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Definitions |
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Involved in regulating
Sleep/wake
Body temperature
Hormone concentrations
Anticipatory Homeostasis (feedforward)
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Hypothalamus
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Baths blood cells
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Blood Plasma
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Involved in blood clotting
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Prostacyclins
Thromboxanes
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Sensory receptor
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detects change or stimulus
Afferent Pathway Input
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What are photoreceptors?
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Light activated (vision)
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Integration Center
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receives and processes information from receptor
Efferent Pathway/Output
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CO2 + H2O makes
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carbonic acid (H2CO3)
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Chemicals that are secreted by endocrine organs, travel in the blood plasma, and act on target cells with receptors
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Hormones
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What are mechanoreceptors?
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Physical displacement (hearing, stretch)
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Bodily processes related to homeostasis
Pacemaker of circadian rhythms
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Hypothalamus
Receives input from eyes and other sensory parts of the body
Regulates the pineal gland - secretes melatonin during darkness
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Effector Organ
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Responds to command from control center
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A hormone that acts locally by diffusing from its source to target cells in the neighborhood
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Paracrine
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What are chemoreceptors?
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Chemical stimuli (taste, smell, pain)
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Blocks the synthesis of eicosanoids and prostaglandins
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aspirin and NSAIDs
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Does more hydrogen ions raise or lower pH
which causes respiration rate to increase or decrease
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Lower
Increase
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Tissue that is specialized to conduct electrical signals from one structure in the body to another structure is __________ tissue.
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Muscle tissue
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What are reflex arcs
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homeostatic control systems that sense and respond to changes in the ECF
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Contained within the body cells; often called cytoplasm/cytosol
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Intracelluar Fluid (ICF)
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Bathes most cells in the body, often called tissue fluid
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Interstitial Fluid
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The ability of an animal's body to prepare for a change in some variable before the change occurs is called _________ .
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Feedforward regulation.
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Put the components of a reflex arc in order
Effector organ
Sensory receptor
Integration center
Stimulus
Response
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Stimulus
Sensory Receptor
Integration Center
Effector Organ
Response
Response feeds back to receptor to stop pathway when goal is accomplished (negative feedback inhibition)
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What triggers signals the brain to increase the output of ADH for water conservation
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Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect tphe increase in osmotic pressure of body fluids and signal the posterior pituitary to release ADH
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The folds, convolutions, or extensions found in many structures of animals results in...
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Increased surface area for absorption, communication, or exchange.
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The extracellular matrix of connective tissue....
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a. contains different proteins that provide structural support to cells. b. provides a scaffolding for the cells of the tissue. c. plays a role in cellular communication D. ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE CORRECT!
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What are the two major factors that regulate the movement of water and electrolytes from one fluid compartment to the next?
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Hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure
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Most of the water in an animals body...
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Is contained inside the cells.
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Chemical equation
acid base balance
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↑ CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 -> ↑ H+ + HCO3-
This equation lowers pH which causes cell respiration to increase
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What is the purpose of negative feedback
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to restore a regulated variable to homeostasis if disturbed
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Which of the following statements regarding negative feedback is NOT correct?
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a. It helps regulate variables such as body temperature and blood pressure. B. It is the mechanism by which birth occurs in mammals. C. It is a major feature of homeostatic control systems. D. It prevents homeostatic responses from overcompensating. E. It may occure at the organ, cellular, or molecular level.
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