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Definitions |
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Carbohydrate
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CHOSupplies 4kcal/g
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epidemiological studies
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studies of populations
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Which vegetable/spice contains phytochemicals that modify gene expression to reduce arthritis pain and inflammation?
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ginger
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phytochemicals
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nonnutrient compounds found in plant-derived foods, can fight diseases, gives texture & aroma of food
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Free radicals
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short lived, highly-reactive chemicals, derived from oxygen containing compounds, which can have detrimental effects on cells, especially DNA and cell membranes; phytochemicals can reduce or neutralize free radicals
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observation&question, hypothesis&prediction, experiment, results&interpretations, hypothesis supported/notsupported, if supported=theory, not supported=new observation&questions
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Steps to the scientific method
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nutrient
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components of food that are indispensable to the body
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Functions of Nutrients
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Energy YieldingGrowth and DevelopmentRegulate body processes
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Clinical observation
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assessments by evaluating the characteristics of well being that can be seen in a physical exam; can reveal nutrient deficiency and rule out biochemical tests
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nonnutrient
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components other than the 6 nutrients that are present in food
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malnutrition
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any condition cause by excess or deficient food energy
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action
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people in this stage committing time and energy to making the change
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medical foods
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foods specially manufactured for use by people with medical disorders and prescribed by a physician
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Minerals
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Inorganic element Cannot be made in bodyElements used in body to promote chemical reactions and form body structures
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National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
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Survey of how Americans eatAmerican Diet Nowprotein 12-17% (66% animal)lipid 33% (60% animal)Carbohydrates 50-55% (50% sweeteners)
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Adequate intake
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nutrient intake that appears to sustain a defined nutritional state or some other indicator of health in a specific population or subgroup
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Inorganic
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any substance that does not contain carbon
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Precontemplation, Contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, adoption
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The 6 stages of behavior change
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locus of control
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the assigned source of responsibility for one's life events
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healthy
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low in fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, and sodium and containing at least 10% of the Daily Value for vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, calcium, protein, or fiber.
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partitioned foods
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foods composed of parts of whole foods
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Water
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Universal solvent 60% of body8 cups a day neededthe nutrient needed in the LARGEST quantity
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Theory
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An explanation for an event that has supportive data
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Essential nutrient
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Substances that must be obtained from the diet because the body either cannot make them or cannot make adequate amounts
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Enrich
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to add vitamins or minerals lost or diminished during food processing
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advertising, availability, economy, emotional comfort, habit, personal preference, personal associations, region of the country
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The factors that drive food choices
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regulators for the body
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the function of minerals and vitamins
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Essential Nutrients
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Body CANNOT make or cannot make FAST enough
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Case control study
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an investigation of people with a particular condition who are compared to people without the condition
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Acceptable Macronutrient Distributing Range (AMDR)
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set healthy ranges of intake for carbohydrates, fat, and protein
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less, fewer, reduced
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containing at least 25% less of a nutrient or calories than a reference food. This may occur naturally or as a result of altering the food. For example, pretzels, which are usually low in fat, can claim to provide less fat than potato chips, a comparable food.
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Experimental group
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in a clinical trial, the group that is given the intervention (supplement, exercise, ect.)
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What condition or goup may coenzyme Q10 help?
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hearth disease and hypertension
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Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
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helps to maintain body weight for an individual of a particular age, gender, height, weight
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Calculate # of kcal
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grams x kcal/g = kcalround to whole numbers up or down
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Which type of fat was noted to help cells function better and communicate better?
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Omega-3 fatty acids
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Which four nutrients must be part of percent daily values on a food label
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Vitamins A,C, calcium and iron
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what they have eaten and records measures of people's health status
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What does NHANES ask people in its research??
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