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Definitions |
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immer
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always
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zweimal
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twice
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Saturn-position
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6th
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mercury
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intentar
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to try
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die Großeltern
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grandparents
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Convergent
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move towards
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Diameter of Earth
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12750
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SUN
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source of heat??
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appears
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how something looks
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mercury orbital
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88 days
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density
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mass divided by volume
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Kuiper Belt
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dwarf plamet reigon
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Pluto (rings)
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scientists don\'t know
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outer planets
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lots of moons, rings
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Elliptical
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the orbits of the planet
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Jupiter
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known for its red eye-storm
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Saturn
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2nd largest planet, very visible rings, over 60 moons, short days
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Mariner
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first American spacecraft to visit other planets--Mercury, Venus, Mars
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Neptune
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TRITON- largest of this planets moon
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Mars
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Density of 3900 kg/m3
Moons: Deimos and Phobos
Lack of craters due to erosive process.
No Magnetic field
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mercury surface temp @ equator
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700 K
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meteor
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(aka shooting star) is a meteoroid burning up in the Earth's atmosphere - meteorite - part of a meteoroid that survives the Earth's atmosphere and strikes the Earth - meteorites may be stone, iron, or a mixture of both - most often found on the Antarctic ice sheet
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Valles Marineris
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shows as large crack on Mars
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Moon
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Some planets have objects called _____ that orbit them.
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moons
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the smaller bodies that orbit the planets
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The Atom
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•The atom is the fundamental building block from which all matter is constructed
• Consists (basically) of protons (+), neutrons (0), and electrons (-)
Electrons occur in orbitals. Further from the nucleus then the higher the energy need to keep the electron in that orbital
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Meteoroid
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a piece of rock or ice traveling through space
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What is the equivalent energy in nuclear bombs going off every second to energy of what the sun produces each second?
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100 billion
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Perihelion
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when a planet is at its closest approach to the sun.
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History of Space Travel
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•Space travel required development of rocket engine
•First working rockets developed in Germany and US in 1920's
•First rocket capable of leaving Earth's gravity: German V2 rocket
•After World War 2 German scientists helped with construction of US
Saturn rockets (and Russians also took German plans)
•Sputnik (1957) first (Russian) satellite to orbit Earth
•First flyby of another planet (Venus). NASA Mariner 2 (1962)
•First man on Moon: Apollo 11 (1969)
•First orbit of another planet (Mars, NASA Mariner 9, 1971)
•First lander (except on Moon) was Russian Venera (1975) on Venus
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Venus
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Which planet is the second planet from the Sun?
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?
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How much larger is the Great Red Spot than Earth?
A: Twice as much.
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What is Venus's core made up of?
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Nickel and Iron.
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Mercury core density
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The high planetary density of this planet (5.43 g/cm3), nearly as high as the Earth, suggests that it has an iron core
So, like the Earth and Moon, this planet is a differentiated planet
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Nebula Hyphothesis
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A model that explains the formation of the solar system from a large cloud of gas and dust floating in space 4.56 billion years ago.
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The point when a planet is nearest the sun.
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Perihelion.
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S Wave Shadow Zone
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absence of s wave arrivals located from +103 to =103 of arc distance from epicenter
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inner planets characteristices
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the first four planets from the sun, rocky, are smaller than the outer planets, axis rotation is slow ( 1 to 224 days)
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Why are moons important?
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They "herd" the debris and keep it within the rings.
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How long is a day on Saturn in Earth time?
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10.4 hours
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what is colder. Uranus or Neptune? and why
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Uranus. Neptune has internal heat
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Mercury and ___ are thus rather alike in a number of important features.
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the moon. Like the Moon, Mercury's surface appears to be silicate rock. Like to Moon, Mercury has no detectable trace of an atmosphere (or water). Like that of the lunar highlands, the surface of Mercury is heavily cratered. The interpretation is the same as for the Moon: This is an ancient (ca 4.0 Ga?) surface.
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Fire
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Mars
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224.68 days
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*Venus
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Venus Gravity
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.91
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earth
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third planet
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6th largest planet
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Venus
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tipped on it's side
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uranus
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mars has a
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thin atmosphere
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247.7 years
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*Pluto (a dwarf planet)
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planets with no seasons
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Venus, Jupiter
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Volatility
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more volatile substances evaporate at a lower temperature than a less volatile(refractory) one
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Tholi
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Steeper slopes than shields (and paterae) (10 degrees or higher)
•Some may be buried tops of shields
•Others may be more viscous ("stickier") small lava shields or domes
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Venus Mantel
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Molten Iron and Nickel Mantel
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Wizard's Eye
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observed by Voyager, now gone
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distinct
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similar but separate objects, stands out because of their differences
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Ghost crater
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crater filled by liquid or material
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Life on Europa?
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•Liquid interior model more favorable to existing life (in a deep dark ocean)
•Organisms may be frozen into surface
•Acids may be a problem, but acidophiles on Earth thrive at pH<2
•Planned mission to Europa (Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter) recently cancelled. This included plans to drill through ice and send a robot down into "liquid water" (if there is any!)
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interstellar grains
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microscopic solid dust particles in interstellar space. These grains absorb starlight, making distant stars appear dimmer and redder than they truly are.
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solstices
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the beginning of winter and summer. Astronomically the solstice occurs when the Sun is at its greatest distance north or south of the celestial equator
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mostly hydrogen and helium
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reason for Jupiter's low density
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surface gravity
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the acceleration caused by gravity at the surface of a planet or other body.
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celestial equator
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an imaginary line on the celestial sphere lying exactly above the Earth's equator. It divides the celestial sphere into northern and southern hemispheres.
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venuse rotates slower day on venus__________
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year on venus
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hypothises
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a testable prediction often made by a theory
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Kepler's three laws
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laws that describe the motion of planets around the Sun. The first law states that planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun off-center at a focus of the ellipse.
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Mercury, venus, earth, mars
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the names of the inner planets
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giant planets
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Pioneer 10 and 11, Voyagers 1 and 2, Gallileo, Cassini, Huygens
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escape velocity
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the speed an object needs to move away from another body in order not to be pulled back by its gravitational attraction.
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solar nebula
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a large cloud of gas and dust such as the one that formed our solar system
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What does PHASE mean?
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The SHAPE of the lighted part of the moon
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