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Definitions |
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number 4 refers to
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troposphere
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What is at 452268?
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Dows Lake
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List from biggest to smallest.
a star
supergalaxies
a galaxy
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supergalaxies
a galaxy
a star
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What is geography?
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Geography is
a science
of all process in both time and space
it has two main branches
physical geography
and
human geography
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According to this North American Air Masses chart you would place "Anytime of year" in blank ...?
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e
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given Fundy park topographical map. What is the direction of the marked picnic ground from Bennet Lake?
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south east
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The air, the resevoir for heat and moistur on the earth . All the gasses such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour and the ozone are refered to in geography as.
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atmosphere
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radiometric dating uses
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6 different radioactive isotopes which each have a stable .
isotope ..
Carbon 14 and carbon 12 are one of those pairs
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What is the lithosphere?
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The lithosphere is the collection of all of the various rocks both solid and broken as well as soil in and around the earth.
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0 degree line of longtitude is called
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Prime Merdian
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Given the air photo of entrance to Fundy National Park What are the light areas in the water in the upper right corner of the photo
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sand
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When people are getting out of bed in New Brunswick most people in Vancouver would be doing what?
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still sleeping.
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What is the biosphere?
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The biosphere is the collection and study of all living organisms in and around the earth.
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Geography is holistic because?
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combines the study of all branches of science and knowledge
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Some use the Gaia Hypothesis to suggest that the earth is
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a thinking organism
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What happens to atmospheric pressure as you go up through the layers of the atmosphere?
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drops steadly
gets less and less
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Explain how mountains affect climate
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The temperature on mountains becomes colder the higher the altitude gets.
Mountains tend to have much wetter climates than the surrounding flat land.
Mountain weather conditions can change dramatically from one hour to the next. For example, in just a few minutes a thunder storm can roll in when the sky was perfectly clear, and in just a few hours the temperatures can drop from extremely hot temperatures to temperatures that are below freezing.
They receive more rainfall than low lying areas because the temperature on top of mountains is lower than the temperature at sea level.
Winds carry moist air over the land. When air reaches the mountain, it rises because the mountains are in the way. As the air rises, it cools, and because cool air can carry less moisture than warm air, there is usually precipitation (rain).
The climate on a mountain varies depending on what altitude (how high) you are up a mountain. At the foothills (near the bottom) there may be a tropical climate, whilst the peaks (the very top of mountains) may be covered in ice. The uppermost level of mountains is often bare rock and snow. Tibet and the Himalayas and other mountain ranges such as the Rocky Mountains or the Andes are good examples of this.
You can often see snow on the top of mountains all year round, because the temperature at the top of mountains is lower than at the bottom. The higher the place is above sea level the colder it will be.
Some mountains reach higher than the clouds. At this altitude the extreme cold and high winds cause blizzards.
Mountains make it possible for snow to be found at the equator.
Generally the climate on mountains get progressively colder with increased altitude (the higher up you go). This happens because as altitude increases, air becomes thinner and is less able to absorb and retain heat. The cooler the temperature the less evaporation there is, meaning that there is more moisture in the air.
Air pressure decreases with altitude. As a result of the reduced air pressure, rising air expands and cools.
Because of the rapid changes in altitude and temperature along a mountain slope, multiple ecological zones are “stacked” upon one another sometimes ranging from dense tropical jungles to glacial ice within a few kilometres.
Mountains can affect the climate of nearby lands. In some areas, mountains block rain, so that one side of a mountain range may be rainy and the other side may be a desert.
Rain ShadowMuch of airborne moisture falls as rain on the windward side of mountains. This often means that the land on the other side of the mountain (the leeward side) gets far less rain—an effect called a "rain shadow"—which often produces a desert.
The higher the mountain, the more pronounced the rain shadow effect is and the less likely rain will fall on the leeward side.By the time the air gets to the leeward side of the mountain it has already lost some of its moisture.
Many of the deserts of the world are formed because of the lack of moisture blocked by the mountains. The Gabi desert is located behind the Himalaya mountain range in Asia.
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What season of the year does position B represent in the northern hemisphere?
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Winter
winter solstice Dec 21
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What happens to temperatures as one goes up through the layers of the atmosphere?
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rises and falls repeatedly
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size of the Stratosphere.
