground fault interrupters are devices that detect small current leaks and disconnect the power to the circuit or appliance* can be part of circuit breaker or installed as outlet*required in outdoor outlets and bathrooms, basements, and kitchens
in places where informal group interaction occurs, 97% of groups are composed of how many people? 2-4
seating considerations appropriate to use, comfortable, adaptable to a wide range of body types, strong, and have a durable finish
SPD glazing light absorbing microscopic particles are dispersed within liquid suspension film which is sandwiched between two pieces of transparent conductive material, can range from clear to partially darkened to totally opaque. can be used as privacy, and can be controlled with a rheostat switch.
running match alternates book-matched veneer pieces regardless of their width any portion left over from the last leaf of one panel is used as the starting piece of the next panel
assets tangible or intangible resource that can be measured in monetary terms
listed label UL label for a tested assembly
demurrage the dentention of a shipment in port/train/boat by ship owner beyond normal or agreed upon termgives extra time to vendor to complete work since this is out of their control
vibration detectors sense a disturbance of an object
programmatic concept: mixed flow promoting interaction among people
useable area area available for assignment to tenant, includes net assignable area and secondary circulation space
lath and plaster ceilings *Residential ceiling construction Attach to wood or metal ceiling joist with nails or screwsAttach to an existing wall with masticFinish joints with special joint compound and tape Allow to dry Sand Repeat 3 and 4 until desired smoothness is achievedAdd desired ceiling finish*Commercial ceiling constructionAttach expanded metal or gypsum lath to suspended ceiling framework Use same technique as for walls
finish carpentry exposed wood construction assembled at the job siteincludes doors, windows, trim, base, molding stairways, handrails
architectural woodwork also known as "millwork"custom shop fabricated millwork built of lumberincludes cabinetry, paneling, custom doors and frames, shelving, custom furniture, and special interior trim
VWC grades Type I - light duty (7-13oz)(residential)Type II - medium duty (13-22oz)(most commercial)Type III - heavy duty (22oz+)(public corridors, food service, hospitals)
carpet - 3 types rug sheet carpetcarpet tiles
window treatments: blinds venetian blinds: horizonatal slats adjusted with a control cordmini-blinds: horizontal slats only 1/2-1" wide, typically aluminumvertical blinds: hange from a track
loads on buildings forces acting on building elementsinclude gravity, lateral, and dynamic
contractor's ins. general conditions of the contract requires that the contractor carry ins. that will protect form the follwing claims under worker's comp.claims for damages b/c of bodily injury or deathclaims for damages relat4d to use of motor vehicles, etc.
indoor air quality (IAQ) maintaining health, affects peoples sense of well-being, affects absenteeism, productivity, creativity, and motivation
finish material tests -whether the material is flammable, and if so, if it burns or if it supports combustion-degree of flammability (how fast)-how much smoke and toxic gas it produces
FOB free on board, followed by factory or destination, means the title is transferred at the factory or destination
electromagnetic lock lock holds the door closed with magnetic force
plumbing trap attached to the fixture, designed to catch and hold a quantity of water to provide a seal that prevents gases from the sewage system from entering the building*toilets, 2 or 3 adjacent fixtures typically have the trap integrated into their design
mixing box adjusts the quantity or temperature of air going into a space from the main air supply, reduces the velocity of the air, and attenuates noisethermostat lines are connected to the mixing boxesin dual duct systems, the mixing box mixes cool and hot air coming from two ducts to serve individual rooms or spaces
Code restrictions typically two exits are required. make sure that the door is a minimum of 36" wide, swings in direction of travel, doors must not encroach more than 7" into the exit space when fully open, 44" corridors - 60" preferred for turn-around, no dead ends greater than 20'
programmatic concept: hierarchy expression of physical symbols of hierarchy. eg, larger offices for managers.
net area net assignable area: the actual area needed to accommodate specific functions. does not include net unassignable areas of primary and secondary circulation space, closets, equipment rooms, building core.
