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Complete list of Terms and Definitions for Computer

Terms Definitions
IEEE1394 FireWire
to underline ctrl+U
checkbox creates one checkbox
Euclidean distance where r=2dist(p,q)= ((p(k)-q(k))^2)^1/2k=1where n is the number of dimensions (attributes) p(k) and q(k) are respectively, the kth attributes (components) or data objects p and q.
MS-DOS- Disk Operating System; originally introduced with IBM PC in 1981.
byte eight binary digits or bits
Hypertext an interactive cross-referenced system that allows textual information to be linked in nonsequential ways. A hypertext document contains links that lead quickly to other parts of the document or to related documents
LAN Local Area Network  share files and messages with other computer on network
Proximity refers to both similarity and dissimilarity
Pascaline Pascal's mechanical device that used gears and wheels to perform addition and subtraction
87. Paste To insert information from the Clipboard. Information can be pasted multiple times
A finite sequence of unambiguous executable steps that will ultimately terminate if followed Algorithm
compile To put together documents, selections, or other materials in one book or work.
Defragment To concatenate fragments of data into contiguous blocks in memory or on a hard drive
data mining the process of extracting patterns from data. an increasingly more important tool used to turn data into information.
routers special computers that find a path through the internet networks from your computer to the correct destination
save a program on some non volatile medium
10. Bit A unit of measurements that represents on figure or character of data. A bit is the smallest unit of storage in a
Binary A numbering system with only two values.
Creates smooth, rounded appearance Gourad and Phong Shading
interleaving a method for making data retrieval more efficient by rearranging the sectors on a hard disk so that the they can be read in alternating cycles
Gradient A color effect in which the shade gradually changes as it proceeds across the image.
Tablet PC a special type of notebook computer that allows you to write or draw on the screen using a digital pen
Systems design phase produces a plan to efficiently implement the requirements
What level is !, unary +, unary - 1
Peripheral A piece of hardware that's outside the main computer. It usually refers to external hardware such as disk drives, printers, and scanners sold by a third party.
95. Query The process by which a web client requests specific information from a web server, based on a character string that is passed along.
RTF A file format for text files that includes formatting instructions. Also called Interchange Format.
password a secret word or expression used by authorized persons to prove their right to access, information, etc.
secondary storage storage, as on disk or tape, supplemental to and slower than main storage, not under the direct control of the CPU and generally contained outside it
LABEL The _ element can be used to attach labels to form elements in a way that aids accessibility.
memory unit holds the instructions and data of a program while it is executing
8. Binary Number System A counting system used in computers consisting of only 1’s and 0’s (zeros).
view point of where objects ar eprojected from Center of Projection
Menu A listing in software that gives you choices of what you can do or parts of the program with which you can work.
As a database designer, you need two different kinds of skills: soft and hard
computer based information system makes uses of comptuer hardware and software databases telecommunications people and procedures to manage and distribute digital information
A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of components that support data acquisition, dissemination, maintenance, retrieval, and formatting.
The Four Most important factors for Internet Growth: E-mail - first killer application for the Internet Invention of the WWW - every documanet has an address - URL Browser - Everyday people could use a GUI(graphical user interface) to navigate the Web Allowing commerce on the Internet - prior to that law - only used for research. After businesses and customers could interact.
When we say that a file virus has replicated, we mean that Part of the virus code has been executed and has made a new copy of the virus hidden inside an executable file
Abeyance Suspension
virus self-replicating program
corrupts and destroys data
PDA personal digital assistant
Mosaic / Netscape Web Browsers
bandwidth capacity or speed in general
False is a ____________ value zero
mp3 Compressed audio format: Apple iTunes
Microsoft Powerpoint is used for presentations in High school all the time.
procedure a particular way of accomplishing something or of acting
Grid computing Uses available computing resources more efficiently. Addresses a single programming problem by tapping the unused processing capabilities of many PC's via a network.
83. On-line Actively connected to other computers or devices. You're on-line when you've logged on to a network, BBS, or on-line service. A device such as a printer is on-line when it's turned on and accessible to a computer. If you're not on-line then you're off-line.
Straight lines that objects are projected through Projectors
Megabyte Like the kilobyte, the megabyte doesn't contain a nice even number of bytes. Though by definition, a megabyte should contain 1,000,000 bytes. Abbreviation: "MB"
Network a collection of computers that can share resources.
