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Definitions |
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tetrad/bivalent
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paired homologues
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trait
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character variant
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The cell cycle
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diploid
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2 chromosomal sets
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"Father of Genetics"
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Gregor Mendel
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father of genetics
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G-Band
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Giesma dye Mixture
overcomes temporary effect of Q flourescence
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locus
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-specific location ("address") of a gene
-location of a gene on a chromosome
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Genotype
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an organism's allele pairs.
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karyolymph
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clear nuclear sap containing protein
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Diplotene
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double thread at which homologues begin to separate as the synaptonemal complex begins to break down
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karyotype
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picture of a chrmosomes organized by length in descending order; organized by centromere and bending pattern
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alleles
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alternate forms (variants) of a gene
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Carrier
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individual heterozygous for a recessive disorder such as cystic fibrosis or Tay-Sachs disease.
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Heterozygous
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organism with two different alleles for a specific trait.
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Gene
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functional unit that controls inherited trait expression that is passed on from one generation to another generation.
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7. heterozygous
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7. having different alleles for a gene
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synaptonemal complex
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lattice that holds homologues together
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p arm
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short arm of sister chromatid
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homozygote
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diploid or polyploid with the same allele
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Multiple Alleles
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-multiple allelic forms on genes
ex: A B O blood groups
(see table 14.11)
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Codominance
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both alleles contribute to the phenotype and are expressed to the same extent
ex: human blood groups M,N,MN
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Incomplete Dominance
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F1 generation individuals have appearance somewhere between that of their parents
example: P-red and white; F1- pink; F2-1 red, 2 pink, 1 white
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heterozygous
vs.
hybrid/heterozygote
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different alleles at given locus on homologous chromosomes
vs.
individual with different/heterozygous alleles at a given locus
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Recessive
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Mendel's name for a specific trait hidden or masked in the F1 generation.
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Dominant
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Mendel's name for a specific trait that appeared in the F1 generation.
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Sex-linked trait
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characteristics such as red-green color blindness controlled by genes on the X chromosome; also called an X linked trait
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2. cross-fertilization
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2. processs by which sperm from one flower's pollen fertilizes the egg in a flower of a different plant
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12. genotype
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12. genetic makeup of an organism; an organism's combination of alleles
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what are the 5 subphases of Prophase I?
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Leptotene
Zygotene
Pachytene
Diplotene
Diakinesis
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acrocentric
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centromere is near one end; arms very unequal in length.
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genotype
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the genetic makeup or set of alleles of an organism
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Autosome
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chromosomes that is not a sex chromosomes.
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14. dihybrid cross
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14. mating of two organisms that differ in two characters
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Principle of Dominance
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in heterozygotes, one allele may mask the expression of the other allele.
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G1 of cell cycle
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organelles double in number, cell enlarges, some protein synthesis
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What is the psuedoautosomal region?
What allows for Mendel's law of segregation?
What allows for Mendel's law of assortment?
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Psuedoautosomal region= homologous sequences of nucleotides on the X and Y chromosomes...genes located within them are inherited just like any autosomal gene.
Mendel's law of segregation is explained by the fact that homologous chromosomes become seperated into different gamets during meiosis.
Mendel's law of assortment is explained by the fact that homologous chromosomes align independently during meiosis.
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homozygous
vs.
homozygote
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same alleles at a given locus on homologous chromosomes
vs.
an individual with homozygous alleles
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Law of Segregation
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Mendelian law of stating that two alleles for each trait seperate during meiosis.
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reciprocal cross
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a pair of crosses in which the genotype of female and male parents in the first cross are reversed in the second cross.
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homologous pair
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a pair of chromosomes of the same length and centromere position that posses genes for the same characters at corresponding loci
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How are males and females distinguishable in ZW animals (birds, butterflies)?
How can you tell the difference b/w an autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant trait when looking at a pedigree?
How can you tell the difference b/w an X-linked recessi
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Females= ZW (heterogametic)
Males= ZZ (homogametic)
Autosomal recessive traits are more rare and often skip a generation. Autosomal dominant traits are more common and are often in every generation.
X-linked recessive traits are more common in males than in females. X-linked dominant traits are present in every generation, passed down from mother to son.
Bayes' theorem is used to calculate you know the conditional probability of a certain event, P(A|B), but the other, P(B|A) is of more interest.
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Law of Independent Assortment
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Mendelian law stating that a random distribution of alleles occurs during the formation of gametes.
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Plasmid that has integrated itself into the genome by recombination.
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Episome= the plasmid that integrated itself into the genome by recombination.
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what are the 4 features used to distinguish the morphology of a chromosome?
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1. length
2. bending pattern
3. presence/absence of satellites
4. centromere location, relative arm length
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third part of
Particle Theory of Inheritance
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A trait may not show up but can still be passed down.
(recessive allele)
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right
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derecho(a)
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para
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near
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hermoso/a
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beautiful
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a porta
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door
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cognizant
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conscious of
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la difusion
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spreading
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barato(a)
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inexoensive, cheap
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gathering
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la reunion
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tempestas, tempestatis, f.
