Complete List of Terms and Definitions for CS&E Final Exam Review

Terms Definitions
Perocatio Summary
break tag <br>
Scheme-Forcing evaluation Use Eval
USB flash drive LEGIT $hit
____________________Order of operation for equal level precedence. Associativity
compound statements any list of statements
_______ cells can't be modified Locked
Exclusive Responsibility Personal responsibility (not anyone else's)
array a contiguous block of memory containing elements of the same type, accessed by numeric index.
Rules(productions) A finite set of replacement rules
Abstract classes can be instantiated like any other class. FALSE
process by which producers and consumers release stored energy from food molecules respiration
slide show shows the presentation on screen without menus.
leaf a tree node containing a contents value but with no children.
injective describes a mapping in which each element of the domain maps to a single element of the range. Also, one-to-one.
is a linear or binary search faster? binary
Proof A sound argument that establishes the truth of a theorem
Computation Set the value of "variable" to "arithmetic expression."
Static methods may not refer to this. TRUE
&lt;var&gt; *= &lt;expr&gt;;

Equivalent to?
(for loop updates) 		&lt;var&gt; = &lt;var&gt; * (&lt;expr&gt;);
schema theory individuals understand what they read only as it relates to what they already know
Data that is transferred from a program to the monitor Output
Enumerators a procedure that emits all members of a set one at a time
mapping association of one or more elements of a Range set with each element of a Domain set
Ethernet addressing Each packet has a source and destination, both of which are identified in the packet's header. A packet placed on the Ether eventually propagates to all stations. Any station can copy a packet from the Ether into its local memory, but normally only an active destination station matching its address in the packet's header will do so as the packet passes.
Scheme Internal Structure Each element is a cons cell.
transistor device that can be switched between ON and OFF states
Step 2: Design • Determine the necessary algorithms (and possibly other
aspects of the program) and sketch out a design for them.
• This is where we figure out how the program will solve
the problem.
• Algorithms are often designed using pseudocode.
• more informal than an actual programming language
• allows us to avoid worrying about the syntax of the language
Test Description Provides test data and procedures for individual tests
In the openeing scene of hte horror film, a shoadowy figure dressed in black ___________ through the graveyard skulk
Olmsted vs US Olmsted line was wiretapped, and used as evidence against him. (US won, but rule was overturned by Katz vs US)
relative path a path that begins at present working directory
ancestors in a tree, the union of a node's parent and the parent's ancestors.
join for matrix (AvB) Or of corresponding pair of values in a matrix
Ways to increase CPU performance increase clock rate.improve processor organization to lower CPI.enhancements that lower the instruction count or generate instructions with a lower average CPI
Overview of the Programming Process: Step 1: Analysis and Specification
Step 2: Design
Step 3: Implementation
Step 4: Testing and Debugging
When I saw the fain he caused others and the pleasure he took in doing so, I realized he was a truly __________ person malevolent
When and why was the internet invented? (2) Study Card 1962-1969 "fishnet structure"&@& (architecture) explored, as well as "packet switching"&@&(protocols). both of these were new methods to relay messages across network.
critical path in a PERT chart or scheduling graph, a path from the initial state to the goal such that any increase in time required along the critical path will increase the time to complete the whole project
self-synchronizing transmission system based on the contents of the message sender and receiver can figure out the message without precise time measurements
Horn clause only or's and at most one non negated term
Should class names always begin with a capital or lowercase letter? A capital letter.
Name the four topologies used in LAN. BUS, RING, STAR, MESH
Network Address Translation a router like a home router takes from IP addresses and replaces them with its own IP address than it puts those values in a chart with inside/outside IP address and Port number
General syntax for the main method: public static void main(String[] args) {
&lt;statement&gt;;
&lt;statement&gt;;
…
&lt;statement&gt;;
}


