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Anapestic
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short-short-LONG
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20th-Century:
Expressionism
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Schoenberg-Pierrot Lunaire
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Staccato
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short, detached notes
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1/8th Note
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1/2 Count
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Oiseaux exotiques
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Olivier MEssiaen, 1956
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retardation
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resolves up a.o.t down
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Hallelujah Chorus
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Handel Baroque, Instrumental, Oratorio
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Alan Lomax
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famous ethnomusicologist/folklorist in the 1940s. Interviewed Lead Belly, Muddy Waters, Jelly Roll Morton with Library of Congress
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Time-domainrepresentation
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Waveform shows Amplitude changes throughtime proceed.Focused on depiction of Amplitude.
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Aaron Copland's "Appalacian Spring" was originally written for what genre?
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ballet
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the text of an opera
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libretto
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Chromatics
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adding color to a piece
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Symphonie "Mathis der Maler"
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Paul Hindemith, 1933
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chamber music
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music for a small group
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Metallophone
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medium to large diatonic instrument with tone bars made of aluminum and tuned for perfect pitch and harmonies
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Fani'a
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record company in new york, responsible for putting cuban music back on everyone's screen. Came up with the term "salsa"
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Timbre
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sound quality that distinguishes one instrument from another and, more subtly, one singer's voice from another. Pressing the bow down hard on violin strings produces a different timbre from light bowing. Metal-string charangos have a different timbre from nylon-string charangos
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Music Notation
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goes from down to up
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What did jazz borrow?
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complex rhythem section
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syncopation
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a musical rhythm accenting a normally weak beat
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Thomas Weelkes
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Renaissance. 1575 to 1623. English. Composed "As Vesta Was Descending". Famous for his madrigals.
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'Appalachian Spring'
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1944. By Copland. Commissioned by Martha Graham, scored for ballet of same name. Seventh movement, 'Simple Gifts', is the most popular and was based on Shaker melody from 1848.
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Gifted
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don't give extra work; use as leader
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Acadia
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Nova Scotia, Canada( Nova Scotia means "new scotland")
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riff
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a short, catchy, and repeated melodic phrase (Page 25)
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general sub-saharan African features of music
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1)Interlocking Parts2)Dense textures3)Ground and Elaboration Part Organization4)cyclical forms open forms intense repetition and long performance5)Rhythmic/ Metric Structures
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an interval formed by two statements of the same pitch
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unison
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What was the dominant instrument in Klezmer music?
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Violin
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Bo Diddley
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"Who Do You Love" Golden Age
Written by Bo Diddley (Songwriting name is Elias McDaniel, real name is Ellas Otha Bates)
Uses images from voodoo (cobra snak, human skull) to enhance the singer's romantic "status"
Has "Bo Diddley Beat"
Diddley tried to copyright the Bo Diddley Beat (unsuccessfully)
Use many references to himself in song lyrics
Opened for The Clash on 1979 US tour
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commodity
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Term used to describe the creation of music as a product to sell. (ie: The development of the record)
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Monophony
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One melodic line or idea. I.e. "Happy Birthday", "We Will Rock You".
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Canon, mensuration canon
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meaning “rule” or “law” to indicate the rhythmic value of the cantus firmus in thatmovement. music for only two voices, but each voice generates the other, creating a double mensuration canon for four voices.
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Frequency
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the rate at which one cycle ofa waveform is completed. Measured by thenumber of cycles per second (Hz)X-Axis
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V7
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Dominant 7 (Mm7)- 7th wants to drop, leading tone wants to ascend; can dbl root, omit 5th
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old time string band
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fiddles, frailed (or clawhammer) banjo, guitar.
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a repetition of a musical motive at successively higher or lower degrees of the scale
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sequence
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Diatonic
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when pitch in melody belong to a particular scale (or are outside key= nondiatonic)
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the soul stirrers
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doo wop gospel band that transitioned from gospel to soul "Jesus I'll Never Forget"
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Madrigal
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By the 1530s, a new genre of vocal music was emerging in Italy with the madrigal,a secular vocal composition for three or more voices. The 16th-century madrigal hasno direct musical connection to the 14th-century genre also known as the madrigal(see Chapter 3). The term was revived in the 1530s for a new type of polyphonic song,similar in some respects to the frottola but more ambitious in tone, both textually andmusically. Early madrigals (from the 1530s and 1540s) often share with the frottola acharacteristically chordal texture, but with time, true contrapuntal writing became increasinglyprevalent in the genre. And whereas the frottola is almost invariably strophic,with different words sung to the same music, the madrigal is through-composed,setting each line of text to essentially new music. This approach allowed for the kind ofexplicit word-painting that became increasingly popular in the 16th century.Madrigal texts of the 16th century follow no fixed form, but they tend to consist of asingle stanza, with a free rhyme scheme. One of the more widespread poetic forms ofthe madrigal consists of lines that alternate between seven and eleven syllables. Manymadrigals incorporate some kind of conceit—a striking image—that reveals itself onlyat the very end of the poem.
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phrase overlap
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ending of 1 phrase is beginning of next
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Pete Seeger
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an American folk singer and an iconic figure in the mid-20th century American folk music revival; In the 1960s, he re-emerged on the public scene as a prominent singer of protest music in support of international disarmament, civil rights, and for environmental causes.
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The Clash
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Added a reggae beat to some of their songs. Song lyrics zeroed in on the root causes of the punk rebellion: youth unemployment, racism and police brutality.
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solo concerto recap
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1st TG, transition, 2nd TG: orch hits I64, soloist cadenza--> V7, codetta
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Mout me fu grief/ Robin m'aime/ Portare (Greatly grieved am I/ Robin loves me/ To carry)
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Composer: Anonymous
Genre: 13th -c motet
Large work: N/A
Mvt./Sec.Form: N/A
Period: Middle Ages
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String quartet; at times atmospheric, at times abrupt and specific
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George Crumb's Black Angels (1970)
3 movements organized around the numbes 7 and 13
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Using semiotic theory explain why music might have more potential to create/express emotion as compared to, say, an academic lecture about semiotics.
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Music have a stronger potential to create emotions within the listener because of the different signs are present in music. An academic lecture only expresses the facts and occasionally give examples, but the examples are experienced by the lecturer specifically. For music, any melodic line or phrase can index a unique emotion that is different for every individual depending on their experiences. Any particular sound can also be iconically unique depending on what the individual thinks the sound resembles. Through music, social groups can be formed based similar emotions expressed by individuals as a group. In a lecture hall, only the basic similarities apply, everyone is a student with the same professor. When a very popular song is played on the radio, there is usually a group of individuals that responds to song being played with a very exited and up lifting reaction. Instantly that group of individuals begin to share the same indexical thoughts, such as the song being played at a party last weekend. The group expresses their experience and emotions based on music that was present at a social event that bonded their similarities together allowing conversation and expression between the group members. Through music, certain frames are set at a more relaxing, comfortable and informal feeling. In a lecture room the frame is set to a serious, concentrated and perhaps boring feeling. Through these more comforting frames, individuals are more prone to express themselves for who they are. While in a lecture with a serious frame present, one might feel that he/she needs know the material or else they would feel inferior or uncomfortable to others. The signs present in music can be much denser, and therefore have a greater affect on the individual emotionally then a in lecture. Therefore music has a greater potential to create emotion because of the stronger semiotic connections, more suitable frames and denser emotional impact on the listener.
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