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storm
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abdominopelvic regions (middle)
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epigastricumbilicalhypogastric
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url
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uniform resource locator
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compreender
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to comprehend; to understand
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granum
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a stack of thylakoids
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gratis, gratuito(a)
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free, without cost
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solitary
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alone; without companions; unattended:
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Affable
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(adj.) Courteous and pleasant, sociable, easy to speak to
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standardization
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Defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested "standardization group"
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pietism
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protestant revival began in germany
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explicit memory tasks
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-involves conscious recollection -participants know they are trying to retrieve information
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linguistic anthropology
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the study of human languages
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declaration
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a staement that declares, or announces, an idea
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pono, ponere, posui, positus
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to place, put
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ab or a
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from prep. + abl.
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manifest
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describes, in Freudian terms, the surface content of a dream
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§Bursitis
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§An inflammation of a bursa, usually caused by a blow or friction
§Symptoms are pain and swelling
§Treated with anti-inflammatory drugs; excessive fluid may be aspirated
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solicite ver..., Pida ver...
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ask to see
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H pons
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involved in consciousness; neural tramissions from one part of the brain to another; involved in facial nerves; relay station
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apathy
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absence or suppression of passion, emotion, or excitement.
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tribal societies
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Societies in which people supported themselves through hunting and gathering with simple tools, such as the spear. There was a great deal of diversity between these groups, although they are usually all categorized as the same
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Chemical Composition
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These lines identify the elements present and thus the star's
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Salafi
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Arab world should stop immitating the West but should modernize based on restored Islamic faith; = oppose western influence
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Emporia
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Indian port cities that were involved in maritime trade in the Indian Ocean Basin.
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extrinsic motivation
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outside yourself
ex. you receive a grade from teacher
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brainstem
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oldest part of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells upon entering the skull; controls fundamental survival processes like heartrate and breathing
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Vertebral Column
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§Formed from 26 irregular bones (vertebrae) connected in such a way that a flexible curved structure results
§Cervical vertebrae – 7 bones of the neck
§Thoracic vertebrae – 12 bones of the torso
§Lumbar vertebrae – 5 bones of the lower back
§Sacrum – bone inferior to the lumbar vertebrae that articulates with the hip bones
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Stretch Reflex
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Stretching the muscle activates the muscle spindleExcited motor neurons of the spindle cause the stretched muscle to contractAfferent impulses from the spindle result in inhibition of the antagonist
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negligence
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the doing of something a reasonable person of ordinary prudence wouldn't do or the failure to do something a reasonable person of ordinary prudence would do
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F cerebral cortex
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receiving and processing sensory information, thinking, other cognitive processing, and planning and sending motor infocognition
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fluctuate
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to change continually; shift back and forth; vary irregularly:
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isotope
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atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons.
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Earth
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Only known planet with life and liquid water- Terrestrial
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Eliza Lucas
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a young women who had introduced indigo as a successful plantation crop after fer father sent her to suspervise his South Carolina plantation when she was 17.
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joint- stock company
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investors bought stock, or part ownership i the company in return for a share of its future profits
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strategy
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a plan for fighting a battle or war
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median
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the middle one of a set of numbers
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centralization
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the act of consolidating power under a central control
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Functional Brain System
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Limbic system in charge of emotionsReticular formation
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Nerve impulses?Muscle Cells?
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nerve cells respond by generating electrical signals.muscle cells respond by contracting, which generates force to move body parts.
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Flexibility
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Ability of joints to move through full range of motion
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sovereignty movement
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Effort by the indigenous people of Hawaii to secure a measure of self-government and restoration of their lands
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squalid
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foul and repulsive, as from lack of care or cleanliness; neglected and filthy.
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The vertical drop of a stream channel over a certain distance is called.
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A gradient.
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Thomas Aqinas
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a domincain friar and priest who was one of scholastisims champions
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Bill of Rights
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The first ten amendments of the Constitution, the bill of rights was added in 1791 when it was adopted by the necessary number of states. It guarantees such civil liberties as freedom of speech, free press, and freedom of religion. Written by James Madison.
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depth perception
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an ability that we exercise by using both monocular and binocular cues
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Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal
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functionsMotor – innervates part of the tongue and pharynx, and provides motor fibers to the parotid salivary gland
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usage
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internet use is going up, while TV use is going down (slightly)
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8) As a typical 25 yr old american female, cindy is __ as likely to die within a yr as her twin brother brady.
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A..half
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State Of The Union Adress
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The President's annual message to Congress, in which he usually proposes the administration's programs
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Central Nervous System
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consists of the brain and the spinal cord
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mainframe operating systems (MOS) (1 answer)
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designed primarily to optimize utilization of hardware
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disheveled
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to let down, as hair, or wear or let hang in loose disorder, as clothing.
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Who is in charge of the unemployment rate?
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Bureau of Labor Statistics
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30) Kate thinks that no matter what she does, she will not be able to do well in her developmental psy class. Perception is
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D.. personal control beliefs.
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28) Tim is in a terrible bind. He promised he would go to concert, not has to be at airport. Experiencing
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D.. work family conflict
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5) Which of the following is not part of the definition of active euthanasia?
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D.. must involve individual in persistent vegetative state of whole brain dead.
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