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A mathematical operation which normally references the values contained in other cells in the spreadsheet.f the cells are referenced by location then the values will change when copied as Excel tries to guess a pattern. 

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formuals
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success optimized by CRM
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effectiveness
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5 stages of SDLC
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Identification,Selection,Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance
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3 common benchmarks
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threshold
average
best practice
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Ex's of strengths- SWOT
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innovative ideas
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perspective of CBD
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service oriented architecture
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4 types of network infrastructures
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decentralized
centralized
distributed
tiered
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decision where processing information follows heuristics to generate alternatives
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semi-structured
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2 problems expert system addresses
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diagnostic
prescriptive
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kt
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Bookend your presentation with an agenda and a summary with conclusions.
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sum function
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Also represented by Σ, the sum function adds up a column or row of numbers. The Sum function accomplishes the same task more simplistically
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one purpose of SOA
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enterprise resource planning
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5 focuses of SOA
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customers
end users
software development
information needs
hardware requirements
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5 reasons for rapid outsourcing growth
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globalization
technology
internet
growing economy
deregulation
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decision where its difficult to process information because of lack of heuristics
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unstructured
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4 advantages of self-sourcing
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determination
end user participation
speed of systems development
reduces invisible backlog
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collection of materials produced with a system to support ongoing operation and development
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documentation
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APR
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Rate is the interest rate, usually expressed as an Annual Percentage Rate (APR). If payments are made once a year then just plug in the APR. However, payments are usually once a month. So you need to divide the rate by 12.
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SWOT
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An analysis of a companies strengths and weaknesses and of the industries opportunities and threats.
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key takeaway
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Presentation Zen is characterized by many large illustrations, rela- tively little text, high signal to noise ratios, and effective use of white space.
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generation language that is used to create self-sourcing tools
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4th
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development that focuses on building small self-contained block of code that can be reused across a variety of applications within an organization
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component-based development
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sharing IT in one central area infrastructure
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centralized
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steps and procedures that transform raw data inputs into new or modified information aka recipe
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processing logic
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systems are developed for what 2 characteristics of a decision
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semi-structured/recurring
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decision support system designed specifically to work with special information
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geographic information system
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science of making machines imitate human thinking & behavior
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artificial intelligence
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builds networks of "neuron" mimicking human decision-making process
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neural network
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their job continues even after the app is developed. They test the app extensively when it is delivered back from the devel- oper.
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outsourcing
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Template
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A model report where the theme is predefined. in some templates even some of the slides are already created. The pitchbook template includes a title slide, a table of contents slide and a section heading slide
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pros and cons of outsourcing
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cheaper but less quality
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industry analysis
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An analysis of the attractiveness of the industry in which the company operates
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Master Slide
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Model slides that define the theme elements. The slide master defines the background elements, colors and fonts. The layout masters provide a menu of possible layouts to apply to a slide
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Graphic Design Principles
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The C.R.A.P. graphic design principles apply to slide design as well. Con- trast, repetition, alignment, and proximity help organize information on your slide, focus attention, and create an overall professional look and feel.
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parts of new system are implemented over time
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phased conversion
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enable you to group & summarize information
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pivot table
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highly flexible and interactive IT system designed to support unstructured decision making
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decision support system
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group of intelligenct agents that have the ability to work independently but also interact with each other
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multi-agent system
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structured systematic approach for developing information systems
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systems development life cycle
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7 advantages of outsourcing
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cost & quality concerns
problems in IS performance
supplier pressures
simplifying, downsizing, reengineering
financial factors
organizational culture
internal irritants
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a tool used to identify relationships between entities to assist in developing applications and databases; for communication b/t analysts and end users
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E-R diagram
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making changes to a system to repair problems that were never part of original requirements
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adaptive
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Porters 5 Forces
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5 key forces which profiles the attractiveness of an industry. These include the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, barriers to entry, threat of substitutes, and the competitive rivalry of firms already in the industry.
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Disadvantage to powerpoint 3
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encourages the pitching of ideas rather than dispassionate reflection.if we tend to use a medium designed to sell ideas, rather than discuss them, we might lose our own objectivity to the detriment of our message—and our organization.
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Tufte powerpoint
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He is especially troubled by the use of bullets rather than complete sentences and paragraphs to convey information. Such presentations he argues should not circulate alone as though they are documents.
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Ex of opportunities- SWOT
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rapidly growing, not yet mature, outsourced labor for development, apple distribution through itunes.
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disadvantage of functions
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One disadvantage of functions is that you sometimes lose a sense of how the information was derived.
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variable cost
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A cost that business incurs on each sale. For apps, the variable cost is the itunes store commission
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business analysist
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ypical for an IS grad work bothwith business units such as HR and the programmers. They discover the needs of the business unit and then translate those needs into documentation for the programers. also test the completed system and supervise rolout
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fixed cost
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A cost that the business must pay whether or not they sell anything, ex: rent, legal fees, development costs and so fourth.
