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Definitions |
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Prevention
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Vaccine
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repsonsible parties
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-signatures
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Profound
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below 20-25
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TMR
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Trainable- moderate
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LEA
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Local Education Agency
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LRE
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Least Restrictive Environment
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handicap
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the problems (disadvantages) encountered by a person with a disability when interacting with the environment.
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Teach self-reliance for self-determination and reduce
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passiveness
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Motivation
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learned helplessness--expects failure despite efforts and outer directedness--rely on others for assistance. Both products of frequent failure.
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EMR
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Educable mentally retarded- mild
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Limited intensity
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-consistency over time-limited amounts of time (not intermittent) Employment training
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Remedial
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-eliminate the effects of the disability through instruction (e.g. teaching skills for independent functioning to a child with disabilities)
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True or False?..All testing and evaluation procedures must be administered in a child's native language.
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True
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Teaming
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-special and gen ed teachers co-teaching.-Ex: IEP Team-most advanced form and most difficult level of collaboration to achieve.
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intermittent intensity
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-"as needed basis"-often short term-often during transitions-may be high or low intensity
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inclusionists typically advocates for students with
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mild/moderate disabilities
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dates of services
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-date for beginning services-frequency location and duration
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Exceptional Learner
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Learner whose physical attributes and/or learning abilities differ from the norm (either below or above) to such an extent that they require an individualized program of special education.
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True or False?... New Early interventional programs have been major contributors to the increase since 1986.
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True.
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Preventive
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prevent potential or minor problems from becoming a disability (e.g. early intervention for at-risk preschool children)
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Impairment
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Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical function.
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True or False?... Federal Law mandates special education for gifted children.
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False.
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Perinatal causes
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during or shortly after birth-Intrauterine disorders (premature delivery)-Neonatal disorders (head trauma at birth)
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inquiry
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the diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on the evidence derived from their work
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paradigms
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often referred to as common patterns of thought
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True or False?... Approximately half of the students in special edcuation have mid disabilties (such as mild mental retardation, learning disabilities and behavior disorders)
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False, 85%.
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True or False?...The ratio of males to females in special education is 2:1.
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True.
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Child Find System
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(under zero reject umberella)-states are responsible for finding, identifying and evaluating all children from birth-21 suspended of having disability.
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Related services
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Services that a child with disabilities may need in order to access and benefit from special education
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annual goals and objectives/benchmarks
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-goals-broad-a specific behavior (measurable)-overall yearly goal to make progress in the general curriculum both on academic and functional skills.
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True or False?.. Schools are NOT obligated by law to do pre-referrals.
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True
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Consultation
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-the special ed teacher sharing info about teaching a student study strategies.-more advanced form of collaboration-one person provides expert advice to another
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The majority of children with disabilities recieve most of their instruction in the __________ classroom.
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Regular education
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Many in regular education recieve individualized instruction in a ___________ for a portion of their school day.
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resource room
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resource room: _____% of the school day outside of general education class.
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21-60%
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Minority
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attempt to catgorize by race, not culture.
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Culturally Diverse
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is preferred when referring to children with diverse backgrounds
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Specific biological causes are identified for about ____ or ___% of individuals with severe forms of MR
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2/3 or 65%
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Attention
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often have trouble attending and to sustaining attention to important features of a task, may focus on distractions strategy--simplify tasks, reinforce correct responses, gradually increase difficulty of task)
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True or False?.. Prior to 1975, school districts were legally allowed to deny enrollment of children with disabilities
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True
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True or False?... the number of special education students decreases from age 3-9.
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False.
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science
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a way of knowing that includes the values and beliefs inherent to scientific knowledge and its development
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Strength Based Support
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Assumes all families have strengths that can be built on and used to meet their own needs, accomplish goals and promore well-being of the family.
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The Conceptual Shift
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Focuses on present functioning and environmental support needed to improve. Looked at the needs of the individual and not on degrees or definiency within the person.
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must a gen educator attend the IEP meeting?
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yes
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True or False- the causes of most cases of MR are known to biological or medical problems
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False--environment
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5 Cognitive Functioning Deficits of Individuals with MR
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-Memory-Slow Learning Rate-Attention-Generalization of LEarning-Motivation
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Persons with Mild MR make up about ___% of all persons with MR
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85%
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___% of all school aged students in special education
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9.6%
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regular class: less than ____% of the school day outside of general education class.
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21%
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Nondiscriminatory Identification and Evaluation
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-Schools must use nonbiased, multifactored methods of evaluation.-individualized testing/in child's native language -nondiscriminatory testing -valid and reliable instruments-trained personnel-test administered correctly
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station teaching
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2 teachers teach different lessons to 2 different groups and they switch
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alternative teaching
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one teacher teaches to the majority of the classroom and the other teaches to a small amount.