What is class A fabric most resistant to in regard to fire? Charring
balance point all visual compositions have a balance point or a field within which the balancing takes place.balance is tricky in interiors
closers required on fire doors, can be surface mounted on either side of the door or in the head frame, or concealed in the frame or door
threshold used at floor material changes at door lines or for floor level changes
copper alloyw 3 groups of copper alloys:pure copper, architectural bronze (or common brasses), nickel-silver and silicon bronze alloys
demountable partition components floor runners, ceiling runners, stud sections with clips to hold the panel, and prefinished gypsum wallboard panels. *panels are typically covered with vwc.*usually 24 or 30" wide to work with common building planning modules of 4 or 5'*finished panel has small vertical joints between panels, and the top track is visible, standard base trim snaps on at the floor line*all systems have door frames, glazing, bank rails, openings, some provide for hanging shelves and furniture components*spikes at floor runner allow it to be placed directly over carpet without crushing the carpet*slotted suspended ceiling grids should be used to allow the top track to be screwed in to the grid without damaging its appearance
thickness for the sides and bottom of most commercial grade base cabinets 3/4"
carpet fibers *wool - very durable, resilient, wears well, flame resistant, easy to clean & maintain, the most expensive*nylon - very strong and wear resistanthigh stain resistance, excellent crush resistance, most widely used*acrylic-moderate abrasion resistance, has more of a wool like appearcne*polyester - highly abrasion resistant, good crush resistance, cleans well, mildew resistant, low cost, often blended with nylon*olefin - low melting point, unattractive, often used for backing and indoor/outdoor carpet
15lbm asphalt felt optional, layed between strip flooring and plywood subfloor to prevent squeaking and act as a vapor barrier
core drill 2-4" diameterbeam & girder and one-way pan joist systems the easist to penetrate because there is less reinforcing in these systemsflat plate and flat slab floors are the easiest to cutTee sections cannot be cut because they contain tension rodspost tensioned concrete cannot be cut
personal injury protection insurance protects against slander, libel, defamation of character, or misrepresentation
most common additional services 1. organizing and participating in selection interviews with contractors2. receiving, inspecting, and accepting or rejecting FFE on behalf of owner3. providing post occupancy evaluations4. providing a set of record drawings based on data furnished by contractor5. providing services made necessary by the default of any contractor or supplier6. providing services in connection with public hearing, mediation, etc, except where the designer is a party thereto
what other types of lamps are considered HID that are a-typical? 1. neon2. cold-dathode
What does IESNA stand for? Illuninating Engerineering Society of North Americaestablished a method of determining a range of illumination levels, in footcandles appropriate to particular design conditions. categories from A to I (A represents the lowest values for general lighting in noncritical areas and I represents requirements for specialized and difficult visual tasks)
What is cash accounting? revenue and expenses are recongnized at the actual time the business receives the cash or pays a bill.
photoelectric cells detect when a beam has been brokencan be surface mounted, butlook better when they are recessed
define environmental design research focuses on theories of interaction between humans and their environments.only one variable is studied at a time (eg. training room tables)
programmatic concept: separated flow segregating the flow of people...eg, security access to areas of sensitive information
thermal comfort: radiation if the surroundings are cooler than the skin temperature of 85 degrees, a person will lose heat through radiation, warmer, the body gains heat.
graphic scale used when drawings are going to be reproduced at smaller or larger sizes than the original numeric scale. scale always remains in proportion to the print size
Items included in FF&E budget 1. furniture2. appliances3. free standing equipment4. window coverings5. rugs & mats6. interior plants/planters7. lamps8. artwork9. accessories
What is Plane? a form with two dominant dimensions, legth and width.
What is texture? The surface quality of a material. Often discribes a rough or smooth.
standard door sizes widths; 24", 28", 30", 32" and 36"heights: 6'-8", 7'thicknesses: hollow core, 1-3/8", solid core, 1-3/4"
quarter slicing veneer knife strikes the grain at 90 degreessame as quarter sawing
wallpaper matching straight match - one length is aligned with the next lengthdrop match - next piece is lowered to continue the match
purchase order form sent to vendor that lists the items to be purchased, shipping info, prices.typically done by dealer
general partenerships 2 or more people share in the management, profits, and risks
4 stages of product life cycle 1. raw material acquisition -acquisition, processing of raw materials, and transportation2. manufacturing -conversion of raw materials, packaging, transportation3. use and maintenance-installation, long term use, maintenance and repair4. disposal-demolition, conversion of the waste into other useful products, waste disposal, reuse or recycling if not converted.
supplementary conditions of the contract - general categories (4) 1. bidding 2. contractual matters between owner-contractor3. modification of general conditions4. modification of division 01, general requirements of the specifications
What is Candlepower (cp) ? The units of luminous intensity approximately equal to the horizontal light output from an ordinary wax candle. In the metric system of measurment,this unis is called candela (cd).