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14 to 18 km
some say 50 km
others 10 kilometers (8-14.5 miles) and goes to approximately fifty kilometers high (about 30 miles)
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According to the climograph, the coldest month in Toronto is?
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JANUARY at about -7 Centigrade
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The steady state theory is?
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that the universe has allways and will allways be the same. It is expanding and it has allways expanded. Inorder for it to continue to expand new material is allways beging created [It does not reguire much new material to be constantly being created howeverr even that little bit no longer fits with what science knows.]. The steady state theory is no longer held to be true by science.
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The Internation Date Line is found at
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180 degrees east or west
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characteristics of the Thermosphere/Ionosphere.
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temp. go up as you increase in altitude
temp can go as high as 1,727 degrees C
chemical reactions occur much faster here than on earth's surface
lectronic charged ions produce the "Auroras"
also known as the upper atmosphere
pressure drops to .00001 of that of sea level at top of this level.
most meteors burn up in this zone
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Where is ithe exosphere found?
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above 600 km
10,000 to 13,000 km out
extends far into outer space
last layer before outer space
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Briefly describe the main characteristics of each layer of the atmosphere.
Mesospheremesophere
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the middle layer in the atmosphere (hence, mesosphere). There are two key points about the mesosphere. First, temperature in the mesosphere decreases with height. At the top of the mesosphere, air temperature reaches its coldest value, around -90 degrees Celsius (or -130 degrees Fahrenheit). The second point is that the air is extremely thin at this level. Over 99.9 percent of the atmosphere's mass lies below the mesosphere. However, the proportion of nitrogen and oxygen at these levels is about the same as at sea level.
The mesosphere is bounded above by the mesopause. The average height of the mesopause is about 85 km (53 miles), where the atmosphere again becomes isothermal. This is around the 0.005 mb (0.0005 kPa) pressure level. Above the mesosphere is the thermosphere.
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The steady state theory is?
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no longer held to be true by science.
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Part of the Gaia hypothesis is?
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that the earth is a living organism.
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What is at D?
You can refer to a Fredricton NB map. It is the name of the place that is asked for.
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St.John River, Doak Settlement, City of Ferdercton, Nashwaak River, Railroad (now pedesstrian) bridge
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What is at B
You can refer to a Fredricton NB map. It is the name of the place that is asked for.
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St.John River, Doak Settlement, City of Ferdercton, Nashwaak River, Railroad (now pedesstrian) bridge
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the troposphere and stratosphere contain
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99% of all the air in the atmosphere
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Identify (simply) the types of solar radiation which reach the earth's atmosphere?
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short wave (direct and indirect)
both reflect and are absorbed by atmosphere
thus reducing direct short wave radiation reaching the earth's surface and increasing indirect short wAve radiation.
long wave radiation - product of re-radiation from earth's surface, of absorbed short wave energy.
amount of long wave radiation goes up with increased particles in the ir to re reflect back.
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Which moves faster? A cold front or a warm front?
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Cold fronts and occluded fronts generally move from west to east, faster while warm fronts move poleward and are stickier thus move in jumps and stops, or like waves.
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What are time zones?
How many are there?
How wide are they?
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a region on Earth, more or less bounded by lines of longitude that has a uniform, legally mandatedstandard time, usually referred to as the local time.
there are 24 time zones
each is 15' of longitude
which equals at the equator
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At which position is the earth during the rainy season in St. Lucia?
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D through C to B
June through December
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What (SIMPLY) are the sub-types of solar radiation?
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SHORT WAVE RADITION WHICH IF IT REACHES THE EARTH IS NAMED DIRECT SHORT WAVE AND IF IT IS ABSORBED BY THE ATMOSPHER AND THEN RE-RADIATED IS CALLED INDIRECT SHORT WAVE RADATION.
LONG WAVE RADDIATION IS CREATED WHEN THE EARTH ABSORBS THE ENERGY OF THE SHORT WAVE RADIATION AND THEN RE-RADIATES THAT ENERGY AS LONG WAVE. IF IT IS ABSORBED BY THE ATMOSPHERE AND THEN RE-RADIATED IT IS CALLED INDIRECT LONG WAVE RADIATION
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How do pressure and wind systems control climate?