where each &lt;statement&gt; is replaced by a single instruction.
SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM) Designed to work with the CPU clock to work faster than DRAM
Why does a browser need caching? A browser can reduce download times significatly by saving a copy of each image in a cache on the user's disk and using the cached copy
Name the three types of Satellites: LEO Low Earth Orbit, MEO Medium Earth Orbit, GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit
What are the basic steps in calculating a CRC? Calculate how many bits the CRC will be. Let r = the number of bits the dataword is and d= number of bits the data word is. Then 1 + r = D will give you the number of bits the CRC will be. Append r 0’s to the end of the dataword. Calculate the CRC by dividing the generator into the dataword with the new 0’s appended to the end of it. Then XOR the bits together instead of subtracting them like you would in normal long division. Do this until there are no more 0’s to bring down. Once all of the 0’s have been brought down you are done and the remainder is your CRC. Then the sender takes the CRC and appends it to the end of dataword and sends the new dataword to the receiver. The receiver then calculates the CRC for the original dataword and then compares it to the CRC that it received with the dataword. If the two match then the data is good otherwise it request a new copy of the dataword from the sender.
What is the 5-4-3 rule in a LAN configuration? 5 - the number of network segments 4 - the number of repeaters needed to join the segments into one collision domain 3 - the number of network segments that have active (transmitting) devices attached 2 - the number of segments that do not have active devices attached 1 - the number of collision domains
hypothetical Syllogism p->q,q->r/∴p->r
Denying the hypothesis P->t~p_____∴~t
reference a pointer to data.
Iteration for &lt;var&gt; in &lt;string&gt;
Ex of constructions new JButton("Click Here");
Breadth-first search uses a stack. FALSE
Pseudo-arguments Arguments based on opinions (Refusing to have open minds, Lack of shared assumptions)
linear O(n), a problem whose solution requires a linear amount of time or space if the problem is size of n.
Regular Expression A character, empty string, concatenation, alteration, repetition
An ActionListener registered with a JMenuItem is invoked automatically
whenever that JMenuItem is selected by the user. 		TRUE
When the candidate admitted openly that he had been mistaken in some of his earlier polieciees we______ him more highly than ever eesteem
1 KB is approximately x bytes 1000 bytes
goal an item (or description of items) being sought in a search.
one-to-one describes a mapping in which each element of the domain maps to a single element of the range. Also, injective
Integrated peripherals hit inside computer case,Fans, cd drive etc.
Bound variable A quantified variable in a predicate
IEEE 754 significand represents the 24/53 bit number. while fraction(not IEEE 754) uses 23/52-1^s x (1 + fraction) x 2^E-bias
Switch expression The expression whose value determines which "switch" label is selected. It must be an integer type other than "long."
Variable A named location in the computer's memory
that is used to store a value.
caldecott award best in children's illustration- one per year
Any expression evaluating to Zero is considered _____________? False
External Coupling when multiple modules share the same externally imposed data format, communication protocol, or device interface
hash function a function that is deterministic but randomizing, i.e. whose output is a relatively small integer that appears to be a random function of the key value
constructive describes a function that makes a new data structure but does not modify its arguments.
Ethernet packet format Preamble: 8 bytes Destination address: 6 bytes Source Address: 6 bytes Length 2 bytes Data: Min 46 Checksum: 4bytes
recurrence relation A recurrence relation for the sequence a0, a1, . . . is an equation that expresses term ak in terms of one ormore of its preceding sequence members, one of more of which are explicitly stated initial conditions ofthe sequence.
Computing Agent The machine, robot, person, or thing carrying out the steps of the algorithm.
Definite Loops Repeat actions a fixed number of times(iterations).
• To repeat the body of a loop &lt;N&gt; times, we typically
take one of the following approaches:
for (int i = 0; i &lt; &lt;N&gt;; i++) {
&lt;body of the loop&gt;
}

OR

for (int i = 1; i &lt;= &lt;N&gt;; i++) {
&lt;body of the loop&gt;
}
Text file A file that contains characters from the
ASCII or Unicode character sets.
The sudden drop in temperature and the unnatural stillness in the air were___________ signs of an unfavorable change in the weather ominous
List the features of TCP. Transmission Control Protocol • Connection Oriented • Point-To-Point Communication • Complete Reliability • Full Duplex communication • Stream Interface • Reliable Connection Startup • Graceful Connection Shutdown
present working directory default/current path being used by the user
symbol table a data structure that links names to information about the objects denoted by the names.
Runtime Stack a stack containing a stack frame of variable values for each active invocation of a procedure.
collision resolution once a computer senses a collusion it sends a jamming signal then stops transmitting until system is idle then it picks a "random" wait time and will repeat if necessary until the messages get through
overflow fp a situation in which a pos exp becomes too large to fit in the exp field
Java Virtual Machine (JVM) A theoretical computer whose machine language is the set of Java bytecodes.

A JVM isn't an actual machine.

When we compile programs to this level, there isn't much work remaining to turn the Java bytecodes into actual machine instructions.
The unruly mob treated as the line of deputies moved forward slowle ______ their riot sticks brandish
AT&T Long Distance Bug The failure of one switching system caused a message to be sent to nearby switching units to tell them that there was a problem. The arrival of the message, however, caused them to fail as well.
circularly linked list a linked list in which the last element points back to the first element.
security system? set of actions put in place to prevent bad consequences
(binary) relation A (binary) relation from set X to set Y is a subset of the Cartesian Product of the domain X and the codomain Y .
Java’s Floating-Point Types • Java has two primitive types for floating-point numbers:

float (32 bits) and double (64 bits).

• We typically use double because of its greater precision
Compare client and server applications, and thier characteristics Server application: Starts first, Does not need to know which clinet will contact it, Waits passively and arbitrarily long for contact from a client, Communicaates with a client by both sending and recieving data, Stays running after servicing one client Client Application: Starts second, Must know which server to contact, initiaites a contact whenever communication is needd, Communicates with a server by sending a recieving data, May terminate after interacting a sever.
ingredients of a computer program? data and algorithms - group of instructions for performing some task
How do the Programming language, compiler and architecture affect performance? Determines the number of machine instructions for each source-level statement
Why is CSMA/CA needed in wireless LAN? Carrier Sense Multi-Access Collision Avoidance is needed in wireless LAN to ensure that all stations share the transmission medium correctly. Because computers on a wireless LAN can span distances greater than a signal can propagate, wireless LANs use CSMA/CA in which the sending and receiving computers each send a control message before packet transmission occurs.
When we allow for negative integers (which Java does)
n bits can represent any integer from: 		-2^(n-1) to 2^(n-1) -1

• there's one fewer positive value to make room for 0
Define XML and compare it with HTML XML - Extensible Markup Language - both languages embed tags into a text document. Unlike HTML, the tags in XML are not specified a priority and do not correspond to formatting commands. Instead, XML describes the structure of data and provides names for each field. Tags in XML are well-balanced - each occurrence of a tag <X> must be followed by a </X>. Tags can be created as needed, and names can be selected to make parsing easier.
What is the funciton of the Application Layer? Protocols in the top later of TCP/IP stack specify how a pair of applications interact when they communicate. Layer 5 protocols specify details about the format and meaning of messages that applications can exchange as well as procedures to be followed during communication. Specifications for email exchange, file transfer, web browsing, telephone services, and video teleconferencing all belong in layer 5.
Relatively prime & pairwise Relatively prime If the GCD of a and b is 1, then a and b are relatively prime_________________________________________When the members of a set of integers are all relatively prime to one another, they are pairwise relativelyprime