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number 5 refers to
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stratopause
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The prime meridian runs through which majour city? country?
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Greenwich
London
England
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List from biggest to smallest.
a comet
a plantetismal
the universe
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the universe
a plantetismal
a comet
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what is the exosphere like?
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low density
mainly hydrogen and helium
molecules traveling fast enough can escape into outer space
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What is weather?
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it is what the temperature,precipitation, prevailing winds, humidity, air pressure, etc. are like at this moment.
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By geography being a continum of study across all fields of study it is
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holistic
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water and its cycles through all the sytems is refered to in physical geography as
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hydrosphere
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The largest features of the universe are measured in
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light years
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Uniformitarianism is?
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an assumtion that all of the laws of science that we know and can discover both created the world as we find it and will continue to create the world of the future. The laws of science are constant and do not change.
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What is the ecosphere?
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The ecosphere is the integration, the combination and interaction of all the other four spheres, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, the lithosphere, and the biosphere.
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Match the name of the atmosphere with the number indication its correct location on the diagram. Exosphere is number ...
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5
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What season of the year does position D represent in the Northern Hemisphere?
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summer
summer solstice
June 21
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In the Big Bang Theory most people believe that the universe is going to?
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colapse - implode
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The hydrosphere is?
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the study of, and the collection of the various aspects of water in and around the earth, in vapour, liquid, and solid form.
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Because the laws of physics chemestry etc. that are opperating now are the same as the process that were acting in the past is part of the
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law of uniformitarianism
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According to the climograph, the wettest month in Toronto is?
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AUGUST at 75 mm
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The uncertainty principle of quatum physics prevents the certainty that?
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The Big Bang of the universe began with a singularity, "a single point"
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Lovelock does not claim that the earth
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is a thinking organism.
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· What are the consequences the green house effect
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1.) loss of snow cover
2.) sea levels rise
3.) change in weather patterns,
a.) droughts and floods
b.) violent storm activity will increase
c.) Climate related deaths are expected
d.) Warming also causes faster evaporation
4.) with changes in temperatures where Disease carriers (animals, microbes, etc,) live will expand
5.) On the other hand, proposed measures to reduce human contributions to greenhouse gases can also have great consequences
the ambiguities of the science has given rise to many passionate extremes.
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the size Troposphere is
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15 kilometers (14 to 18 km)
or
9 miles
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What is climate?
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it is the yearly expected cycle of what the temperature, precipitation, prevailing winds, humidity, air pressure, etc. will be like.
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Briefly describe the main characteristics of each layer of the atmosphere.
Troposphere
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14-18 km highall weather happens herealmost all water vapour is in this layer0° to -90°Cat top of pressure drops to 1/10 sea level pressure
the lowest layer of the atmosphere. This is the layer where most weather takes place. Most thunderstorms don't go much above the top of the troposphere (about 10 km) . In this layer, pressure and density rapidly decrease with height, and temperature generally decreases with height at a constant rate. The change of temperature with height is known as the lapse rate. The standard lapse rate for the troposphere is a decrease of about 6.5 degrees Celsius (C) per kilometer (km) (or about 12 degrees F). Near the surface, the lapse rate changes dramatically from hour to hour on clear days and nights.Sometimes the temperature does not decrease with height, but increases. Such a situation is known as a temperature inversion. Persistent temperature inversion conditions, which represent a stable layer, can lead to air pollution episodes...
The other main characteristic of the troposphere is that it is well-mixed. The name troposphere is derived from the Greek tropein, which means to turn or change. Air molecules can travel to the top of the troposphere (about 10 km up) and back down again in a just a few days. This mixing encourages changing weather.
The troposphere is bounded above by the tropopause, a boundary marked as the point where the temperature stops decreasing with height and becomes constant with height. Any layer where temperature is constant with height is called isothermal. The tropopause has an average height of about 10 km (it is higher in equatorial regions and lower in polar regions). This height corresponds to about 7 miles, or at approximately the 200 mb (20.0 kPa) pressure level. Above the troposphere is the stratosphere.
