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Broadband
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high-speed transmission technology
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Cybervandalism
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the intentional disruption, defacement, or even destruction of a Web site or corporate information system
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EV-DO
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technology used in Verizon’s cellular network service for providing anytime, anywhere broadband wireless Internet access for PCs and other devices at average speeds of 300 to 500 kilobits per second
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Call center
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an organizational department responsible for handling customer service issues by telephone and other channels
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Bugs
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program code defects or errors
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Administrative controls
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formalized standards, rules, procedures, and disciplines to ensure that the organization’s controls are properly executed and enforced
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Fuzzy logic
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rule-based artificial intelligence (AI) that tolerates imprecision by using nonspecific terms called membership functions to solve problems
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Teamware
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group collaboration software that is customized for teamwork
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Hacker
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a person who gains unauthorized access to a computer network for profit, criminal mischief, or personal pleasure
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Mirroring
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duplicating all the processes and transactions of a server on a backup server to prevent any interruption in service if the primary server fails
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Debugging
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the process of discovering and eliminating the errors and defects—bugs—in program code
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Unified messaging
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system combining voice messages, e-mail, and fax so that all messages can all be obtained from a single system
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Mobile computing
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wireless computing that enables Internet-enabled cell phones, person digital assistant (PDAs), and other wireless computing devices to access digital information from the Internet and other sources from any location
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Instant messaging
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Chat service that enables participants to create their own private chat channels so that a person can be alerted whenever someone on his or her private list is online to initiate a chat session with that particular individual
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Predictive analysis
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uses of data-mining techniques, historical data, and assumptions about future conditions to predict outcomes of events
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Structured decisions
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decisions that are repetitive, routine, and have a definite procedure for handling them
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Tacit knowledge
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expertise and experience of organizational members that have not been formally documented
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Prototyping
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the process of building an experimental system quickly and inexpensively for demonstration and evaluation so that users can better determine information requirements
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Explicit knowledge
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knowledge that has been documented
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Knowledge
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concepts, experience, and insight that provide a framework for creating, evaluating, and using information
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Choice
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Simon’s third strategy of decision making, when the individual selects among the various solution alternatives
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Documentation
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descriptions of how an information system works form either a technical or end-user standpoint
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Genetic algorithms
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problem-solving methods that promote the evolution of solutions to specified problems using the model of living organisms adapting to their environment
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Information asymmetry
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situation in which the relative bargaining power of two parties in a transaction is determined by one party in the transaction possessing more information essential to the transaction than the other party
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Social networking sites
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online communities for expanding users’ business or social contacts by making connections through their mutual business or personal connections
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Processing controls
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the routines for establishing that data are complete and accurate during updating
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Social engineering
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tricking people into revealing their passwords by pretending to be legitimate users or members of a company in need of information
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Token
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a physical device similar to an identification card that is designed to prove the identity of a single user
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Load balancing
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distribution of large numbers of requests for access among multiple servers so that no single device is overwhelmed
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Computer virus
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rogue software program that attaches itself to other software programs or data files in order to be executed, often causing hardware and software malfunctions
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Digital certificates
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an attachment to an electronic message to verify the identity of the sender and to provide the receiver with the means to encode a reply
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Access control
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policies and procedures a company uses to prevent improper access to systems by unauthorized insiders and outsiders
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Private industrial networks
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Web-enabled networks linking systems of multiple firms in an industry or the coordination of transorganizational business processes
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Mobile wallets (m-wallets)
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software that stores m-commerce shoppers’ personal information and credit card numbers to expedite the purchase process
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Microbrowser
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web browser software with a small file size that can work with low-memory constraints, tiny screens of handheld wireless devices, and low bandwidth of wireless networks
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Paging systems
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a wireless transmission technology in which the pager beeps when the user receives a message
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Wimax
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popular term for IEEE Standard 802.16 for wireless networking over a range of up to 31 miles with a data transfer rate of up to 75 megabits per second (Mpbs)
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Internet telephony
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technology that use Internet Protocol packet-switched connections for voice service
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Telnet
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network tool that enables someone to log on to one computer system while doing work on another
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Digital cash
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currency that is represented in electronic form that moves outside the normal network of money
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Channel conflict
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competition between two or more different distribution chains used to sell the products or services of the same company
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Unified modeling language (UML)
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industry-standard methodology for analysis and design of an object-oriented software system
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Counterimplementation
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a deliberate strategy to thwart the implementation of an information system or an innovation in an organization
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Customization
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the modification of a software package to meet an organization’s unique requirements without destroying the packaged software’s integrity
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Knowledge engineer
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a specialist who elicits information and expertise from other professionals and translates it into a set of rules, or frames, for an expert system
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Component-based development
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building large software systems by combining preexisting software components
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Six sigma
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a specific measure of quality, representing 3.4 defects per million opportunities
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Prototype
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the preliminary working version of an information system for demonstration and evaluating purposes
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Programming
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the process of translating the system specifications prepared during the design stage into program code
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Virtual reality systems
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interactive graphics software and hardware that create computer-generated simulations that provide sensations that emulate real-world activities
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Hybrid AI systems
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integration of multiple artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into a single applications to take advantage of the best features of theses technologies
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Internet Protocol (IP) address
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four-part numeric address indicating a unique computer location on the Internet
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File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
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specification for retrieving and transferring files from a remote computer
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Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
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international standard for transmitting voice, video, image, and data to support a wide range of services over the public telephone lines
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Personal digital assistants (PDAs)
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small, pen-based, handheld computers with built-in wireless telecommunications capable of entirely digital communications transmission
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Pervasive computing
