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Aristocracy
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Plebian Assembly
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pyramid
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tombs for pharoahs
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Renaissance gave birth to....
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diplomacy
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theocracy
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government by religious leaders
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an old man-made object
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artifact
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Hannibal
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Carthagian general, launched surprise attack on Italy with an army and 18 elephants. Crushed Rome.
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Munich Conference
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Chamberlain (Britain), Daladier (France), Hitler (Germany), Mussolini (Italy)
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Copernicus
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-astronomer and mathematician -first to question the geocentric view -part of the catholic clergy -convinced that earth revolved around the sun -one of the first to distinguish the solar system from the larger universe that included other stars
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dissident
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disagreeing, especially with a majority
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Bolsheviks
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a group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917
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Geography
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Study of people, their environments, and their resources
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Lenin
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the leader of the Bolshevik Revolution
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Napoleon
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A French general, political leader, and emperor of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Bonaparte rose swiftly through the ranks of army and government during and after the French Revolution and crowned himself emperor. He conquered much of Europe but lost two-thirds of his army in a disastrous invasion of Russia. After his final loss to Britain and Prussia at the Battle of Waterloo, he was exiled to the island of St. Helena in the south Atlantic Ocean.
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Lutherans
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those who follow Martin Luther's teachings.
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true
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Augustus voluntarily chose to share power with the Senate, and took the title princeps. T/F
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Rabelais
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French satrical author. Gargantua and Pantagural.
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sir thomas more
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(1478-1535) Englishman, lawyer, politician, Chancellor for Henry VIII. Wrote Utopia which presented a revolutionary view of society, in which the problems of society were caused by greed. Executed by Henry VIII for not compromising his religious beliefs.
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Charles Darwin
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English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection while studying plants and animals in South America and the South Pacific
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Horace
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wrote of human emotions in satires
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false
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Men joined the army and became citizens at the age of 30. T/F
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despots
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hired strongmen to maintain law and order to permit normal flow of business activity
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Winston Churchill
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British statesman and leader during World War II
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Burschenschaften
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student societies in the German states dedicated to fostering the goal of a free, united Germany
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Machine Gun
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the most devastating weapon in WWI
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Reformation
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A religious movement of the 16th century that resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.
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What can Egyptian religion best be described as?
A. polytheistic
B. monotheistic
C. agnostic
D. atheistic
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polytheistic
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Indulgences
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Reduction of the punishment a sinner would suffer in purgatory; often granted by medieval and Renissance popes.
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greek fire
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The Byzantine Empire withstood attack because of their use of _____________.
defensible location
strong fortifications
greek fire
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Trench Warfare
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Fighting with trenches, mines, and barbed wire. Horrible living conditions, great slaughter, no gains, stalemate, used in WWI.
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Football Association
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organized athletic group in England; sought to teach teamwork, useful for military service
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Hiroshima
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in Japan, first city in history destroyed by a nuclear weapon; US bombed Hiroshima in response to Japan bombing Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
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rameses II
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greatest pharaoh. reigned during the exodus, built a great tomb for his sons
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Impressionism
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A movement that originated in France in the 1870s when a group of artists rejected the studios and museums and went out into the countryside to paint nature directly. Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), one of Impressionism's founders, expressed what they sought: "...Work at the same time upon sky, water, branches, ground, keeping everything going on an equal basis and unceasingly rework until you have got it...Don't proceed according to rules and principles, but paint what you observe and feel. Paint generously and unhesitatingly, for it is best not to lose the first impression."
Claude Monet (1840-1926): Impression, Sunrise, 1874
Berthe Morisot (1841-1895): Young Girl by the Window, 1878
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merchant guild
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A band of merchants prohibiting nonmembers from trading in the town, and often serving as the earliest town government
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justinian
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emperor of the eastern roman empire. his most important contribution was his codification of roman law, which eventually became the basis of the legal system of all of continental europe
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Hellenic
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What term did the Greeks used to describe their culture?
