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l'automobile
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Automobilindustrie
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spurious
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false
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l'intégration
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Eingliederung, Integration
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un(e) Marocain(e)
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Marokkaner/in
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un dossier
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Akte, Fall
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une terre d'asile
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Asylland
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Monogamy
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unites 2 individuals
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s'en sortir
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mit etw fertigwerden
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le droit de sang
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Abstammungsrecht
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folkways
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norms governing everyday behavior.
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une situation réguliére
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rechtlich geregelte Verhältnisse
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Stratified societies
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characterized by considerable inequality in all forms of social rewards (power, wealth, prestige)
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how to build support
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1. bridging2.amplification3.exstention4.transformation
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social constructs
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institutionalized entity constructed by participants in a particular culture or society that exist because people agree to have as if it does
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Affirmative Action
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Reduce discrimination in Educational institutions, housing and in employment
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Ageism
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**Devaluing of the elderly, purely because of their age**Connected to our society’s emphasis on maintaining our youthfulness and beauty**EFFECTs: government programs for the elderly are often the first ones to get their budget minimized or cut completely.
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Voluntary associations
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political, occupational, religious, or recreational groups, usually found in an urban area, that people join freely and that often help in the adjustment to urban life
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Wealth
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the accumulation of material objects that have value in society
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Regional expertise
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anthropologists who function as culture area specialists
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Mores
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Norms specifying behaviors that must or must not occur, and to which strong feelings may be attached, such as those relating to the selection of a marriage partner.
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Child Savers
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-Nineteenth century reformers who believed children were basically good and blamed delinquency on a bad environment.
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culture
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totality of our shared knowledge, language, material objects and behavior.
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Conflict Theory
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States that prejudice emerges and persists because it helps powerful people oppress other groups and retain their power
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give another name for a resume
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curriculun vitae
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Modernization theory
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the theory that explains economic development in terms of the inherent sociocultural differences between the rich and the poor
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Caste
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a rigid form of social stratification in which membership is determined by birth and social mobility is nonexistent
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Group
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A collection of individuals who have regular interaction.
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Ideology
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A systematic body of ideas (for example, doctrines or myths) held by members of a class, institution, or group.
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Deterrence Theory
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-Delinquency is committed when the benefits outweigh the perceived risk of punishment.-Delinquency is a function of severity, certainty, & speed of punishment (THREAT of punishment deters people!).-General Deterrence (Societal) vs. Specific Deterrence (Individual)
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Feminist Theory
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-Females are less delinquent because their social roles afford them fewer opportunities to commit crime.-As females become more closely aligned with males, they will mirror male delinquency patterns
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Hawthorne effect
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unintended influence that observers of experiments can have on their subjects.
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dominant ideology:
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set of cultural beliefs that legitimates exisiting powerful social, economic and politiccal interests.
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Founding fathers of sociological discipline
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Marx, Weber, Durkheim
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deconstruction
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the process of showing how certain social phenomena are arbitrary , devised by social actors
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social stratification
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division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy.- presists over generations.- is maintained through beliefs shared by society
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Ethnicity
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is a shared cultural heritage, such as a common language, ancestorys, or a religion
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Dowry
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The transfer of goods or money from the bride's family to the groom or the groom's family in order to legalize or legitimize marriage
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Polyandry
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unites one woman and 2 or more husbands
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Gender stratification
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a division in society where all members are hierarchically ranked according to their gender
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Holistic perspective
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looking at multiple variables and see human problems in their historical, economic, and cultural contexts
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Peripheral nations
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In a world-system, countries in which production is based on technology that relies more on inexpensive human labor than on expensive machinery; such countries are usually economically poor.
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Iron law of oligarchy
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The inevitable tendency for organizations to be ruled by a few people, even those organizations that purport to be democratic.
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Uniform Crime Reports
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-Annual publication from the Federal Bureau of Investigation presenting data on crimes reported to the police, number of arrests, and number of persons arrested.
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Homicide Victimization
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-Most likely to be victimized between 18 and 24 years old
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Assertiveness Training
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- Some youth are passive participants in social relationships and are lead by peers into delinquent behaviors.- Reinforces independent thinking and decision making.- Gives youth tools to say ânoâ and avoid peer pressure.