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ubiquitous use of computers in every facet of everyday life, including cars, homes, office buildings, tools, and factories, making computers increasingly embedded in people’s natural movements and interactions with their environments
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Personal area networks (PANs)
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computer network used for communication among digital devices (including telephones and personal digital assistants, or PDAs) that are close to another
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Fault-tolerant computer systems
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systems that contain extra hardware, software, and power supply components that can back up a system and keep it running to prevent system failure
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Web personalization
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the tailoring of Web content directly to a specific user
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Peer-to-peer payment systems
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electronic payment system for people who want to send money to vendors or individuals who are not set up to accept credit card payments
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Net marketplaces
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a single digital marketplace based on Internet technology that links many buyers to many sellers
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Micropayment
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payment for a very small sum of money, often less than $10
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Wide are networks (WANs)
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telecommunications network that spans a large geographical distance
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Online transaction processing
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transaction processing mode in which transactions entered online are immediately processed by the computer
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Semantic Web
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collaborative effort led by the World Wide Web Consortium to make Web searching efficient by reducing the amount of human involvement in searching for and processing Web information
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Output controls
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measures that ensure that the results of computer processing are accurate, complete, and properly distributed
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Dynamic pricing
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pricing of items based on real-time interactions between buyers and sellers that determine what an item is worth at any particular moment
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Phishing
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setting up fake Web sites or sending e-mail messages that look like those of legitimate businesses to ask users for confidential data
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Neural networks
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hardware or software that attempts to emulate the processing patterns of the biological brain
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Rationalization of procedures
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the streamlining of standard operating procedures, eliminating obvious bottlenecks, so that automation makes operating procedures more efficient
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Direct cutover
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a risky conversion approach in which the new system completely replaces the old one on an appointed day
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Digital dashboard
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displays all of a firm’s key performance indicators as graphs and charts on a single screen to provide a one-page overview of all the critical measurements necessary to make key executive decisions
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System failure
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an information systems that does not perform as expected, is not operational at a specified time, or cannot be used in the way it was intended
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Communities of practice (COPs)
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informal social networks of professionals and employees within and outside the firm who have similar work-related activities and interests
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Fourth-generation languages
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a programming language that can be employed directly by end users or less-skilled programmers to develop computer applications more rapidly than conventional programming languages
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DSS database
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a collection of current or historical data from a number of applications or groups
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Intelligent agent
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software program that uses a built-in or learned knowledge base to carry out specific, repetitive, and predictable tasks for an individual user, business process, or software application
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Electronic payment systems
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the use of digital technologies, such as credit cards, smart cards, and Internet-based payment systems, to pay for products and services electronically
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Stored value payments systems
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systems enabling consumers to make instant online payments to merchants and other individuals based on value stored in a digital account
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Business-to-consumer (B2C) electronic commerce
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electronic retailing of products and services directly to individual consumers
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Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
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major cellular transmission standard outside the U.S. with strong international roaming capability that operates primarily in the 900-megahertz (MHz) and 1.8-gigahertz (GHz) frequency bands using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) in which each user is allocated a portion of time on the frequency
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Network interface card (NIC)
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expansion card inserted into a computer to enable it to connect to a network
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Domain Name System (DNS)
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a hierarchical system of servers maintaining a database enabling the conversion of domain names to their numeric IP addresses
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Semistructured decisions
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decisions in which only part of the problem has a clear-cut answer provided by an accepted procedure
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Systems design
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details how a system will meet the information requirements as determined by the systems analysis
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Pilot study
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a strategy to introduce the new system to a limited area of the organization until it is proved to be fully functional
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Campus are network (CAN)
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an interconnected set of local area networks in a limited geographical area such as a college or corporate campus
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Cellular telephones (cell phones)
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a device that transmits voice or data, using radio waves to communicate with radio antennas placed within adjacent geographic areas called cells
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Short message service (SMS)
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text message services used by digital cell phone systems to send and receive short alphanumeric messages less than 160 characters in length
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Request for Proposal (RFP)
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a detailed list of questions submitted to vendors of software or other services to determine how well the vendor’s product can meet the organization’s specific requirements
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Organizational impact analysis
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study of the way a proposed system will affect organizational structure, attitudes, decision making, and operations
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Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
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the address of a specific resource on the Internet
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involves sharing information systesm in one central area or on one central mainframe
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centralized infrastructure
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verifies that separate systems can work together
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integration testing
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is the process of buying, selling, or exchanging products, services, and information via computer networks
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Ecommerce
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a rigorous and well informed organizational methodology for developing a business continuity plan
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business continuity planning
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infrastructure centric metrics include
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throughput, transaction speed, system availability, accuracy, response time, scalability
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tests individual units or pieces of code for a system
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unit testing
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the use of digital techologies to transform government operations in order to improve efficieny, effectiveness, and service delivery.
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electronic government (e-government)
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involves little or not sharing of IT and other resources such as information.. generally arises from users or departments developing their own systems or applications
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decentralized infrastructure
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when you install the system, you must also provide employees with ------- ------ that highlights how to use the system.
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user documentation
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common web centric metrics
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unique visitors, total hits, page exposures, converstion rate, click through, cost per thousand (CPM) abandoned registrations, abandoned shopping carts
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understand your business and your customers, find and establish relationships with customers, move money easily and securely.
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three e-commerce critical success factors
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what are the steps of business continuity planning
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organizational strategic plan, analysis, design, implementation, testing, maintenance
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determines if the system satisfies the business requirements and enables users to perform their jobs correctly.
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user acceptance testing (UAT)
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occurs when a business sells products and services to a government entity. ex. lockheed martin.
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Business to Government (B2G) e-commerce
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typical call center metrics include
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abandon rate, average speed to answer (ASA) time service factor (TSF), first call resolution (FCR)
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the primary activites you'll perform in the testing phase are
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write the test conditions and perform the testing of the system
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