What is current ratio? total current assets divided by total current liabilities. this is a measure of a firm's ability to meet current obligations. the hight the ratio, the better.
What are examples of other assets? Miscellaneous resources such as securities or copyrights.
power/data on plans can be shown on a separate power plan,on the furniture plan where exact dimensions are provided if location is critical
four ways of representing space relationships: 1. adjacency matrix2. folded adjacency3. bubble diagram4. stacking diagram
circulation patterns - most common problem allowing adjacency requirements to dictate the arrangement of rooms and ending up with a maze of circulations routes that decrease efficiency or other problems
programmatic concept: density low, medium, or high, relation of how a space, or group of spaces are used to address efficiency or interaction
What does it mean to Char? Material remaining from incomplete combustion.
When is a fabric considered good in regards ASTM D4157? 15,000 double rubs
What is Color? Color is the a physical property of visible light that is one part of the larger electromagnetic spectrum, which includes other radiation like x-rays and infared light.
modulor system of proportioning developed by le Corbusier, based on the golden section, but applied to the human form.
full mortise hinge most common hinge type, also known as butt hingeboth leaves are fully mortised into the edge of the door so the hinge is flush with the surface of the frame and door
standard forms of brass sheet, plate, bar stock, tubing, and pipe.can also be extruded or cast
panel assembly: warehouse match premanufactured panels of 4'x 8' are assembled from a single flitch that yields 6-12 panels.field cut to fit around dors, windows, & other obstructions*results in some loss of grain continuity
non slip finishes for stone granite - flame finishmarble - abrasive finish
presciptive specifications (2 types) exactly what product or material the contractor must use*proprietory - most restrictive, call out particular manufacturer, easier to write, generally shorter, give designer most control, do not allow for competitive bidding*base bid (or equal) - calls out proprietory but allows substitution. risky
char of accts. a list of the various accts. a business uses to keep track of money along with corresponding acct #s used for data processing
How do you evaluate direct glare? the Visual Comfort Probability (VCP) factor was developed. This facor is the percentage of people who, when viewing from a specified location and in a specified directions, will find the situation acceptable in terms of discomfort glare.
What is color in lighting? An interaction between the color of the light source and the color of the objects that reflect the light.
How is impact noise quanified? the the impact insulation class (IIC) number. a single number rating of a floor/ceiling's impact sound performance. the higher the IIC rating the better the floor performs in reducing impact sounds.
What is bid security? is used to ensure that the successful bidder will enter into a contract with the owner. The form of the bid security may be a certified check, cashier's check, or bid bond.
what is Direct personal expense? the expense of employee alaries plus the cost of mandatory and discretionary expenses and benefits such as payroll taxes, heath insurance, and the like.
social & cultural influences that affect the user response to the designed interior 1. political conditions: eg, green design a prevelant political movement that will/does affect design2. economic conditions: affects the lavishness of a design3. cultural attitudes4. symbolism5. regionalism
at the close of programming, the designer should be able to clearly state the problem to serve as the basis of design and the measure for which the solution can be evaluated. What 4 major considerations should be addressed in this final statement? 1. form2. function3. economy4. time
code checklist for preliminary design (15) 1. occupancy groups2. requirements for special populations3. gross area4. occupant loads5. common path of egress travel requirements6. number of exits required7. maximum distance to exits8. arrangement of exits9. required minimum width of exits10. dead end length11. accessibility requirements12. required seperations13. corridor construction requirements14. requirement for doors15. requirement for glazing
What are the characteristics of Acrylic? (5) 1. replacement for wool2. moderately good strength3. resiliant4. resistant to sunlight5. can be flammable
life cycle cost analysis estimated over a length of time called the study period, a method for determining the total cost of a building or building component or system. any residual value of the component value is subtracted from the other costs.