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one or more computers that are servers & provide services to other computers
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client/server infrastructure
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4 disadvantages of self-sourcing
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inadequate end user expertise
lack of organizational focus
insufficient analysis
lack of documentation
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detailed set of end user requests that system must meet to be successful
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business requirements
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assists you, or acts on your behalf, in performing repetitive computer-related tasks
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intelligent agent
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2 goals of ERP
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provide interoperability within an ERP vender and for modules among different ERP vendors
hide the underlying IT infrastructure & hardware from end users & customers
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the columbia disaster
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occurred on February 1, 2003, when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated over Texasstretching from Trophy Club to Tyler and into parts of Louisiana during re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere, resulting in the death of all seven crew members, shortly before it was scheduled to conclude its 28th mission, STS-107.
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Disadvantages to powerpoint 1
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First, without text flow the presenter is tempted to fit each idea, no matter how complex, onto a single slide. Lack of text flow can lead to over abbreviation of complex concepts—sometimes with disas- trous results
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description of a list by column & their definitions/descriptions
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list definition table
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being able to add other modules & play them directly into ERP system long after initial implementation
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sustainable interoperability
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pro-high cost of skilled labor in the us con- expesive
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pro of on outsourcing
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session users & IT meet to define & review business requirements
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joint application development
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allows you to hid all the rows in a list except those that match criteria you specify
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custom filter
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spread sheet formatting guides
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1. number formatting - 2. cell formatting 3. text formatting 4. adding a range name 5. adding a formula 6. using the NOW function to include the current date on the spreadsheet
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Well designed spreadsheets group input variables into an assump- tions area. Ideally, the assumptions area is the only place that numbers are typed.
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Formulas may be copied. However, cells that should not change in a formula should be named.
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Powerpoint has 4 advantages over word
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1. keeps everyone on same \"page\"2. allows for easy integration of text and graphics. 3.themes allow the presentation to take on a slick and unified look, almost like a brochure4.bc each slide tends to encapsulate a complete idea, the deck can be fairly easily reorganized and customized for a new audience.
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plan put in place in case of a natural disaster/emergency
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business continuity plan
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Report vs. presentation- you need both
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Schemtic report- to much detail to be projected, heavy on graphics Key summary points can similarly be lifted from the schematic report while leaving the bulk of the text behind.
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4 characteristics of a list
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1) Each column has only one type of information
2) The first row in the list contains the labels
3) The list does not contain any blank rows
4) The list is bordered on 4 sides by blank rows & columns
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difference between SS & IS prototyping
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SS- repeat steps 3 & 4 until final system is developed
IS- one prototype is accepted, use it as technical blueprint
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4 types of metrics
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infrastructure-centric
web-centric
call center
financial
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date outsourcing became common
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1985
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success optimized by SCM
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efficiency
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naming cells
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The box located just above cell A1 .it is used to give names to spreadsheet cells. The names are variables, sothey may not contain spaces. Also, remember to hit enter after typing the name or it will not stick.
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2 types of system maintenance
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corrective
adaptive
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4 types of conversion approaches
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parallel
direct
phased
pilot
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3 functions of prototyping
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requirements
technically feasible
sells idea
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4 phases of decision making
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intelligence
design
choice
implementation
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4 components of system design
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forms/reports
interfaces/dialogues
databases/files
processing logic
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6 dimensions of system implementation
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programming
testing
conversion
documentation
training
support
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distributes information & processing power of IT systems via a network infrastructure
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distributed
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communicating clearly with the developer
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data table
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An analysis of the competitive position of the company within that industry. What are the strengths and weak- nesses of the company? operates.
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David	McCandless
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challenger
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The Challenger and its seven-member crew were lost 73 seconds after launch when the O-ring failure caused the booster rocket to explode. The moral of the story is to always look at the entire data set.
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formal, contractually obligated agreement between 2 parties
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service level agreement
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4 types of tiers
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presentation tier
application tier
data tier
business logic tier
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mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information
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fuzzy logic
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software architecture perspective that focuses on the development, use, and reuse of small, self-contained blocks of code to meet all the application software needs of an organization
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service-oriented architecture
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includes the hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment that when combined provide the underlying foundation to support the organization's goals
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infrastructure
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Nper
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Nper is the number of payment periods. Again, if payments are made once a year then nper is just the number of years of the loan. However, payments are usually once a month. So you need to multi- ply the nper by 12.
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company analysis
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An analysis of the competitive position of the company within that industry. What are the strengths and weak- nesses of the company?
