| Terms |
Definitions |
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craven
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cowardly
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hyperbole
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exaggeration
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euphony
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good sounding
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Octave scheme
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ABBAABBA
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imagery
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pictorial images
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Hexameter
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six-foot line
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five line stanza
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quintet
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repetition
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repeating a line
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free verse
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no meter
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Octameter
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8 foot meter
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quatrain
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4 line stanza
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Assonance
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Repeating vowel sounds
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Monometer
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one foot per line
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Modern English
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1500-Present Loose Accentual
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tetrameter
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4 feet 8 syllables
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Alliteration
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repetition of consonant sounds
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Spondiac foot
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Two stressed syllables
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poetry
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literature in metrical form
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lyric poetry
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short, song like poems
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pros
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writing in sentence/paragraph form: follows the rules of grammar.
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Simile
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comparison using like or as
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tone
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utter monotonously and repetitively and rhythmically
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HALF OR SLANT RHYME
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Almost rhyme
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prose
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all language not in verse
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Assonance
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The repetition of vowel sounds
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Speaker
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The voice of the poem
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lambaste
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to criticize or beat severely
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figurative language
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simile, metaphor, or personification to say things in ways that are not meant to be taken literally
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Polysyndeton
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use of several conjunctions in succession where they might not be needed (opposite of asyndtern)
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oxymoron
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1. "sweet sorrow"; working vacation; alone together
2. two words are apired that seem like they don't belong together
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Symbol
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Something that stands for something else
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personification
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giving human qualities to nonhuman things
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Blank verse
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Unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter
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Lyric
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A short poem of songlike quality
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internal rhyme
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rhyming inside of a line
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apostrophes
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someone usually, but not always absent, some abstract quality, or a nonexistent personage is directly addressed as though present
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dialect
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the characteristic speech of a particular region or social group
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Metaphor
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comparison not using like or as
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pastoral
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poems set in a rural setting
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pattern
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a combination of features, actions, or events that are repeated in a recognizable arrangement
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form
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overall structure or shape of a poem
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Irony
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Saying the opposite of what is true
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mood
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feeling created in the reader by poem-words, phrases, repetition, rhyme, and exaggeration all help to create this
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Epic
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long narrative poem with an exalted style and heroic theme, such as the Aenied by Virgil and Homer's Iliad and Odyssey
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rythm
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pattern created by the stressed and unstressed syllables of word in sequence
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rhyme
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the repetition of the stressed vowel and any sounds that follow in words that are close together in a poem
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Gustatory
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imagery appealing to the sense of taste
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Trochee
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a metrical foot containing a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed one
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Narrative Poem
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A poem that tells a story.
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rhyme scheme
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a regular pattern of rhyming words
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tragedy
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play, novel, or other narrative that depicts serious and important events in which the main character comes to an unhappy end
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anapestic
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to unaccented followed by accented (u, u, /)
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Allegory
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A symbolic narrative in which the surface details imply a secondary meaning.
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Onomatopoeia
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A word imitating a sound. Example: 'buzz', 'moo' and 'beep'
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syntax
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the order of parts in a sentence
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Refrain
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a phrase or verse recurring at intervals in a song or poem, esp. at the end of each stanza; chorus
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example of simile
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My knees felt like rubber.
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sonnet
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14 lined poem, iambic pentameter, ends with couplet
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Spenserian Stanza
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nine-line stanza consisting of eight iambic pentameter lines followed by an alexandrine, a line of iambic hexameter
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Cinquain
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Short unrhymed poem with 22 syllable distributed as 2 4 6 8 2 in 5 lines
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iamb
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An unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable
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Apostrophe
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a technique by which a writer addresses an inanimate object, an idea, or a person who is either dead or absent.
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allusion
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a passing or casual reference; an incidental mention of something, either directly or by implication:
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diction
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The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing
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Caesura
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a break or pause (usually for sense) in the middle of a verse line
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subject
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the main topic, whatever the poem is "about"
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Connotation
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the implied meaning of a word, as opposed to its denotation (literal meaning)
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analogy
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A likeness between two things that are not alike in other ways.
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invocation
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a call (usually upon a higher power) for assistance, support, or inspiration
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Stanza
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A grouping of lines equivalent to a paragraph in prose.
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Dramatic monologue
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type of poem in which the character-the speaker- addresses a silent audience in a way as to reveal untintionally some aspect of his personality
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mnemonic devices
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forms built into poems to help reciters remember the poems.
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Implied Metephor
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A comparison that is not actually stated, but suggested by the use of other specific details
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Dramatic poetry
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poets use sound to enhance meaning; sound of syllables of the lyrics are the drumsticks to highlight the meter
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onomatapoeia
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the use of words that imitate the sounds they make (i.e. buzz, sizzle, hiss, gurgle)
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heroic couplet
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pair of rhymed lines in iambic pentameter
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understatement
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form of irony in which something is intentionally represented as less than in fact it is
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literary ballad
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ballad meant to be read, not sung
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Image
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a word or phrase that appeals to one or more of the senses.