Data quality problems (examples) -noise and outliers-missing values-duplicate data
If documents are enclosed in a letter, you would use the notation enclosure
The most common computer memory which can be used RAM
19. CPU Central Processing Unit; the brains of the computer. The CPU interprets and executes the actual computing tasks.
Keyboard Specified words used in text search engines.
designing and constructing a set from digitally encoded data and algorithms Modeling
queue a FIFO-organized sequence of items, as data, messages, jobs, or the like, waiting for action
Systems Software A group of programs that coordinate and control the resources and operations of a computer system
      Firewalls A program, often run on a dedicated computer, that filters information between a private network and the rest of the internet. A set of security rules, created by a network administrator, determines which packets can enter and leave the local network. 
Difference operator the operation that retrieves the rows in the first table but not in the second table
Processor A computer on a chip; the electronic circuitry for handling input/output signals from the peripheral devices. Most new system units have an Intel Pentium 4, Celeron, or Itanium. Also known as the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
81. Netiquette A form of online etiquette. This term refers to an informal code of conduct that governs what is generally considered to be the acceptable way for users to interact with one another online
Parallel cable A cable used to connect peripheral devices through a computer's parallel port. A type of port that transmits data in parallel (several bits side by side).
configure to put a computer system together by supplying a specific computer with appropriate peripheral devices and connecting them
Duplicate data data set may include objects that are duplicates (this is major issue when merging data from heterogeneous sources)
What view is the view used when wanting to view all slides in the presentation on same screen? Slide show
113. Taskbar An area that runs across the bottom (usually) of the Windows 95 desktop. Running applications are represented as buttons on the taskbar, the current window is shown as a depressed button, and all other applications are displayed as raised buttons.
The act of breaking the problem down into sub-problems during the design phase of program development Step-wise Refinement
Both CMYK and RGB Which colors are defined by the mathematical LAB model?
If Bob sends a message to Alice encrypted with Alice's public key, it must be decrypted using Alice's private key
A data type that consists of a predetermined storage system and a collection of predefined operations Abstract data type
To move the cursor to the next word press ctrl+ right arrow
What are the 2 ways to determine which XP version/service pack you are running? 1. Right-click My Computer -> Properties -> General tab. 2. Start -> Run -> winver.exe -> Enter
Retribution Vengeance
cad computer-aided design.
spreadsheet file/microsoft exel xls
KB, KBytes, Kilobytes 1000 bytes
Port A connection socket or jack
Analog Computer in which continuously variable physical quantities, such as 
electrical potential, fluid pressure, or mechanical motion, are used to 
represent (analogously) the quantities in the problem to be solved
Creates bumpy, rounded appearance Bump Mapping
printer a ? produces hard copy output
Systems Analysis Phase Produces requirements describing processes, data, and environment interactions
provides high speeds and consumes little power uses battery power CMOS
100. Router A special purpose computer that attaches to two or more networks and routes packets from one network to the other. A router uses network layer addresses (such as IP Addresses) to determine if packets should be sent from one network to another. Routers send packets to other routers until they arrive at their final destination.
real-time pertaining to applications in which the computer must respond as rapidly as required by the user or necessitated by the process being controlled
Multi-tasking Running two or more distinct computer operations simultaneously—one in the foreground, the other(s) in the background.
    Signs of Hijacked Computer -Computer running slower -Popup ads -New toolbars in browser -Homepage changes -Unfamilar search page -Strange software loads -New entries in favorites
Domain Name Logical name for computing system, .com, .edu
input device and hardware component that allows users to enter data or instrucitons into a computer
Insert place data in select areas of document
35. Filter A piece of software that an application uses for file-format conversion or special effects. PageMaker, for example, has a filter that lets it import Microsoft Word files, while Photoshop has dozens of filters for special effects (such as image blurring). Filters can be part of the main application or external programs called plug-ins.
utility program system software used to perform standard operations, such as sorting data for application programs or other system software
nest to place a routine inside another routine that is at a higher hierarchical level
Systems software- A group of programs that coordinate and control the recourses and operations of a computer system.
    Online Outlaws: The perpetrators 1. Spammers 2. Web designers 3. Exploiters 4. Cashiers 5. Droppers
Principal The amount of money owed on a loan.
