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Definitions |
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piu
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more
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syncopation
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displaced accents
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duration
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length of sound
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dissonance
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discord, sounds tense
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half step
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smallest interval, semitone
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melody
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organized series of pitches
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frequency
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rate of sound vibration
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retransition
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discharging tension, preparing for recapitulation
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scale
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pitches assembled in a collection
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What individualistic, innovative American composer was an insurance salesman, and wrote for his own pleasure?
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Charles Edward Ives
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heterophony
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kind of monophonic texture, different versions of single melody presented simultaneously
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rondo
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closing movements, has a repeating theme
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polyphonic
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two or more melodies played simultaneously
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pitch
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quality of sound, high and low
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Sonata
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originally "something sounded" on an instrument as opposed to something sung; later a multimovement work for solo instrument or ensemble
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Passion
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a large-scale depiction of Christ's crucifixion as recorded in the Gospels; an oratorio on the subject of passion
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What Austro-Germanic composer is remembered for his tone poems and operas?
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Richard Strauss
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form
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organization of elements in a musical work
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Intermezzo
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a musical diversion between the acts of an opera or a play
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What American student of Nadia Boulanger created a truly American sound in his writing?
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Aaron Copeland
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Who made Bohemian composers known internationally?
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Antonin Dvorak
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octave
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ok we all know what an octave is
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Romance
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in 19th century French music, a simple strophic song
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Comic opera
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a simple, direct type of musical theater that made use of comic characters, dealt with everyday social issues, and emphasized values more in step with those of the middle class
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Grand opera
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a style of opera originating around 1830 in France characterized by lavish use of chorus, ballet, and elaborate spectacle.
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Exposition
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in sonata form, the first main section in which the primary thematic material of the movement is presented or exposed
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Accompanied recitative
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a recitative that features a full orchestra accompaniment; used in some Bach, but more extensively in operas by Gluck and later composers
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Who was the leading Italian composer of verismo opera?
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Giacomo Puccini
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Golden Age of Polyphony
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term for the renaissance, when polyphonic texture was prevalent and particularly beautiful
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The Musical Offering
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a royally inspired collection by Bach consisting of a trio sonata, two fugues (ricercars), and 10 puzzle canons
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Who was the most important Spanish composer in the chapter?
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Manuel de Falla
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Double-escapement action
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a piano action in which a hammer falls back only halfway after striking a string, allowing the hammer to restrike more quickly
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Mannheim crescendo
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a gradual increase from a very soft to a very loud with a repeating figure over a pedal point; a specialty of the highly disciplined orchestra at the court of Mannheim
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Singspiel (sung play)
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a genre of German opera appearing in the 18th centuries using a folkish or comic spoken play with musical numbers inserted
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What two Spanish concert pianists achieved international recognition for their compositions?
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1. Enrique Granados
2. Isaac Albeniz
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Trouser role
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an opera role designed to be sung by a woman dressed as a man
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What three important composers were in the "Second Viennese School"?
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1. Arnold Schoenberg
2. Alban Berg
3. Anton Webern
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List three major Latin American composers between the World Wars, and their country of origin.
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1. Heiton Villa-Lobos - Brazil
2. Alberto Ginastera - Argentina
3. Carlos Chavez
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What characteristics of Tchaikovsky's music are his most memorable to you?
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1. His frequent use of pizzicati
2. His freedom with melody
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Sturm und Drang
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as a musical term it refers to a small but significant group of works written around 1770 that are marked by agitated, impassioned writing
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In France, the music followers of the French symbolist poets were whom? (Impressionism) (name 2)
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1. Claude Debussy
2. Maurice Ravel
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List four belifs that influenced Hindemith's writing.
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1. Music should be understood as a means of communication between composer and the consumer or music.
2. A composer must be a performing musician and must have a thorough understanding of the instruments for which he is writing.
3. Considered key tonality unavoiabible and thus specifically wrote tonal music.
4. He endorsed the theories expressed in the writings of Plato, Ptolemy, Boethius and other ancient writers.(Music of the Spheres)
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How did Stravinsky treat rhythm?
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He based it on the consistency of a minimum value and used multiples of that value.
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In what ways did Nationalism enter music in the 19th Century?
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1. A nation's revival of its own folk song and the absorption of that folk song into the art music being composed, such as in Germany early in the century.
2. A composer's use of a national element as an accessory to a basically cosmopolitan style or form of music (e.g. Liszt's rhapsodies on Hungarian gypsy tunes)
3. A composer's use of national elements as subjects for and as basic features of a composition (e.g. Glinka's A Life for the Tsar')
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