What is a Monotonous color scheme? Similar to Monochromatic but consists of only a single hue of low intensity (near gray) in one or a very limited range of values.
disadvantage of tempered glass must be ordered to the exact size requirement for final install - once it has been tempered, it cannot be cut, drilled, or deeply etched. tempering may also produce a slight distortion in the glass
access panels in gyp wallboard ceiling prefabricated steel units with hinged doors that allow the wallboard to be framed into them, 24" square door is typically sufficient
standing & running trim vs. molding standing and running trim is customized by the millworker of any wood species, molding is only available in a few species and is limited to standard profiles
resiliant flooring - 3 types 1. vinyl flooring - durable, resistant to indentation, abrasion, grease, water, alkilis, and some acids.*vct has less flexibility and abrasion resistance, so should be specified with through body color2. rubber - comfortable, quiet. not resistant to oils or grease3. cork - available in tile and plank, high acoustical and resilient value, subfloor has to be perfectly smooth4. linoleum - very good abrasion and grease resistance, but limited resistance to alkilis
additional optional info in the supplementary conditions permission to submit info in digital formadditional infocost of architect to review requests for substitutionsprovisions for the owner to pay for utilitiesrequirements that the contractor employ a superindentprovisions for fast track schedulingreimbursement by contractor for extra site visits by architect due to contractor faultprotection for the owner against claims for additional timerequirements for more detailed information on costs and overheadrequirements for liquidated damages or penalty's/bonusesbonding/insurance
What is Lumen (lm)? The unit of luminous flux equal to the flux in a unit solid angle of one steradian (1sr) from a uniform point source of one candlepower (1cp).
What are the 6 typs of business structures? 1. Sole Propietorship2. Partnerships3. Corporations4. Limited Liability Companies and Limited Liability Partnerships5. Joint Ventures6. Office Organization
all water heating systems use a type of coil unit called a convector in each space through which hot water is circulatedthe hot water heats the fins of the coil and air is heated as it is drawn over the finsair may be circulated by convection (baseboard) or by forced circulation
define economy (as related to the programming stage) economy concerns money: the initial costs of the interior, the operational costs, and the life cycle costs.
What basic information should always be included in the final programming document regardless of project size? (3) 1. Statement of goals & objectives. (may include result-orientated goals & functional goals)2. A list of client requirements (no. of people using the space, activities, adjacencies, furniture & equipment needs, any special lighting, acoustical, electrical needs)3. A list of spaces and their square footages as a basic starting point for space planning, including an allowance for secondary and circulatory spaces).Additional/Optional info:survey of existing conditions, budget requirements, schedule requirements, expansion requirements.
what characterizes an isometric drawing? all axes are drawn to the same scale
What does fire resistance mean? The propery of a material of assembly to withstand fire or give protection from it.
describe some specific costs that may be evaluated in a LCC analysis, and how these are applied to achieve the final LCC cost. 1. initial costs, acquisition and installation2. operational costs for utilities3. maintenance costs over the length of the study period4. finance costs, as applicable5. taxes for initial and operating costs6. residual value*these costs are estimated, discounted to their present value to take inflation out of the variable. residual value is then discounted to its present value and subtracted from the total to get the final LCC
What is form?How is it generated? The basic shape and configuration of an object or space.It is generated with lines, planes, volumes, and to a lesser extent points.
building codes regulate the flame spread of wood for paneling for wall and ceiling, but not trim or furniture must meet the maximum flame spread rating of the code based on occupancy and use area.if less than .036 thick, it is not regulated
classification of tile by water absorption 1. nonvitreous - water absorption rate of more than 7%2. impervious - water absorption rate less than .5%3. semivitreous/vitreous tile - classified between nonvitreous and impervious
What is the luminaire dirt depreciation factor? The amount of dirt collected on the lamps over time.
What does STC stand for?How is it used? Sound transmission classto rate the transmission loss of construction. the higher the number the better the barrier.
