| Terms |
Definitions |
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lowland natural erosion rate
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.1-.75
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mt. ranier natural erosion rate
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30-70
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rate of erosion units (1)
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tons/acre/year
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spotted owl (1)
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affected by clearcutting
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terracing (3)
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soil conservation method. different levels. most expensive/labor intensive.
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A lateritic soil is
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rich in iron
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Laterite
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An extreme variety of pedalfer soil that is highly leached ; common in typical climates
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local r horizons (4)
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carbonates/shales in Blacksburg(orange and clay rich), river sediment near NR, glacial sediment in Iowa, granite in Sierra Nevadas
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where are cfc's found?
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propellants in aerosol cans.
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The taking up of hydrocarbon molecules or metal atoms into minerals in soils is called
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chelation
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The soils that are commonly developed under deciduous forests and that have clay-rich B horizons are known as
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alfisols
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Chemical Weathering
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The breakdown of minerals by chemical reaction with water, with other chemicals dissolved in water, or with gases in the air
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Leaching
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The removal of elements or compound by dissolution
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R Horizon/Regolith (1)
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unaltered parent material. some (loose sediments) alter to soils faster than solid granites
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Waste disposal problems and recording past climatic signals (1)
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soil is crucial
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The humus that accumulates in rich soils is composed of
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vegetable matter
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Base cations in soils include:
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(1) Ca2+; (2) Na+
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E Horizon
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Layer typically found between A and B soil Horizons; also know as the Zone of Leaching
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old growth trees (2)
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huge circumference, hemlock in mtn lake.
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soil (engineer defn)
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solid earth material that can be removed without blasting.
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In the weathering of granite (and many other crystalline rocks) to form a soil, the original feldspar grains
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become clays
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Zone of Accumulation
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Soil layer found below the soil's A and E horizons; (same as B horizon)
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sandy coastal plain soil (3)
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drains freely, plants like it, nutrients are lost quickly, too.
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A natural lump of material in a soil is called
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a ped
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A Horizon/Zone of Leaching (3)
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ions are dissolved downward, brown to black, organic rich quartz sand.
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what is the best time frame to form one foot of new soil from granite bedrock?
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thousands of years.
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ban of methyl bromide (2)
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part of montreal protocol. us still uses 10k tons/year.
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Red colors in soils generally are caused by
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the presence of iron oxides
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Soils develop as a result of the combined effects of:
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chemical and mechanical weathering.
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changes in topsoil map (2)
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virginia, iowa losing a lot of soil. important b/c we depend on them for crops.
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Ion exchange, a property of soil clays, is a process that
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makes fertilizer elements available to plants
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how is parent material altered by soil development? (3)
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freezing/thawing bash the rock into smaller pieces, chemical processes alter old minerals like feldspars/micas, organic matter is created.
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