| Terms |
Definitions |
|
define amphiarthroidal joints
|
semi-moveable
|
|
ARDS
|
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
|
|
Extramedullary and intramedullary tumors are classified as :
|
Intramedullary
|
|
Tracheostomy
|
artificial opening of the trachea
|
|
___________ are common intrinsic scrotal masses caused by collection of fluid in the testis.
|
Hydroceles
|
|
Enlarged foramen spinosum and increased meningeal vascular markings are indicators of :
|
Meningioma
|
|
Each erythrocyte contains _____ molecules of hemoglobin.
|
200-300
|
|
What factor impacts beam quality?
|
kVp
|
|
pre-op exercises are taught, neurovascular checks are done Q hr. after this
|
arthroscopy
|
|
dental radiography
|
producing radiographs teeth and structures by x-rays
|
|
If a fluoroscopic intensification tube has an input screen of 9 inches in diameter and a magnification setting is using only 6 in. diameter of that input screen, the magnification factor for this setting is ___ MF.
|
1.5
|
|
Electrons have an overall __________ electrical charge.
|
Negative
|
|
85% of primary gallbladder cancers are:
|
adenocarcinoma
|
|
Which Leukocyte is responsible for secreting histamines and dilating blood vessels?
|
Basophils
|
|
What is a pendunculated neoplasm?
|
is stalked
|
|
Information from this gland, neural and chemical, stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete different hormones
|
Hypothalamus
|
|
What is hepatomegaly?
|
Enlargement of the liver
|
|
Which position will best demonstrate the right SI joint?
|
LPO
|
|
During the menstrual cycle the ________ enlarges.
|
Myometrium
|
|
Name the rapidly growing, highly malignant, infiltrating tumor of neuroepithelial tissue.
|
Medulloblastoma
|
|
Elevated ACTH and inadequate corticosteroid synthesis occurs in:
|
Addison's disease
|
|
What organ is responsible for secreting the majority of seminal fluid?
|
Prostate
|
|
Bilirubin is formed during the destruction of:
|
erythrocytes
|
|
define radiography
|
process of making radiographs by exposure of films to x-rays
|
|
This pathology is caused by overgrowth of uterine smooth muscle tissue.
|
Leiomyoma
|
|
Tube angle indicators must be accurate within _____:
|
#NAME?
|
|
Which of the organizations that are involved with monitoring quality control can halt Medicare payments to a hospital if that hospital does not meet quality standards?
|
JCAHO
|
|
The magnification factor is a product of _________.
|
SID/SOD
|
|
That neurogenic condition in which the EG sphincter cannot relax resulting in dilated esophagus at the EG junction is:
|
Achlasia
|
|
__________ efficiency is how well the detectors convert incoming x-ray photons.
|
Absorption
|
|
Which skull classification refers to a long, narrow skull?
|
Dolichocephalic
|
|
A mass of undigested vegetable fiber within the stomach of bowel is called a:
|
phytobezoar
|
|
Which generation CT scanner had 30 detectors?
|
3rd
|
|
True or false. When doing sequential filming in the cardiovascular suite, to protect the tube from overheating, you should consult a tube rating chart.
|
FALSE
|
|
Malabsorption sydrome is a group of disease also referred to as:
|
sprue
|
|
What level is the mastoid tip located?
|
C1
|
|
Irregularities in a magnetic field created by outside ferromagnetic materials are compensated by:
|
Shim coils
|
|
Which thyroid disease may result in nephrocalcinosis?
|
Hyperparathyroidism
|
|
A complication of congestive heart failure is:
|
Pulmonary edema
|
|
True or false. A tungsten filament will not exhibit significant thermionic emission below 2000 degrees centigrade.
|
TRUE
|
|
Beta particles are identical to ______ except for their orgin.
|
Electrons
|
|
shows density & alignment of bone
|
standard x-rays
|
|
DEFINE RADIOGRAPH
|
A processed film, recording the aerial image or exit radiation of an anatomic part.
|
|
Each pixel (Voxel) has a gray scale that can be up to ____ bits.
|
32
|
|
1000 GB is equal to how many TB?
|
1
|
|
define endemic
|
high prevalence over a long duration (chronic)
|
|
The average primary beam has a peak energy of about ____% of the kVp setting.
|
30-40
|
|
True or false. Flux gain can be defined as the increase in light created by taking a large image and shrinking it in order to increase brightness.