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Theme
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Defines a set of background elements, colors and fonts as well as a set of slide layouts
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A tool used to perform a sensitivity analysis. A data table allows you to vary two of the inputs and record changes to one of the outputs. Amazingly the data table performs all of the computations for each combina- tion&#
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sensitivity analysis
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accelerates process of CBD
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rapid application development methodology
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exponential growth of outsourcing in 80's
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Kodak effect
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supplies software applications over Internet that would otherwise reside on customers' computers
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application service provider
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supporting document that contains metrics & benchmarks
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service level specifications/objectives
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6 types of infrastructure-centric metrics
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throughput
transaction speed
system availability
accuracy
response time
scalability
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3 types of information in data management
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organizational
external
personal
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mimic evolution and generate all possible combinations to determine best solution
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genetic algorithm
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way of simulating human organizations using multiple intelligent agents, each of which follows a set of simple rules & can adapt to changing conditions
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agent-based modeling
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Layout
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The organization of items on a page. For example, a 2up layout consists of two blocks of images and or text
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financial analysis
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refers to an assessment of the viability, stability and profitability of a business, sub-business or project.
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Executive summary
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leads off with an executive summary.An executive summary usually occupies one page and summarizes thekey facts, issues, and conclusionsof the reportmanager should be ableto garnerenoughinformation from the executive summary to make a decision.
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Your exposure can be analysed in a sensitivity analysis using a data table.
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Formula
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outsourcing to a firm that resides in your own country
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offshoring
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bar graph
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used to compare discrete categories on a common measure. In other words, the measure is quantitative and the categories are qualitative. For ex, compare sales figures (quantitative) in different geographic regions (qualitative).
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line graph-compare continuous categories on a common measure
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often seen in business, especially to show trends over time. time appears on the X axis, and the quantitative data to be measured appears on the Y axis. are sales, stock market trends or mortgage rates over time.
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discard old system & use new immediately
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direct conversion
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4 requirements for self-sourcing tools
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easy
multiple platforms
low cost
range of data types
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making a choice that meets your needs without necessarily being the best possible choice available
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satisficing
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collective behavior of groups of simple agents capable of devising solutions to problems as they arise, eventually leading to global patterns
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swarm (collective) intelligence
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little or no sharing of IT & information infrastructure
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decentralized
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IT system is partitioned into layers where each layer performs a specific type of functionality
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tiered infrastructure
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contribution margin
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what you make on every sale after subtracting variable costs
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pie chart
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- only show one series of data. compares desecrate categories on a common measure
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presentation zen - Garr Renyolds
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Presentation Zen slides are characterized by very large illustrations-- often full page bleeds--and usually just one sentence of text. This is called the picture superiority effect--basically that pictures are more memorable than words.
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form of XP that aims for customer satisfaction through early & continuous delivery of useful software components
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agile methodology
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small group uses new system until it works then everyone else is added
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pilot conversion
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5 steps in external acquisition
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system ID, selection, planning
systems analysis
request for proposal
proposal evaluation
vendor selection
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3 components of decision support system
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user interface management
model management
data management
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breaks project into tiny phases that cannot be continued until previous phase is complete
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extreme programming methodology
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assumptions area
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a part of the spread sheet, usually at the top, where the key variables are given their values.
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What is presentation zen characterized as
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many large illustrations, relatively little text, high signal to noise ratios, and effective use of white space.
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disadvantages to powerpoint 2
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PP resizes text automatically to fit on the slide. As you add words to a slide the font shrinks in size so that all the text will fit.If the subsequent slide has fewer words, the text will be larger if it has more words, the text will be smaller.
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hiring another firm to do a job that traditionally might have been done by the inhouse
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on shoring
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old and new systems are used at the same time
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parallel conversion
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4th advantage of powerpoint
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4.bc each slide tends to encapsulate a complete idea, the deck can be fairly easily reorganized and customized for a new audience.
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The United States Federal Government mandates that loan terms be expressed in a uniform way so that buyers are fully informed of credit terms and can comparison shop.
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Because interest is compounded, loans should be taken out for as few years as possible. Compound interest is especially painful at high interest credit card rates.
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a report that is used to tell vendors what the requirements are and how they might be able to meet those requirements
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request for proposal
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4 situations when insourcing is inappropriate
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limited IS staff
limited IS skill sets
IS staff is overworked
low IS staff performance
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Fixed costs are incurred even if no products are sold; whereas vari- able costs are incurred only when a sale is made.
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Spreadsheets generate new information by use of formulas.
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3 advantages & 2 disadvantages of expert system
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ADV: reduce errors, improve customer service, reduce cost
DIS: can't automate processes, has no common sense
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Contribution margin is the money realized by the business after pay- ing variable costs.
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Fixed costs are incurred even if no products are sold; whereas vari- able costs are incurred only when a sale is made.
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Columbia Disaster- Bad content can be deadly
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Space shuttle columbia -foam hit Tufte feels that an author writing in complete sentences and paragraphs in a report would be less likely to be misunderstood.
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A PowerPoint theme will not save your presentation if the content is dull.
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C.R.A.P., Presentation Zen, and a little animation will serve to liven up your presenatation and give it a professional look.
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rule of thirds -what to do-The rule of thirds helps to position text and images on a slide.
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Simply divide the slide horizontally and vertically in thirds using the guides The place where the lines meet are called “power points.” No lie. Try to place your subject whether words or images at the power points for maximum visual impact.
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