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the AAMR classified MR according to a profile of needed support identifed by an
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interdisplinary team
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Statement of specific educational services including related services and supplementary aides
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-in relationship to general education- modifications, academic, nonacademic participation in extracurricular activities-often in a checklist form-to promote success.
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Rank placements according to how many students with disabilities are served there from most to the least
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-separate class-residential facility-resource-regular class-separate school-home/hospital
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Disproportionate Placement of Culturally Diverse Students (CDS) in special education and why? 3 main reasons
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-Incongruity between teachers and CDS and families may lead to biased referrals behavioral modes of AA children are unfamiliar and misunderstood by teachers.-Inaccurate Assessment (poverity/trauma, disability, or diversity)-Ineffective Curriculum and instructional practices for CDS.
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name the IEP Components
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1. present level of performance2. annual goals and objectives/benchmarks-- benchmarks or short-term objectives3. A description of how progress will be measured and when reports will be provided on progress.4. Statement of specific educational services including related services and supplementary aides5. Justification of why student would not participate in the regular class.6. statement of any individual modifications needed in the administration of state/district testing7. dates of services8. statement9. responsible parties
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do parents have the right to a copy of the IEP
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yes
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Pennsylvania Assocation for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1972)
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-challenged law that denied public education for those who were "unable to profit"-free appropriate education for those with mental retardation and that placements in the regular classrooms were preferable (important)- should be in reg ed class if possible LRD- Also parents must be notified of any changed in education program.
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True or False?... Since the mid-70s, the number of students with learning disabilities has doubled while the percentage of students with mental retardation has decreased by more than half.
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True, has doubled (1977-1991)
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Slow learning rate
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trials to criteron is the number of practive trials needed before a student can respond correctly to a learning task without assistance. May need 20-30 trials to respond correctly without prompts. Use Go Fast- timed trials!
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relative services (physical therapy, occupational therapy)
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services that a child with disabilities need in order to access and benefit from special education.
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What if parents adn the school disagrees about the IEP?
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-Interim plan of agreement-Mediation-Due process Hearing
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Larry P. v. Riles (1979) which principle of IDEA?
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Nondiscriminatory Indentification and Evaluation-standarized tests discriminate (norms)-must consider culture-not solely on IQ-must use a variety of instruments-resolved by IDEA.
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Generalization of Learning
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May need to be programmed. Not good enough just to learn a task or skill. It must be used in different settings than the classroom.
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New Features Introduced by IDEA 2004 pg. 24- Identifying students with learning disabilities
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-Not to rely on achievement/intelligence discrepancy. -Response to instruction. If student respondes to intense intervention then not identified as LD.
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may the school write the IEP before the meeting and simply present it to the parent?
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No, only a draft.
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about ___% of the population falls 2 or more standard deviations below the mean, but only __% are identified as MR because we dont just look at these tests, we look at their ________
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2.3%, 1%, adaptive behavior
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The purpose of IDEA
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- to insuer full citizenship of the disabled.
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True or False?..The Law (PL 99-457) mandated early intervention services to infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families.
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False. encourages with increasing grants services to infants and toddlers through an individualized family services plan (IFSP)
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statement of any individual modifications needed in the administration of state/district testing
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-the IEP team determines if the student will participate in the regular assessment with modificates and if not why is it not appropriate and how will student be assessed.
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Why is it important to state precisely the number of exceptional children? What are the top 4 categories?
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1. State Criteria2. Resources of School Systems3. Imprecise nature of assessment4. Moves from one to another category at different stages of school life.
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Is the IEP info confidential
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Yes, but should be used to guide education; destroy it by the end of the year.
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must parents be informed of their rights?
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Yes, a full explanation of all procedural safeguards available to them. In written form, in their language, and discussed if necessary
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Special Ed services for Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers
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- beginning in 1990 each state was required to serve children with disabilites ages 3-5 with same services non disabled peers were recieving or lose all future federal funds for preschols. Later included an incentive grant program to reach infants and toddlers. (IFSP)
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True or False?... The number of children in special education has not grown significantly since the mid-70s.
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FALSE! There has been an overall incrase since 1976.
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Bd. of Ed. v. Amy Rowler (deaf) (p 26) which principle of IDEA?
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Free, appropriate public education -Supreme Court-Interpreter as a related service-appropriate, not best.-Benefit standard (not regressing or trivial progress) -Enacting principles of IDEA-went all the way to the Supreme Court, school system won because of benefit standard because not regressing.
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what does it mean when parents sign the IEP
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-consent-agrees to carry out the plan-may revoke later.
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Must the related services personnel attend the IEP meeting?
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No, if they do not attend, it sould be noted in the General Student Information that they collaborated eith the special education teacher on the goals and objectives.
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The most recent revision of the law is...
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IDEA now called the Indivials with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004.
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