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Atmospheric pressure and wind are both significant controlling factors of Earth’s weather and climate. Although these two physical variables may at first glance appear to be quite different, they are in fact closely related. Wind exists because of horizontal and vertical differences (the pressure gradient) between a high pressure area and a low pressure area.a pressure gradient which is the measure of the difference of the pressure flowing from the high to the low over the distance that separates them which is in effect the wind between the two.
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How can the problem of global warming and the greenhouse effect be corrected over time
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By some stroke of providence, every step we need to take to reverse the greenhouse effect is worth doing anyway. Every step is technically possible. Most of them will even save money. Unfortunately for our sense of drama, preventing global climate change need not be a great, grim sacrifice. We are not called upon to save the world. Instead we have an opportunity to build a better one.
Here's a list a list of anti-greenhouse measures, in order of effectiveness, as I heard them presented to an international meeting last month:
- Use energy much more efficiently (which would also cut fuel bills, urban smog, acid rain, oil spills, toxic wastes, and oil imports),
- Phase out chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) completely and quickly (an international treaty has already mandated a partial phase-out, in order to repair the "ozone hole"),
- Accelerate the transition to solar, wind, hydro, and biomass energy sources (which would have all the beneficial effects of energy efficiency and ensure an inexhaustible energy supply),
- Shift fossil fuel use away from coal and oil and toward natural gas (an interim measure until solar sources are tapped -- it would also reduce many air pollutants),
- Stop deforestation and accelerate reforestation (thereby sustaining the supply of forest products, reducing soil erosion, flood, and drought, moderating temperatures, and preserving endangered species),
- Increase use-efficiency and recycling of all materials and of water (which would save money, reduce energy needs, extend the lives of mines and groundwaters, and reduce municipal solid waste, toxic waste, mine waste, and water pollution),
- Practice low-input agriculture (reducing farm costs, increasing energy efficiency, restoring soils and wildlife, reducing water pollution, improving health).
- Slow population growth in poor countries, where 90% of population growth takes place. Slow wasteful consumption in rich countries. (These two measures would ease every environmental problem and most economic ones -- and without them the other steps listed here would just be stop-gaps.)
Some people find this list an exciting challenge. Others think it sounds like Exercise Properly, Get Enough Sleep, Floss Your Teeth. We know our lives would be better if we did these things, but somehow there's a barrier of habit to get over -- we'd really rather not think about it.
People will never change their comfortable little self-destructive habits, some say. Let's talk about adapting to climate change; we'll never prevent it.
I'm not willing to be that fatalistic. I believe in good old self-serving human rationality. I think that anyone, however lazy or greedy, who looks at the full costs and benefits of preventing climate change, as opposed to enduring it, will see that there is no better payoff on the planet than greenhouse prevention.
At least the first few steps could be trivially easy. If West Germany put a speed limit on its Autobahns, it would reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 26 million tons per year. By buying efficient refrigerators, Americans have already cut electricity use enough to avoid building 80 coal-fired power plants (and saved $5 for every $1 spent on the refrigerators). We could save more money and reduce refrigeration energy by another 2/3 by installing the most efficient models now on the market.
WHO should lead the way? Governments? Individuals? The only possible answer is both, with the realization that in democracies the people are always out in front. And there's plenty we can do. The Greenhouse Crisis Foundation has come out with a list of 101 things YOU can do to stop global climate change. You can imagine what's on it.
Buy energy efficient appliances and a car with the highest possible gas mileage. Insulate your home, caulk and weatherstrip your doors and windows, turn off lights when you're not using them. On nice days use the sun, not the clothes dryer. Reuse, repair, recycle everything you can. Don't buy stuff you don't need. Shop with a re-usable canvas bag; turn down BOTH paper and plastic bags from the stores. Shun overpackaged products and bug manufacturers about them. Don't take unnecessary car trips. Don't speed. Buy organic food, not junk food. Plant trees. Plant a garden and don't use chemical fertilizers or pesticides on it, or on your lawn. Write to Congress and the President.
It may sound like Eat Balanced Meals, Don't Smoke, and Balance Your Checkbook, and in a way it is -- it's what adult people need to do, as an unremarkable matter of habit, to make their lives and their planet work. As Winston Churchill once said, "Sometimes you have to do what is required."
