Complete List of Terms and Definitions for Science Test 9

Terms Definitions
Ag Silver
regulation maintain homeostasis
a rock mine quarry
vertebrae protects the spinal cord
Electromagnetic Spectrum arrangement of electromagnetic radiation - including radio waves, visible light from the Sun, gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet waves,infrared waves, and microwaves - accordingto theirwvelengths:
2 Types of energy Chemical, free
absolute zero the temperature of −273.16°C (−459.69°F), the hypothetical point at which all molecular activity ceases.
Axis Imaginary vertical lines that cuts through the center of Earth and around which Earth spins
Devil's Tower example of a volcanic neck
1st Cranial Nerve, Olfactory: Stimulates smell senses.
dissociation ionic solid seperates into poisitive and negative ions(ions attaracted to solution by water)
conformation an atomic spatial arrangement that results from rotation of carbon atoms about single bonds within an organic molecule.
permafrost (in arctic or subarctic regions) perennially frozen subsoil.
reflecting telescope an optical magnifying instrument that uses a concave mirror in the base of the telescope the focus light from an object and form an image at the focal point
tropical rain forest a luxuriant broadleaf evergreen forest
ecosystem a community of organisms and their non-living environment
Mesosaurus and Glossopteris two examples of fossil evidence
cleavage the property of a mineral that describes its tendency to break along flat surfaces.
solubility amount of solute that can be completely dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a specific temp.
semimetals have some properties of metals but also have a properties that are typical of nonmetals
receptor -site of protien in membrane that somethign binds to.
convection the transfer of heat by the circulation or movement of the heated parts of a liquid or gas.
capillary one of the minute blood vessels between the terminations of the arteries and the beginnings of the veins.
consumer an organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms
Venus second planet from the Sun; has a dense atmosphere with high temps., a surface with craters, falutlike cracks, and volcanoes; sometimes called Earth's twin
neutron star collapsed core of a supernova that shrinks to about 20 km in diameter and whose dense core has only neutrons
Metamorphic The process by which rocks are altered in composition, texture, or internal structure by extreme heat, pressure, and the introduction of new chemical substances.
project gemini early us space program where one gemini astronaut team conected with another spacecrft in orbit
Las bacterias estan en dos reinos diferentes porque difieren quimicamente
Enzyme a type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plants and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed
What kind of blood does the pulmonary artery carry? deoxygenated
the surfaces of whole objects can be examined with a___________electron microscope compound
ecology the branch of biology dealing with the relations and interactions between organisms and their environment, including other organisms.
amplitude the state or quality of being ample, esp. as to breadth or width; largeness; greatness of extent.
new moon moon phase that occurs when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun, at which pint the Moon cannot be seen because its lighted half is facing the Sun and its dark side faces Earth:
convergent boundary A boundary between two plates that are moving toward each other, or converging.
transform boundary a plate boundry where two plates move past each other in oppostie directions
Atomic Mass The average mass of all the isotopes of an element.
The layer of atmosphere on top of the tropopause is the __________ stratosphere
jericho an ancient city of Palestine, N of the Dead Sea, formerly in W Jordan; occupied by Israel 1967–94; since 1994 under Palestinian self-rule.
The soil in the B horizon or middle layer s of soil. Subsoil
GULLY (water erosion) A large channel in soil formed by erosion.
Proposition of Continental drift theory The theory that continents move proposed by Alfred Wagener
What situations are Acrylic frames often used for? *Mandible fxs, small patients (ie. cats!)
What happens when diatoms die? Their glassy cases collect in the soil or fall to the ocean floor, forming a substance called diatomite.  Its used in scouring powders,  toothpastes and filters. 
What is the theory of continental drift? That all the continents were part of one supercontinent and they have been slowly drifting apart.
mammary breast
pangaea ancient super continent
oceanography study of the ocean
suspension the act of suspending.
mineral naturally ocurring inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition
Something which characterises an object, for examp Property
Define variation. Slight differences in offspring.
equinox twice-yearly time, each spring and fallm when the Sun is directly over the equator and the number of daylight and nighttime hours are equal
radiation energy transfered through space by visible light, ultraviolet radiation and other forms of electromagnetic energy
What gas did Daniel Rutherford discover? nitrogen
one.two.three. WHat RNA molecule carries amino acids?
microvilli any of the small, fingerlike projections of the surface of an epithelial cell.
Equilibrium point when all the molecules are evenly spread throughout
Mars Fourth planet from the Sun; appears reddish because of iron oxide in weatheres rocks; has polar ice caps, a thin atmosphere, and two moons
sedimentary sediment builds up and pressure is added
What layer of the atmosphere protects us from meteoroids? Mesosphere
Oxidation forms new substances from elements in rock
Cystic Fibrosis Most common Caucasian genetic disease (1/25 w/ rec. allele); thick mucus
Stucture of bread mold? spores, spore case, hyphae
conduction the transfer of thermal energy from one material to another by direct contact
salt substance formed from the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion oa a base
epicenter a point, directly above the true center of disturbance, from which the shock waves of an earthquake apparently radiate.
amidst in the middle of; surrounded by; among:
Valence Electrons Outermost electrons of an element. Is responsible for bonding
solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Sun and Earth and casts a shadow over part of Earth
comet a mass that travels through space and is composed of rock particles and dust mixed with frozen water, methane, and ammonia, tends to vaporize and break up after passing close to the sun many times.
contour interval the difference in elevation between to side by side contour lines
Astronomy the study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space
Estimate an approximation of a number based on reasonable assumptions
decomposer a living thing that breaks down and feeds on the remains of once-living things
deposition the process in which matieral is laid down
translucent material scatters light as it passes through ex. frosted glass
nucleus a central part about which other parts are grouped or gathered; core:
adaptation when an organism changes in order to improve its survival in its environment
Compound A pure substance composed of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined.
big bang theory states that approximately 12 to 15 billion years ago, the formation of the universe began with a fiert explosion.
luster the way in which light reflects from a mineral's surface is the mineral's?
abrasion is a form of erosion that can make pits in rocks and produce smooth, polished surfaces.
