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Definitions |
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Equation for Cellular Respiration
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C6H12O6+6(02)=6(C02)+6(H20)+ATP
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aerobic
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Reaction That DOES require oxygen
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Light energy
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energy created by light
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Heterothroph
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orgainizims who can NOT prouduce organic molecules
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Fermentation
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alchoholic and lactic acid (the equivilent to anaerobic respiration)
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Glycolysis
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the first stage in cellular respiration, sugar splittingmakes glucose into two pyruvic acids
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Exergonic
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Reaction witch energy is realeased to the surroundings
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Reduction
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Gain of electrons to a substance during a redbox reaction
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Pyruvic Acid
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2 molecules are created after glycolisis
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Chemical energy
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is produced through reactions that occur in chemical compounds
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Fossil Fuels
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-non renewable sources of energy (coal, oil, natural gas)-formed from plants and animals that lives up to 300 million years ago-provide most energy consumed in the USthey are burned to release chemical energy
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Radiant energy
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Radiant energy is energy that comes from the waves of the electromagnetic spectrum. Light is a type of radiant energy and so are x-rays.
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Kinetic energy
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Kinetic energy is energy which is being used. It is the energy of motion. It includes; Electrical energy, Radiant energy, Thermal energy and Motion energy.
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Potential Energy
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Potential energy is engery that isn't being used yet. It is stored energy. It includes; Chemical energy, stored mechanical energy, Nuclear energy, and Gravitational Energy.
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ATP
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Molecules cells use to store and move energy around in the cells
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Stored mechanical energy
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Stored mechanical energy is found in objects that want to bounce back into their natural shape when they are stretched or squished. There is stored mechanical energy in a drawn guitar string and in a compressed spring.
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Renewable energy
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energy that can be reused: wind, sun, ect.
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Lactic Acid Fermentation
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(look at formula) creates 2 ATP and ethanol
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consumers
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heterotrophs
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Watts
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Unit of Power
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power
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whenever energy is transformed
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Calorimeter
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measures change in heat energy
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potential energy is ______ energy.
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stored
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oil shale
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organic-rich shale that contains kerogen; 1/3 energy as one ton of coal
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Mechanical
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The Kinetic and potential energy together
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evaporation
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the act or process of evaporating.
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fuel
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combustible matter used to maintain fire, as coal, wood, oil or gas, in order to create power
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heat energy released during condensation
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gas to liquid
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What is ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY?
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Energy due to light.
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ion
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an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons, as a cation
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reaction
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action caused by the resistance to another action
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Wien's Law
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where max is the wavelength in micrometers at which maximum radiation emissions occur, T is the object's temperature in Kelvins, and the constant is 2897 um K
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Radiation
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Energy that travels in the form of waves
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biomass
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using organic material to turn in to fuels and use for electricity
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What theory did Albert Einstein develop to modify the laws of conservation of energy and mass?
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Theory of Relativity
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nucular
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energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
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Nuclear Energy
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Stored in the nucleas of an atom
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melting point
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the temperature at which a solid substance melts or fuses.
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energy
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capacity to move an object by the application of force
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specific heat
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water has the highest _____ ______ of common earth materials
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The altitude below which 50% of the atmosphere exi
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5.5 km
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refraction
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the change of direction of a ray of light, sound, heat, or the like, in passing obliquely from one medium into another in which its wave velocity is different.
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sun
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star that is the center of the solar system, planets revolve around and receive light and heat from
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Law of Conservation
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A law that stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed
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What did Einstein discover?
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He discovered that when matter is destroyed that creates energy
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cons of hydroelectric power
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large amounts of land are needed for reservoirs
river ecosystems are highly altered
reservoirs eventually fill in with sediment
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which does not belong. tell whyKelvinCelciusJouleF
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Joule because it measures kinetic energy and the o
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What is GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY?
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This is the stored energy that an object has due to its height above the earth's surface and its weight.
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candle flame, swimming pool, warm
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temp. higher in a ____ ____ than a ____ _____of really ____ water
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What is the LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS?
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Mass can neither be created nor destroyed.
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Energy from the sun.
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Solar Energy
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Electrical Energy
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Another term for electricity
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voltage
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electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts.
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A point where something begins (energy)
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source
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Conductor
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a material that carries electrical current
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parallel
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extending in the same direction, equidistant at all points, and never converging or diverging:
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A bus engine transfers chemical potential energy into ______ so that the bus moves.
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Kinetic Energy
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Conduction
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takes place when heat is transferred from one substance to another by DIRECT CONTACT..
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Sound energy
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Energy generated when a vibrating object’s kinetic energy moves through matter in waves.
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when something moves back and forth very quickly
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vibration
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fossil fuels contain energy that originally came from
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the sun
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visible light is an example of
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electromagnetic energy
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a substance that reduces the transfer of thermal energy
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insulation
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direct current
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an electric current of constant direction, having a magnitude that does not vary or varies only slightly.
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alternating current
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an electric current that reverses direction at regular intervals, having a magnitude that varies continuously in sinusoidal manner.
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A natural resource that cannot be replaced or that can be replaced only over thousands or millions of years.
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Nonrenewable Resource
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If an object has energy, this means that the object has the ability to cause...
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Change
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Heat energy
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The total kinetic energy of a substance’s atoms. The more movement of an object, the higher the heat energy it emits.
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Examples of renewable energy resources...
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hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, wind, biomass, and, possibly in the furture, nuclear fusion.
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the ability to make things move and change
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energy
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the process of burning a fuel is called
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combustion
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when generators are spun by turbines,
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they produce electricity
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Schematic Diagram
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a graph representation of an electric current or apparatus, with standard devices.
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the total energy of motion and position of an object
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mechanical energy
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energy resulting from the heating of the Earth's crust
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geothermal energy
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heat
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the state of a body perceived as having or generating a relatively high degree of warmth.
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The energy from the vibration of an object.
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Sound Energy
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What is solar energy?
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Sunlight that is converted into useable energy
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the formula, weight x height, is used to calculate
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potential energy
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Cell
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a device that is a source of electric current because of a potential difference
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a machine that uses heat to do work
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heat engine
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Energy released from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago
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Energy from fossil fuels
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What is biomass energy?
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The chemical energy stored in living things
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Electrical Potential Energy
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Potential energy of an object due to its position in a field
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Where do most renewable energy resources originate?
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Directly or indirectly from the sun.
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a change from one form of energy into another is called
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an energy transformation
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What is Potential Energy?
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energy that is stored as a result of position or shape
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What does an object's Potential Energy depend on?
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mass, height, and the acceleration due to gravity
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