Or as Buckminster Fuller used to say, it's time to grow up. The human race has been like a bird in the egg, supplied with an abundance of nutrient, and an unpolluted space into which to develop -- to a certain point. We've exhausted the nutrient and the space. "We are going to have to spread our wings of intellect and fly, or perish."
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One of the possible outcomes of the Big Bang will be?
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if there is a critical amount of mass to the uniiverse it will colapse - implode
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scale is 1:50,000
WHAT IS THE SACLE IN CM TO KM?
SHOW ALL YOUR CALCULATIONS.
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every cm measured on the map would be 50,000 actual cm on the ground.
in a Km are 100,000 cm.
thus multiple the meaurement in cm on the map by 50,000 and then divide the answer by 100,000 to = Km
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According to the symbols on the map, the atmospheric pressure at Regina is?
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922.5 mb
At the upper right is the atmospheric pressure reduced to mean sea level in millibars (mb) to the nearest tenth with the leading 9 or 10 omitted. In this case the pressure would be 922.5 mb. If the pressure was plotted as 022 it would be 1022.5 mb. When trying to determine whether to add a 9 or 10 use the number that will give you a value closest to 1000 mb.
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WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
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With more heat trapped on Earth, the planet will become warmer, which means the weather all over Earth will change. For example, summers will get hotter, and winters too. This may seem a good idea, but the conditions we are living in are perfect for life, and a large rise in temperature could be terrible for us and for any other living thing on Earth.
At the moment, it is difficult for scientists to say how big the changes will be and where the worse effects will occur.
The Weather
the effects on the weather will be different all over the world, some places will become drier and others will be wetter. Although most areas will be warmer, some areas will become cooler. There may be many storms, floods and drought, but we do not know which areas of the world will be affected.All over the world, these weather changes will affect the kind of crop that can be grown. Plants, animals and even people may find it difficult to survive in different conditions.
Sea Levels
Higher temperatures will make the water of the seas and oceans expand. Ice melting in the Antarctic and Greenland will flow into the sea.
All over the world, sea levels may rise, perhaps by as much as 20 to 40 cm, by the beginning of the next century Higher sea levels will threaten the low-lying coastal areas of the world, such as the Netherlands and Bangladesh. Throughout the world, millions of people and areas of land will be at danger from flooding. Many people will have to leave their homes and large areas of farmland will be ruined because of floods.
Farming
The changes in the weather will affect the types of crops grown in different parts of the world. Some crops, such as wheat and rice grow better in higher temperatures, but other plants, such as maize and sugarcane do not. Changes in the amount of rainfall will also affect how many plants grow.The effect of a change in the weather on plant growth may lead to some countries not having enough food. Brazil, parts of Africa, south-east Asia and China will be affected the most and many people could suffer from hunger.
Water
Everywhere in the world, there is a big demand for water and in many regions, such as the Sahara in Africa, there is not enough water for the people. Changes in the weather will bring more rain in some countries, but others will have less rain.
In Britain, the Southeast will be at risk from drought.
IN DANGER!
Plants & Animals
It has taken million of years for life to become used to the conditions on Earth. As weather and temperature changes, the homes of plants and animals will be affected all over the world.For example, polar bears and seals, will have to find new land for hunting and living, if the ice in the Arctic melts.Many animals and plants may not be able to cope with these changes and could die. This could cause the loss of some animal and plant species in certain areas of the world or everywhere on Earth.
People in danger
The changes in climate will affect everyone, but some populations will be at greater risk. For example, countries whose coastal regions have a large population, such as Egypt and China, may see whole populations move inland to avoid flood risk areas. The effect on people will depend on how well we can adapt to the changes and how much we can do to reduce climate change in the world.
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If it is March 17 in Tokyo.
What day is it in Canada?
And in St. Lucia?
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March 16 in Canada
The same in St. Lucia
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List 5 things to the best of your current geographic knowledge make the earth unique.
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1.) distance from the sun means the earth is not too hot 2.) or too cold for life.
3.) There is an atmospher that provides oxigen to support life.
4.) There is an abundance of water to support life.
5.) The mass / size of the earth is such that we are neither too thin and tall (with less gravity / masss) 0r so flat and thick (with more gravitry / mass)
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