What temperature does water boil? Farenheit: 212 degreesCelsius: 100 degress
biome a large ecosystem with a unique set of characteristics; has its own kinds of plants, animals, and soil, and own patterns of temperature and rainfall;some can be found only in certain places on Earth, while others stretch across an entire continent;
What is th name of family 2? Alkaline Earth metals
Apparent Magnitude A measure of the amount of light from a star that is received on Earth.
cuticle the waxy coat over a leaf of a plant that helps retain water
A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface Igneous Rock
international system of units( SI ) stantard system of measurements used by scientists
what are lipids and their function? store energy -- waterproof coverings of biological membranes
Features of black bodies At low T, mostly IR; at high T, mostly UV
with increasing T, max emission is higher and occurs at shorter wavelength
The total rate of emission (emissive power of a black body at T) is the integral if E v. wavelength graphs
E and e are always less than Eb and eb.  The proportionality constant is known as emissivity of the material, ε
Why does the queen of the trailhead colony shed her wings? to move more quickly to avoid ants, spiders, and other predators
12. magnesium
thermals hot air bubble
wind energy energy in wind
Precipitate An insoluble substance that crystallizes out of a solution
galaxy a large group of stars
4x the size of Earth Uranus
Molecule (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
ice wedging one kind of frost reaction
embryo young plant that develops from zygote
Acromegaly syndrome that results when the pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone (hGH) after epiphyseal plate closure. A number of disorders may be affecting the pituitary to create this circumstance, although most commonly it involves a GH producing tumor derived from a distinct type of cells (somatotrophs) and called pituitary adenoma. Symptoms include soft tissue swelling visibly resulting in enlargement of the hands, feet, nose, lips and ears, and a general thickening of the skin; Soft tissue swelling of internal organs, notably the heart with attendant weaking of its muscularity, and the kidneys, also the vocal cords resulting in a characteristic thick, deep voice and slowing of speech; Generalized expansion of the skull at the fontanelle; Pronounced brow protrusion, often with ocular distension; Pronounced lower jaw protrusion with attendant macroglossia and teeth gapping
What is the framework for silicates? SiO
temperature measure of the average energy of random motion of particles in a substance
waning describes phases that occur after a full moon, as the visible lighted side of the Moon grows smaller
aileron the movable portion of an airplane's wing that helps control the rolling, side-to-side motion
Interior Plain That lies away from the cost
nonrenewable resource natural resources that are not replaced as they are used
Divergent boundaries
 

  		-occur where plates are spreading apart.
-Young divergence is characterized by thin or thinning crust and rift valleys.
-
Distillation The process of purification in which an impure substance is heated vapors, which are collected and condensed.
volume a collection of written or printed sheets bound together and constituting a book.
axon the appendage of the neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body.
endothermic noting or pertaining to a chemical change that is accompanied by an absorption of heat (
minerals nutrients needed by the body that are not organic compounds
asteroid a piece of rock similar to the material that formed into planets; usually found in the asteroid belt.
longitude the distance east and west from the prime meridian; expressed in degrees
Shield volcano a wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions
Metamorphic Rock Rock that has been changed by temperature pressure or reactions with hot water.
sliding friction occurs when two solid surfaces slide over each other
animals that eat other animals on the food chain consumers
Are there more than one type of earthquake? yes
sensory neuron a nerve cell that conducts impulses from a sense organ to the central nervous system.
organic noting or pertaining to a class of chemical compounds that formerly comprised only those existing in or derived from plants or animals, but that now includes all other compounds of carbon.
Describe alkali metals group 1a, have one single valence electron, and are extremely reactive
Giant late stage in a stars life cycle where its hydrogen is used up, its core contracts, and its outer layers expand and cool.
What does NASA stand for? National Aeronautics and Space Administration
What is a mass of water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air? Cloud
______ occurs when warm water from the western pacific streams easward to South America El Nino
Budding is an example of what type of reproduction? Asexual
polarization a state, or the production of a state, in which rays of light or similar radiation exhibit different properties in different directions.
Cenozoic Era
65 million years ago - today 		4th and present era
significance of inert bioceramics undergo little or no chemical change during long-term exposure to the physiological environment, a very thin fibrous membrane around the implant forms
List three types of less common properties in minerals used for identification. 1. Smell2. Taste3. Radioactivity
What kind of heart do reptiles have? Most or All reptiles? 3 chambered heart. Most.
growth to one-celled organisms is due to... an increase in size of cells
What is Healthy Forest Restoration Act and which president issed it? A law issued to resist destructive wildfires in order to save lives of firefighters, citizens of communities, threatened and wndangered species, and protect property by reducing tree density and build-up of underbrush and litter/President Bush
What can you learn from the color of a star? What is the difference between a blue star and a red star? Temperature, blue = hot, red = cool