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ethnocentrism
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assume ones own culture and way of life represent the norm superior to others
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generalizability
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extent to which we can claim finding inform us about a group larger than the one studied
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Parsons and the "sick role"
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*temporary*, medically-sanctioned form of deviant behavior; behavior and obligation expected from a sick person
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Divorce effects on Children
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One parent generally effects primary custody and that parent is usually the mother.**Financially support for the parent who has custody is often times minimal***Living in poverty*Decreased self-esteem and aspirations over a lifetime*Small children react the most and emotionally withdrawing or acting out at school.
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Elder Abuse
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More and more baby boomers lead to, too much demand at some of the elderly institutions leads to patients being drugged to calm them down and spend less attention to them. sometimes the elderly are actually abused
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Sororate
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when a woman dies, her sister or close female relative marries the widower
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Universal male dominance
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notion that men are dominant over women in all societies
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Culture of poverty
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The belief that poor people are poverty-stricken because of a shared lack of motivation to work hard, earn a living, or gain an education.
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What kind of gang (s) have high endurance?
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-Hispanic/Latino-Chinese American
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Who is responsible for the Crisis Management Model?
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- Carl Rodgers
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Strategic Capacity (pg 286)
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the liklihood that an organization will develop an effective strategy
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Conflict means to social progress
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social movements for fundamental societal change
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progress
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a movement toward a goal or to a further or higher stage:
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Critiques of Culture theory
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Prejudice is unavoidable and is not changeable across cultures since its been around for such a long time
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Classical School Theories/Classical Criminology
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-In these theories: Critical factor is CHOICE (people have the free will to make the choice either to commit or not commit crime)-Criminality is linked in some way to sin-Emphasis is on INDIVIDUAL!
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What kind of gang (s) have NO political orientation?
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-Stoner-Chinese American-Southeast Asian
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Conditions of Parole
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- Live at address- Obey all laws- Full-time program- Contact parole officer- Not use, possess or have under control drugs or alcohol- Report all LE contacts- No deadly weapons- Cannot leave Colorado- Comply with parole plan- Additional conditions
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3 realms of patient privacy
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psychological (right to keep feelings to themselves), social (norms of doctor behavior), physical (duh)
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Type 3 of Law: JUVENILE LAW/JUSTICE
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-Standard of evidence can be PREPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE!-LESS STIGMATIZING than criminal law-LESS PUNITIVE & more rehabilitative than adult-SANCTIONS ARE LESS SEVERE-Juvenile records are "sealed"-Much of juvenile law has a CIVIL TONE
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What kind of gang (s) have the highest and lowest importance of culture?
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-Highest=Hispanic/Latino & Afro-American-Lowest=Stoner-All the rest are moderate importance
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concerned with the tendency of organizations becoming more conservative over time. They may become more focused on sustaining and conserving...
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"Political organization leads to power but power is always conservative."
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minority groups are absorbed into the majority group
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assimilation- makes society more homogenaus (melting pot ideology)
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give 5 signs of stress at the work place
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anxiety, tension, pressure, frustation and and nervousness
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Feminist Theory: Growth & Gender Patterns
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-Growth has only occurred for LESS SERIOUS CRIME-Gender based patterns continue-Crime for males and females goes up and down
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reasons for large drops in mortality (McKinlay&McKinlay;)
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not really medical advances, but improvement in sanitation, public health, drop in infectious disease rates, labor laws, etc
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What is a difference between adults and juveniles?
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- Juveniles can be released to parents, adults cannot.- Courts prefer to let kids go home to their parents if they can.
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What are the characteristics of family that are linked to delinquency?
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-Broken homes: This is simply NOT TRUE but certainly results in MORE STRESS & CHALLENGES FOR FAMILIES & YOUTH.-Family relationships: Parental conflict; Low affection; Low closeness; Low attachment.-Parental criminality: Criminality of parents affects the criminality of their children b/c of ROLE MODELING.-Family structure: Birth order; Sibling gender; Delinquency; Size of family; Teen mothers.-Bonding/Attachment/Values/Parenting Skills/: Child abuse (physical or emotional trauma to a child) & neglect (deprivation such as lack of food, shelter, attention).-Inconsistent discipline.
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Major supreme court case: 1868- Daniel O'Connell
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- Dad puts him in house of refuge â Few years later parents wanted him back and this time courts reversed it and gave him back to his parents- Parens Patrae did NOT apply here- Conditions had gotten so bad in Refuge Houses b/c of Civil War so it was NOT in his best interest to be there â Hadnât broken any laws
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