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What is the Gaia hypothesis?
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The Gaia hypothesis is that the earth is a living organism. It is self regulating. The Gaia hypothesis was thought up by James Lovelock.
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Give five fields of study or commerce / industry which satellite images are used to gather information
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1.) military
2.) weather
3.) agriculture and gov agriculture
4.) forestry. gov. foestry, environmentalists
5.)geology, geograaphy, population change
6.) disaster relief, aid agency
7.) city planning urban planning
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What are the sub-types of solar radiation?
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direct ultraviolet short wave radiation
and indirect short wave radiation
Sunlight contains three types of ultraviolet rays: UVA, UVB, and UVC.
UVA rays cause skin aging and wrinkling and contribute to skin cancer, such as melanoma. Because UVA rays pass effortlessly through the ozone layer they make up the majority of our sun exposure.
UVB rays are dagerous and effect the immune system. They also contribute to skin cancer. Most UVB rays are absorbed by the ozone layer, but enough of these rays pass through to cause serious damage.
UVC rays are the most dangerous, but fortunately, these rays are blocked by the ozone layer and don't reach the earth.
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Explain the formation of a hurricane.
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Hurricanes need four conditions to form:
low air pressure
warm temperatures
moist ocean air
tropical winds (near the equator).
Hurricanes form in the tropics, over warm ocean water (over 80ºF or 27ºC) and at latitudes between 8° and 20°, Hurricanes form mostly from June through November (hurricane season). These powerful storms are fueled by the heat energy that is released when water vapor condenses (turns into liquid water -- rain).
A hurricane goes through many stages as it develops:
1. It starts as a tropical wave, a westward-moving area of low air pressure.
2. As the warm, moist air over the ocean rises in the low air pressure area, cold air from above replaces it. This produces strong gusty winds, heavy rain and thunderclouds that is called a tropical disturbance.
3. As the air pressure drops and there are sustained winds up to 38 miles per hour, it is called a tropical depression.
4. When the cyclonic winds have sustained speeds from 39 to 73 miles per hour, it is called a tropical storm (storms are given names when they begin to have winds of this speed).
5. The storm becomes a hurricane when there are sustained winds of over 73 miles per hour.
The End of a Storm: When a hurricane travels over land or cold water, its energy source (warm water) is gone and the storm weakens, quickly dying.
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Explain how urban centres affect climate
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n urban climatologist studies the climate in and around cities. Urban areas are both affected by weather and climate, and exert an influence on the local scale weather and climate. The climate in and around cities and other built up areas is altered in part due to modifications humans make to the surface of the Earth during urbanization. The surface is typically rougher and often drier in cities, as naturally vegetated surfaces are replaced by buildings and paved streets. Buildings along streets form urban street "canyons" that cause the urban surface to take on a distinctly three-dimensional character. These changes affect the absorption of solar radiation, the surface temperature, evaporation rates, storage of heat and the turbulence and wind climates of cities and can drastically alter the conditions of the near-surface atmosphere. Human activities in cities also produce emissions of heat, water vapour and pollutants that directly impact the temperature, humidity, visibility and air quality in the atmosphere above cities. On slightly larger scales, urbanization can also lead to changes in precipitation above and downwind of urban areas. In fact, urbanization alters just about every element of climate and weather in the atmosphere above the city, and sometimes downwind of the city.
Although cities themselves form a very small fraction of the Earth's surface area, the world's population has become increasingly urbanized and is now affected by urban climates. Cities too, are important sites for greenhouse gas emissions because of the high energy demands by urban residents and activities. These emissions extend the (indirect) influence of cities on climate to much larger scales. Locally altered urban climates that have existed for many years may provide us with some insight into how to respond to large scale climate change and this makes the study of urban climates increasingly important.
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What is the steady state theory?
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The steady state theory is that the universe has allways and will allways be the same. It is expanding and it has allways expanded. Inorder for it to continue to expand new material is allways beging created [It does not reguire much new material to be constantly being created howeverr even that little bit no longer fits with what science knows.]. The steady state theory is no longer held to be true by science.
