| Terms |
Definitions |
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Connected Speech
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Conversational/Connected
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Severe: Phonological inventory
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Incomplete
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phonemic goes along with.....
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phonological
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HAPP-3
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Hodson Assessment of Phonological Patterns, Third Edition
Testing time: 2-5 min. (screening), 15-20 min. (comprehensive)
Ages: 2 - any age; normative data provided for children aged 3 - 8
Designed to assess phonological patterns of children with highly unintelligible speech through object and picture identification
Norm-referenced AND criterion-referenced
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dysarthria
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articulatory disorder secondary to brain damage
- affects phonation, articulation, respiration
- not a language disorder
- deterioration of muscles, nerve endings
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Massai Postnasal Voicing
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[+stop]---> [+voice]/ [+nasal]_____
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A half paralyzed tongue can __________
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Compensate
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is childhood apraxia of speech functional or organic?
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functional
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constraints
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a way of contextually limiting contrast. a formal characterization of a structure that is illegal in a particular language
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Maximal contrast
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contrastive sounds maximally distinct along features for children with moderate to severe
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Why are standardized tests important?
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Data comparison
Reliability, validity
Allows communication with other professionals
Compares performance to age norms
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Creadhead Phonological Analysis
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Transcribe entire sample phonetically as a list of words, ID each word separately and then transcribe words by groups of consonants (initial,medial, final). Then so syllable structure analysis and phonological analysis (sodas)
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diachokinesis
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ability to do rapid movement of articulators, improves with age
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Korean Stop Nasalization Rule
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[-delyd rlese]--> [+nasal, +voiced+sonorant]/____[+nasal]
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Minimal pair
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single feature and stimulability for children with substitutions
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Def:
free variation
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Term:
allophones which vary freely in the same phonetic environment;
knowing meaning becomes important here
(contrastive and free variations = overlapping distribution)
"leap" [lipH] p --> pH but doesn't
"soap" [soʊpH] change meaning
troop [trupH]
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Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation
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Color coded book with pictures
Proctor asks "what is this?" and child answers
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myofunctional therapy
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corrects tongue thrust. SLP needs to be certified, works closely with an orthodontist
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Mild: Intelligibility
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Close to 100% but speech attracts attention to itself
impact is minimal
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Massai Rules for the sounds [p,t,k,b,d,g,etc]
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/k/ spirantization
k-->ɣ/ [+vowel]___[+vowel]
post nasal voicing
k-->g/ŋ_____
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Discrep model cons
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-wait to fail
-longer process for referral
-disproportion id
-limited direct contact w/ profes.
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What is tongue thrust?
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Tongue pushes on the alveolar ridge
It is a swallowing disorder
"Reverse swallow" in babies.
Perfectly normal at a certain age
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is there a relationship between language development and articulation problems?
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yes. Phonological problems=language problem.
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Learn for lateral /s/
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-raise lateral edges of the tongue
-direct airstream over the tip of the tongue
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Childhood Apraxia of Speech
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A subtype of severe speech sound system disorder in children
Functional, not organic
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testing for stimulability
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- is the child stimulable or not?
- stimulable= can modify speech behavior with a model, not the same as imitation
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What are the different approaches for analyzing a sample that were discussed in class?
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Ingram Approach
Phonological Analysis Procedure - Creaghead
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Natural Class
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any complete set of sounds in a given language that share the same value for a feature or set of features
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If the right half of the tongue is paralyzed which direction will the tongue tend to move?
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To the right
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what are the three resonance problems you can have?
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- hypernasality
- hyponasality
- nasal emission
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Rules studied by phonologists involve what?
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sounds vary with context, sequencing and distribution of speech sounds is not arbitrary, and phonology is interfaced with other components of grammar.
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What is the heirarchy of severity with regards to intelligibility?
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Most severe to less severe:
Omissions
Substitutions
Distortions
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if there is are severe phonology problems what must we test?
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language testing of comprehension and production
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Why is a connected/conversational sample important?
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Allows us to assess a child's overall intelligibility in his/her natural environment.
Gives us a sample from which we can assess the consistency of error (also where is it produced correctly)
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What are some considerations for intelligibility of people with hearing loss?
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Familiarity - The more you listen to them, the more you understand
Materials used - one syllable vs. multisyllabic, contextual information
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How can you obtain a connected speech sample (and which way is more preferred)?
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In order of preference:
Spontaneous conversation
Picture description or reading (if age appropriate)
Delayed imitation
Imitation, sentence repetition
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Why are more boys brought in to SLPs than girls?
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Possibly because when girls make errors it is thought of as "cute"
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What are the implications (2 types of predictions) of stimulability?
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Child will respond faster to treatment so you should correct it sooner (start treatment)
OR
The sound is emerging. The child is on the verge of producing it correctly (leave him/her be)
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what might clients do in reaction to severe phonological problems?
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- younger clients may not be using vocalizations consistently to communicate
- older clients may have developed avoidance strategies for oral communication
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what do we not want to assume regarding how a word is produced during a test vs. day to day life?
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dont assume they will be the same- may pronounce differently in context
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