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Gestalt
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an organized whole
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respond to mechanical stimulation
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mechanoreceptors
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formants
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peaks in the speech pattern
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glib
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readily fluent, often thoughtlessly, superficially, or insincerely so:
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Grouping
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Our brain's tendency to organize several stimuli into coherent groups.
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parapsychology
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the study of paranormal events including extrasensory perception, psychokinesis, and survival of consciousness after death.
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The ability to transfer one's thoughts to another or read another's thoughts is called
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telepathy
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Perception
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The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information
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convergence
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a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inware when looking at an object. the greater the inward strain, the closer the object
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Texture Gradience
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The perception that textures that appear less dense are close, and that textures that appear more dense are distant; a monocular cue
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color constancy
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receiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object
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Human factors psychologists
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psychologists that help design appliances, machines, and work settings that harness natural perception sets (i.e., make things user-friendly and intuitive)
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At her high school dance, Rhonda perceives her fellow students as small groups of people talking to one another rather than as a large mass of people filling the gym. This situation is similar to what principle of perceptual organization?
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proximity
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Who initially discovered the idea of the absolute threshold?
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Fechner
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Signal-detection theory
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mathematical model that can help explain why a person does or does not detect a stimulus.
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Where is it? (object location)
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The dorsal stream
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tells visual system if their is movement
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comparator
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apparent motion
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the impression of smooth motion resulting from rapid alternation of objects. EG. cartoons, moving dots
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hierarchy
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the system of levels according to which a language is organized, as phonemic, morphemic, syntactic, or semantic.
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monocular cues
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depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone
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relative motion
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Monocular distance cue based on the fact that moving objects appear to move a greater distance when they are close to the viewer than when they are far away.
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phi phenomenon
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an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession
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Relative Clarity
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We perceive hazy objects as farther away than sharp, clear objects
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Binocular cues
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depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes
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selective attention
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the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect
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The group of psychic experiences that involve perceiving or sending information outside normal sensory process is called
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extrasensory perception
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Danny is taking a shower. After ten minutes in the shower, the hot water runs out. The point at which Danny can tell that the water is getting cold represents his:
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JND
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Ecological approach
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argues that the enviornment holds many clues that allow us to percieve our surroundings
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Retinal Disparity
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Objects that are closer or further than the fixation point fall on non-corresponding points of the retina. This results in retinal disparity. <3 degrees are fused= percieved as depth >3 degrees are percieved as a double image
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optic flow
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determines where we are going. what happens when you move
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Resonance
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Ex. when you present a tuning fork with a sound of the same frequency it is ringing, it will vibrate because of pressure changes in the air around it.
When you change the size of the tuning fork, you change the resonance of frequency
Ex. opera singer breaking glasses
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Perceptual Constancy
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The perception that an object is the same even if the stimuli we recieve from it are different -- i.e., in different lighting, from different angles and distances, and in different contexts or backgrounds.
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Size constancy
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perception of an object as the same size regardless of the distance from which it is viewed
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Based on research, subliminal messages can:
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influence emotional and cognitive processes
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human factors psychology
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a branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be adapted to human behavior
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sounds waves travel through the outer ear and cause the ______ to vibrate
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tympanic membrane (eardrum)
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glossary
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a list of terms in a special subject, field, or area of usage, with accompanying definitions.
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relative motion (motion parallax)
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a monocular cue for perceiving depth; while you are moving, the nearer an object is, the faster IT seems to move
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The depth cues of light and shadow make brightly-lit objects appear ___ while objects in the shadows are perceived to be _______.
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closer; farther away
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focus expansion
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the pt in the center of the horizon from which, when you are in motion, (driving) all points in the perspective image seem to emanate. The one point that is STATIONARY
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What is the masking stimulus?
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It serves to interrupt iconic memory
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monocular or pictorial cues
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the perceptual cues of depth that can be perceived by one eye alone. examples are relative size and interposition
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What do Gestalt Principles show?
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That we've developed in our nervous systems a good comprehension of the physics of our ecology.
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What is the phi phenomenon?
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Two lights flashing side by side are not seen as two different bulbs, but as one light jumping from one point to another
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The principle of continuity states that:
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we organize forms along a smooth line or path
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The principle of closure states that:
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we tend to fill in missing parts of a figure
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