|
FALSE
|
|
The first generation of scanner that was capable of imaging the whole body was the:
|
Second generation
|
|
Halation is a distortion found in which type of film?
|
single emulsion
|
|
True or false. The force between two uncharged particles is attraction.
|
FALSE
|
|
What effect does using an air gap technique have on image detail?
|
Decreases
|
|
The soft inner portion of the intervertebral disk is called the _________.
|
Nucleus pulposus
|
|
___________ is the route by which a drug is administered by injection.
|
Parenteral
|
|
________ is how often the CT detectors need to be re-calibrated.
|
Stability
|
|
The energy of electromagnetic radiation is measured in:
|
Electron volts (think: keV)
|
|
If a radiation has the strength to remove an electron from the orbit of an atom, it is known as:
|
Ionizing
|
|
What quadrant is the liver located?
|
Right upper quadrant
|
|
Valves of the heart are made up of:
|
Endocardium
|
|
This disorder is caused by a decreased level or absence of pituitary hormones, possibly due to infarct.
|
Hypopituitarism
|
|
What is celiac disease?
|
sensitivity to gluten producing lymphocytes which attack mucosa
|
|
What does PTH do?
|
Stimulates osteclasts and increases calcium absorption in kidneys and bowel
|
|
In what year did the first successful clinical demonstration of computed tomography take place?
|
1972
|
|
__________ is a procedure in which a high intensity anticoagulant, such as streptokinase, is dripped over a period of hours directly onto a clot to dissolve it.
|
Thrombolysis
|
|
DEFINE THEORY
|
A broad, unified concept of the laws underlying certain natural phenomena.
|
|
What should you do differently on a repeat exam if your image has quantum mottle?
|
increase mA
|
|
What are the two types of lymphoma?
|
Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's
|
|
The shaft and rotor are part of what end of the tube?
|
Anode
|
|
Benign breast tumors are most commonly found in:
|
Upper outer quadrant
|
|
A camera/monitor system with a high signal to noise ratio indicates:
|
very little noise
|
|
What is the function of eosinophils?
|
Fight parasites or allergy
|
|
What is the inner portion of the adrenal gland?
|
Adrenal medulla
|
|
What device, found beneath the table, greatly reduces the exposure to the technologist from the fluoro tube?
|
Bucky slot shield
|
|
Which two oblique positions can be used to best demonstrate an unobstructed image of a barium-filled esophagus between the vertebrae and the heart?
|
RAO & LPO
|
|
The only part of the x-ray tube that is external to the glass envelope is the:
|
Stator
|
|
In fetal circulation, that hole in the atrial septum allowing blood to move from right atria to left atria without traveling through the pulmonary system is called:
|
Foramen ovale
|
|
What is the maximum number of electrons orbiting in the outermost shell?
|
8 or less
|
|
The bucky factor for a grid with a 12:1 ratio is ______.
|
5
|
|
True or false. Step-up and step-down transformers operate on the principle of self-induction.
|
False (mutual induction)
|
|
The stage of the film manufacturing process in which the halide crystals are allowed to grow is the:
|
The ripening stage
|
|
Which sinus groups are best demonstrated with the PA projection, Caldwell method?
|
Frontal and anterior ethmoidal
|
|
What CNS disorder causes loss of coordination or balance, shuffling gait, memory loss, headache, and bladder control problems?
|
Adult onset hydrocephalus
|
|
If the incident xray is greater than 10 MeV, the nucleus of the atom splits up into fragments. What is this called?
|
Photonuclear disintegration
|
|
What type of hydrocephalus has the following symptoms: memory loss, gait disorder, urinary incontinence, and general slowing of activity?
|
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
|
|
EXPLAIN WHAT DETERMINES ACCEPTABLE LIMITS
|
Image acceptance limits are determined by accuracy on the technologist's part (was the image of good diagnostic quality?)
|
|
What is the correct rotation for an oblique ankle?
|
Medial 45 degrees
|
|
What is blood pressure?
|
Blood pressure is function of cardiac output and peripheral resistance
|
|
Hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen all have K-shell binding energies of:
|
Less than 1 keV
|
|
The anode heel effect is a consequence of the ___________.
|
Line focus principle
|
|
What would a porcelin gallbladder indicate?
|
Chronic cholecystitis, may predispose adenocarcinoma
|
|
What is self induction?
|
When an alternating current (AC) is supplied to a coil, the process by which the current is reversed by the AC also induces a change in the current at another portion of the coil.