What sould a field report include? 1. name and # of project2. field report #3. date and time of observation, maybe weather conditions4. Work currently in progress5. number of workers on site (or estimate)6. observations made, include any problems7. an estimate of the conformance with the schedule and the estimated % conplete.8. items to verity and action or information required9. a list of any attachements, and the name of the person makeing the report
what type of information should be gathered in a field survey? (14) 1. size & configuration of existing building2. cabinetry and built ins3. locations & sizes of doors & windows4. types and heights of ceilings5. power/data locations6. diffusers, radiators7. lighting types & locations8. conditions and capacities of electrical/mechanical systems9. general conditions of construction10.location of true north11. views from windows12. noise problem locations13. special architectural features14. potential environmental problems (asbestos...)
What can increase the fire hazard of smoldering?What should you use instead? Decoritive treatments on seating- Welt cordinginstead use a flat seam such as railroading. Also be sure to space backs of furniture away from eachother to allow for cigaretts to fall to the floor.
What is a complementary color scheme? When hues on opposite sides of the color wheel are used.
ways objects or elements vary in visual weight include:(6) 1. large objects are heavier than smaller objects with the same form, shape, color, & texture.2. highly textured or detailed elements are heavier than plain elements.3. dark elements are heavier than lighter elements4. bright colors carry more weight than neutrals5. complex shapes are heavier than simpler shapes6. several small objects closely grouped can balance a larger object.
most important specification aspect of finish carpentry grade of lumber* for most species, B and better is the highest available grade and is excellent for natural or painted finishes, but is limited.*C Select is more abundant and is suitable for painting and some natural finishes*possible to specify vertical or flat grain, which is how it is cut from the tree
What are the three ways master specs are produced? 1. Commercial product available to buy* these are maintained by another entity out side your office2. Write your own and maintain them.3. Hire a specifications consultant who uses their own or a commercial product.* advantage to this method is this person is experienced and knows what questions to ask, how to select and evaluate materials, how to coordinate all the sections, and how to customize each section for a specific project.
step 1: In determining fuction of a space what aspects would need to be adressed with regards to lighting? 1. determin light level needed2. sigle or multi use in space3. spacial conditions that would dictate a particular kind of lighting4. existing daylighting contributions5. ceiling height6. ceiling construction7. size of room
What should be on a bid form? 1. amount of base bid2. pricing for alternates3. unit prices4. number of calander or work days in which the bidder proposes to complete the project.5. provide space for contractors to acknowledge receipt of any addenda6. signature line for someone legally empowered to bind the contracor to the owner in the contract.
What is net profit bfore tax? the % of profit based on net revenue: that is, total annual revenue less consultant's fees and reibursable expenses.
what guidelines should be followed to keep the electronic presentation clear and easy to follow? 1. be consistent with the format of each slide2. put only one idea on each slide3. use bold graphics that are easy to understand4. be specific with thoughts and suggestions5. always preview the presentation before giving it.
What is the agency and test number for vertical ignition test?What does this test? NFPA 701 (equivalenttest UL 214)This standard establishes two procedures for testing the flammability of draperies, curtains, or other window treatments.
fabricated edge types on wallboard for exposed edges 1. LC bead - requires finishing with joing compound, has a back flange so it has to be fitted over the wallboard before the wallboard is fastened to the substrate2. L bead - edge trim without back flange, requires finishing with compound3. LK bead - edge trim for use with various thicknesses of wallboard in a kerfed jamb (small slot cut in jamb), requires finishing with compound4. U bead: edge trim where the metal edge is noticeable (sometimes called J metal), does not require finishing.
What are the 3 parts of MasterFormat organization within a section? Part 1: GeneralPart 2: ProductsPart 3: Execution
with the type of work flow know, buildings can be analyzed to determine whether they fit the type of work flow by the following criteria: (8) 1. points of public entry2. points of service entry3. spaces with views4. spaces without views5. size and shape of space6. locations of plumbing and other building services7. interference with building structure8. available ceiling height
How is the color of an object conveyed? By the color or light the object obsorbs and the amount of light it reflects to the eye.
Where do you find the outlin of the activities an interor designer is to perform durring the Contract Administration phase? they are itemized in the AIA General Conditions of the Contract for Furniture, Furnishings, and Equipment (A275tm ID) and the General Conditions of the Contract for Construction (A201)
walls to deck & deflection of slab above fill the voids where the wall hits the metal deck, install a slip joint to allow for deflection of the slab above to avoid damage to the wall