(Random access memory ) also called main memory, consists of memory chips. RAM memory
Netiquette A form of online etiquette. This term refers to an informal code of conduct that governs what is generally considered to be the acceptable way for users to interact with one another online.
86. Parallel Cable A cable used to connect peripheral devices through a computer's parallel port. A type of port that transmits data in parallel (several bits side by side).
Final Field Once marked as final, these items cannot be changed.
latency the time required to locate the first bit or character in a storage location, expressed as access time minus word time
Mouse A handled device used to move the cursor around the screen without using the keyboard.
Data mining: the confluence of disciplines statistics, visualization, algorithms, pattern recognition, machine learning, database technology
CPU (central processing unit) piece of hardware that processes data
106. Search Engine A type of software that creates indexes of databases or Internet sites based on the titles of files, key words, or the full text of files.
export to save documents or data in a format usable by another software program
In 1957, the U.S.S.R launched _____ Sputnik. - first artificial earth satellite ARPA (advanced research projects agency)
T flip flip XOR insidewe use it to make a counter
double click to click a mouse button twice in rapid succession, as to open a program or select a file:
54. Inactive Window A window that is open but is not the top window.
What four wizards does the Backup Utility provide access to? 1. The Backup And Restore Wizard 2. The Backup Wizard (Advanced) 3. The Restore Wizard (Advanced) 4. The Automated System Recovery Wizard.
TERMS:(MOdular/DEModulator)A DEVICE THAT LINKS THE COMPUTER TO OTHER COMPUTERS VIA THE COMPUTERS VIA THE TELEPHONE LINES TO SEND AND RECEIVE DATA. THE MODEM MODULATES DIGITAL DATA INTO ANALOG SIGNALS SEND OVER A PHONE LINE, THEN DEMODULATES INCOMING ANALO MODEM
The most common computer memory RAM
TERMS:THE INFORMATION THE COMPUTER RECEIVES, SUCH AS PUNCHED CARDS OR MAGNETIC TAPE INPUT
System files Allows your computer to work
To recieve a file or document Download
TERMS:INSTRUCTIONS STORED ON THE DISK THAT TELL THE COMPUTER WHAT TO DO SOFTWARE
Antivirus Software Programs that protect a computer against viruses. Most anti-virus programs also protect against other malware.
A system of internet servers that support speciall WWW
WHAT IS THE LANGUAGE DESIGNED FOR CHILDREN? LOGO
WHAT GENERATION COMPUTERS WAS THE VACUUM TUBE MACHINES? FIRST GENERATION
Application Software Programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist with personal tasks. Examples include: word processing software, presentation software, spreadsheet software and database software.
It is memory whose contents can be accessed but no ROM
WHAT GENERATION COMPUTER DID THEY USE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SEMICONDUCTERS 1.CONSISTED OF MANY TRANSISTORS AND OTHER ELECTRONIC ELEMENTS FUSED ONTO A CHIP? THIRD GENERATION
The ____ of the worksheet shows the actual formulas you have entered, rather than the resulting values. formulas version
The act of passing from one state of place to anot Transition
TERMS:A DEVICE USED TO READ DATA FROM DISK AND TO WRITE DATA ON DISK DISK DRIVE
Every time you enter a value into a cell in the worksheet, Excel automatically ____ formulas. recalculates all
Hard Drive Also called hard disk. This is a storage device that serves as the computer's electronic filing cabinet, and it stores the computer's operating system, files, programs and documents. Some hard drives are portable and known as an external hard drive or a removable hard drive.
WHAT ARE THE THREE COMPONENTS OF PACS? 1.DISPLAY SYSTEM 2.NETWORK 3.STORAGE SYSTEM
In the Print dialog box shown in the accompanying figure, the ____ instructs Excel to print the selected range. Selection option button
Directory (AKA Folder, sub-directory) Allows you to organize files and other folders.
THE COBOL (COMMON BUSINESS ORIENTED LANGUAGE) IS WHAT? DESIGNED FOR CODING BUSINESS DATA PROCESSING PROBLEMS
To toggle between the values version and the formulas version of a worksheet, hold down the ____ key. CTRL key while pressing the ACCENT MARK (`)
To instruct Excel to display a hidden column, position the mouse pointer to the ____. right of the column heading boundary where the hidden column is located and then drag to the right