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One of the possible outcomes of the Big Bang is that the universe will?
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just keep expanding and then freezee die
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What percentage is forested?
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Using the same 16 sq grid division of the map (4 by 4) and having worked out the land area itself was 64.726 sq km
subtracting the red street areas city and the white area leaves about 7 and 3/4 of the 1/16 size squares green for forest. Having calculated earlier each of those square = 2.125 sg km time 7.75 of them = 16.468 forested dived by 64.726 total land = about 25.4% forested
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Explain how smog, dust and other particles in the atmosphere affect the amount of longwave radiation received at the surface earth?
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Absorption of longwave radiation, the heat radiating from the warmed earth, by the dust and smog causes additional heat energy to be added to the Earth's atmospheric system. Warmer atmospheric greenhouse gas molecules begin radiating longwave energy in all directions. Over 90% of this emission of longwave energy is directed back to the Earth's surface where it once again is absorbed by the surface making it warmer.
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Why would a cold front move faster?
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Because of the greater density of air in their wake, cold fronts and cold occlusions move faster than warm fronts and warm occlusions. Mountains and warm bodies of water can slow the movement of fronts.[2] When a front becomes stationary, and the density contrast across the frontal boundary vanishes, the front can degenerate into a line which separates regions of differing wind velocity, known as a shearline. This is most common over the open ocean.
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Part of the steady state theory is?
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that the universe has allways and will allways be the same.
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· what is the greenhouse effect
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There are two meanings of the term "greenhouse effect".
1.) There is a "natural" greenhouse effect that keeps the Earth's climate warm and habitable.
2.) There is also the "man-made" greenhouse effect, which is the enhancement of Earth's natural greenhouse effect by the addition of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels (mainly petroleum, coal, and natural gas).
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characteristics of the Stratosphere.
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size extends fr 14 to 18 km some say to 50 km
temp. climbs as one goes higher in this zone
can go above 1000 C
pressure drops to .00001 of sea level.
most meteors burn up in this zone
electrical charged ions produce the "Auroras"
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WHAT IS THE ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT
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Some of the activities of man also produce greenhouse gases. These gases keep increasing in the atmosphere. The balance of the greenhouse gases changes and this has effects on the whole of the planet.Burning fossil fuels - coal, oil and natural gas - releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Cutting down and burning trees also produces a lot of carbon dioxide.A group of greenhouse gases called the chlorofluorocarbons, - which are usually called CFCs, because the other word is much too long! - have been used in aerosols, such as hairspray cans, fridges and in making foam plastics. They are found in small amounts in the atmosphere. They are dangerous greenhouse gases because small amounts can trap large amounts of heat.Because there are more and more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, more heat is trapped which makes the Earth warmer. This is known as GLOBAL WARMING.A lot of scientists agree that man's activities are making the natural greenhouse effect stronger. If we carry on polluting the atmosphere with greenhouse gases, it will have very dangerous effects on the Earth.
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What are the white areas on the map?
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experimental farm land, land , grass or park land around buildings or along river banks.
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Part of the Fundy Park topographic map
1:50,000
Given the topographical map of Fund Park, New Br.; it measures 13 cm from the southern tip of Bennett lake TO THE PICNIC IN 4452. HOW MANY KILOMETEERS ON THE GROUND IS IT BETWEEN THE TWO POINTS? SHOW A
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1 to 50,000 means
1 cm measured on the map = 50,000 cm measured on the ground
thus 13 cm times 50,000 = 650,000 cm on the ground
i km = 100,000 cm
thus 650,000 divided by 100,000 = 6.5 km between the two points
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One of the diferences of georaphy from other studies is that
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it does not have a particular thing it studies.
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According to the symbols on the map, over the last three hours, the atmospheric pressuure at Regina was?
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risen 5 mb
This number and symbol (to the right of the central circle) tell how much the pressure has changed (in tenths of millibars) in the past three hours and the trend in the change of the pressure during that same period (is a symbol just after that number and not given on this weather map). In this example, the pressure was +5 millibars HIGHER than it was three hours ago.
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