|
|
IDENTIFY THE KIND OF ENERGY TRANSFORMATION THAT OCCURS IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING: ELECTRIC MOTER, BATTERY, AND STEAM ENGINE
|
ELECTRIC MOTOR: mechanical to electricalBATTERY: chemical to electricalSTEAM ENGINE: heat to mechanical
|
|
What does the abbreviation stand for: 3
|
dram, 4 or 5 ml
|
|
The three readings monitored by doing sensitometry testing on an automatic processor are:
|
Base fog, contrast and speed
|
|
What brain functions occur in the cerebellum?
|
Coordinates movement and maintains posture (receives information from the peripheral nervous system)
|
|
Name the three types of tumors of central nerve sheath cells that compress brain tissue and erode temporal bone.
|
Acoustic neurilemoma, acoustic neuroma, schwannoma
|
|
With a full wave rectified wave form, x-ray production starts and stops:
|
120 times per second
|
|
What are the different types of hemolytic anemia?
|
Spherocytic, sickle cell anemia, erythroblastosis fetalis, thalassemia
|
|
Upper GI: The stomach appears blotchy within the barium filled areas, what may cause this?
|
Residual food particles, inadequate preparation
|
|
What two parts of the mammo tube will always use the same material/element?
|
Anode & filter
|
|
What are the types of fluoro distortion?
|
Size, Sheet, and quantum mottle
|
|
Explain what emollient results look like.
|
soothing and softening effect to overcome dryness and hardness
|
|
EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF AND DESCRIBE BASIC METHODS OF RADIATION PROTECTION
|
Radiation protection is key to reducing unnecessary exposure to patient & technologist. Use of lead gloves, aprons, goggles, and shields are examples of protection.
|
|
For what type of stroke is tPA given for?
|
Ischemic to dissolve clots
|
|
The right lymphatic duct drains the:
|
Right upper extremity and right side of head and neck
|
|
What is a solid state CT detector?
|
combine a calcium tungstate, yttrium, or gadolinium ceramic scintillator with a photo detector
|
|
Which position is performed with the patient’s head positioned true lateral and the CR directed 25 degrees cephalad?
|
Axiolateral oblique projections of the mandible.
|
|
What is cardiac gating?
|
Can be used during a heart cath during left ventriculogram to synchronize the injection with r wave impulse of the patient's cardiac cycle.
|
|
WHAT DETERMINES THE ATOMIC WEIGHT OF AN ATOM?
|
Atomic weight is determined by the mass of any atom relative to the mass of an atom of carbon 12 isotope taken as 12.
|
|
What does the abbreviation stand for: KVO
|
keep vein open, very slow infusion rate
|
|
Using the traditional hip localization method, the femoral head can be located _________.
|
1 1/2" below the midpoint of the imaginary line between the two bony landmarks.
|
|
What is the effective focal spot?
|
The area of focal spot that is projected out of the tube toward the object being x-rayed. Controlled by the actual focal spot (which is controlled by the length of the filament) and the anode target area.
|
|
BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
|
All of the elements tabulated in order of increasing atomic number.
|
|
What is the role of the photomultiplier tube in Nuc Med imaging?
|
The PM tubes convert light from the scintillation crystal to an electronic signal.
|
|
What is the formula for finding heat units?
|
HU= mAs x kVp x generator factor
|
|
What is the CR placement for a lateral calcaneus?
|
1" inferior to the medial malleolus
|
|
How does off level grid cut off occur?
|
When the CR is not perpendicular with the grid
|
|
If, after a few years, silver stains or dark areas appear on your radiographs, the problem can probably be linked to:
|
The activator in the fixer did not completely stop the developing process.
|
|
What is the formula for computing heat units?
|
HU = kVp x mAs x Rectification constant x # of exposures
|
|
DESCRIBE THE INFLUENCE OF kVp ON:A. THE ELECTRONS MOVING FROM THE CATHODE TO THE ANODEB. THE BEAM OF X-RAYS EMITTED FROM THE TUBEC. THE EXPOSURE RATE
|
A. kVp affects the speed & energy of the electrons moving from the cathode to the anode (+ kVp = + speed & energy) B. kVp affects the penetrating ability of the beam (+ kVP = + penetrating ability of the beam)C. + kvp = + patient dose (exposure rate)
|
|
If, after a few years, your films are turning yellow in color, it is probably because:
|
The fixer was not removed during the wash cycle
|