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persona
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a speaker created by a writer to tell a story or to speak in a poem
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Near Rhyme
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When words do not quite rhyme but almost do. Ex: breeze/phase
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end rhyme
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rhyming words that occur at the ends of lines ("normal" rhyme)
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dramatic irony
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irony in which the audience or reader knows something that one or more characters do not
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Enjambment
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when one line ends without a pause and continues into the next line for its meaning
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narrative poetry
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poetry that tells a story. like a story it has a plot, characters and a setting. unlike a story it makes use of sound devices such as rhythm and repetiton
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antithesis
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the placing of a sentence or one of its parts against another to which it is opposed to form a balanced contrast of ideas
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Foot
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A unit of meter; can consist of two or three syllables; lines of poetry are classified according to the number of feet in a line
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Ballad
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A type of poem that is meant to be sung and is both lyric and narrative in nature
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Beware the Participle
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a participle is a verb in disguise. It's actually a verb acts like an adjective. Participles make the action vague. They usally end in-ing or-ed and often show up at the beginning of lines. DON'T USE THEM!!!!
Perched on a tree stump,
Trying to see the woods
Looking at the pond
Watching birch trees bend in the wind
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ANAPESTIC FOOT ( U U / )
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three syllables--two unstressed and one stressed
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John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
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And whisper to their souls to go,
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"Shall I Compare Thee To A Summer's Day?"
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"Thou art more lovely and more temperate"
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glee
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joy
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clay
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joyce
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sestet
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six-line stanza
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pentameter
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5 feet
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octave
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8 line stanza
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sextet
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6 line stanza
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paradox
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(logic) a self-contradiction
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denotation
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literal meaning of word
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lyric poem
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a short poem
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William Butler Yeats
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"Sailing to Byzantium"
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Sarcasm
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Irony with a cutting edge
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Feet
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Units of measurement for meter
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syneedoche
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a part signifies the whole
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abstract
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language that describes qualities that cannot be percieved by the 5 senses.
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Villanelle
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a French verse form, strictly calculated to appear simple and spontaneous; five tercets and a final quatrain; example: Dylan Thomas's "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night"
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Limerick
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a humorous, rhyming, five-line poem with a specific
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ode
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a relatively long, serious, meditative lyric poem that treats a noble or elevated subject in a dignified and calm manner.
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haiku
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rules: 3 short powerful lines...1=5 syllables 2= 7 syllables 3=5 syllables
does not rhyme--is about nature feelings experiences...paint a mental image simple yet descriptive words
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anapest
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pattern of stressed and unstressed syllable in a foot -- (understand)
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external conflict
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•struggle against some outside force
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archetype
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image, character, or event recurrent in the literature and life of diverse cultures, suggestive of universal patterns of experience
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Consonance
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The repetition of consonant sounds. The tire was tight as it rolled onto the grass. The spurt of a lighted match.
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HEXAMETER OR ALEXANDRINE
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LINE OF SIX FEET
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feminine rhyme
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rhymes comprised of a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable.
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surprise endings
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end strongly with an unxpected ending
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sestina
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composed of six stanzas, each six lines long, with a concluding verse of three lines called the envoy
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two consecutive lines of verse that rhyme
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couplet
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metonymy
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substituting the name of an attribute or feature for the name of the thing itself (as in 'they counted heads')
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meter
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a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry
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white space
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is the blank space between stanzas that specifies a stopping/breathing point
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end-stop
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a line of poetry that ends with natural pause, usually marked by punctuation
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scansion
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the analysis of verse in terms of meter
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symbolism
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a concrete or real object used to represnt an idea
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riddle
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a statement, question or phrase with a double or veiled meaning that is in the form of a puzzle
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heptameter
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a verse composed in lines of 7 metrical feet
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sinus, sinus m.
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curve, fold of a toga, embrace
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Shakespearean Sonnet
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3 quatrains and one couplet, example and comment
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couplet
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a rhymed pair of lines in a poem
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Examples of Figure of Speech
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alliteration, assonance, metaphor, onomatopoeia, and simile
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Aperture (n)
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An opening, as a hole, split, crack, gap - - When I was buried alive in the coffin, there luckily was a small ___that let in a stream of light
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Slant rhyme
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rhyme in which the vowel sounds are nearly, but not exactly the same; variation of consonance and assonance
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foreshadowing
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a device used to give hints at and predict the future
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Figure of Speech
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An expression in which the words are used in a non-literal sense to present a figure, picture or image.
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terza rima
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a verse form with a rhyme scheme: aba bcb cdc, etc.
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John Donne, The Sun Rising
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Through windows and through curtains call on us?
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line
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a group of words on one line in a poem
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Enjambment/Run on Line
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no punctuation at the end of the line
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verbal irony
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a type of irony where there is a difference between what is said and what is meant
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To Autumn, John Keats
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Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they?
Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,—
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John Milton, On His Blindness
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That murmur, soon replies: "God doth not need
Either man's work or his own gifts; who best
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Annabel Lee- Shows his <3 for her
Kingdom by the sea- Shows setting
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What is repeated throughout "Annabel Lee"? Why would Poe do this?
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" 'Cause you find it kinder hard"
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Because you find that life is a struggle
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