Greek
Hellenic
Delian
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Agricultural (Neolithic) Revolution
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shift from hunting animals and gathering plants to producing food by systematic agriculture
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Plebians
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Poor people, won the right to elect spokesmen and made the "Law of the twelve tables"
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equestrians
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a group of extremely wealthy men in the late Roman Republic who were effectively barred from high office but sought political power commensurate with their wealth; called equestrians because many had gotten their start as cavalry officers (equites)
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Herod
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king of Judea who (according to the New Testament) tried to kill Jesus by ordering the death of all children under age two in Bethlehem (73-4 BC)
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Trotsky
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Rival of Stalin. Was exiled by Stalin and later murdered by his agents.
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William and Mary
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started the Glorious Revolution, which overthrew King James II
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coins
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to meet the expanding demands of the trade fairs,commercials towns began minting _____
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Unification of Germany
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1871 and created the German Empire
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Isaac Newton
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devloped the law of gravitation, wrote Mathematical Prociples of Natural Philosophy, or Principia,devopled deism
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The invisible hand
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dynamics of the marketplace; the concept that says that the marketplace is self-regulating; you don't need the government to intervene (supply and demand, or natural laws, control pricing/profit/success rates)
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Velazquez
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Spaniard who was well known for his paintings at court: portraits of aristocrats and nobility
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Christmas in 800
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Leo crowned Charlemagne as Roman emperor. This offended Constantinople, which had traditionally been seen as the defender of Rome, but the Eastern Roman Empress Irene of Athens was too weak to oppose Charlemagne. Charlemagne was to intervene in church affairs, not always being successful.
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Solidarity
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Polish trade union created in 1980 to protest working conditions and political repression. It began the nationalist opposition to communist rule that led in 1989 to the fall of communism in eastern Europe.
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Grand Army
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Army used by Napoleon
Made up of forces from all across the Empire
Gained much success until the invasion of Russia and the subsequent fall of the Empire
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3 architectural advancements from the Roman time period
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-ANCIENT ROME
-Arches, domes, vaults
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SPD: Social Democratic Party
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the German Social Democratic Party, founded in 1875 because of the labor agitation of Ferdinand Lasalle who wanted workers to participate in German politics. It was divided between those who advocated reform and those who advocated revolution. Bismark largely repressed this party, believing socialsim would undermine German politics and society. Being a socialist in Germany eventually meant sacrificing a respectible German life and possibly, a career. Its members had the goal of getting more and more representatives in the Reichstag.
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July ordinances
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Charles 10 issued what set of laws that led to the French Revolution of 1830
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El Grito de Dolores
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Father Hidalgo's speech meaning "The Cry of Dolores," it called for Mexicans to fight for "Independence and Liberty"
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Byzantine Empire
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The western empire soon fell, but the eastern empire became known as the ______________________.
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Diet/Edict of Worms
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1521; meeting at Worms; Congress of Church, was convened and Luther was forced to go on trial and was convicted of Heresy. He wouldn't recant his statements and so was declared an outlaw.
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Miguel de Cervantes
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wrote Don Quixote: presents the dual nature of the Spanish character in the novel's 2 main characters
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Marie Antoinette
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the french hated her and referenced to her as that austrian bitch, however the people had a lot of reasons to hate her because she was obnoxious, the diamond necklace affair, and her creation of hameau
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Frankfurt Assembly
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meeting at the seat of the Germanic Confederation; governments allowed elections by universal male suffrage for deputies to an all-German parliament; attempted to prepare a constitution for a new united Germany.
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Edict of Nantes
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Louis XIV revoked ____ in 1685 which brought an end to toleration towards protestants
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The Dutch Revolt
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Philip sent Duke Of ALba to impose Catholicism to Netherlands. Protestants revolt and have strongholds in Holland and Zeeland...fighting persists until Spain grants Dutch their independence.
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Philip IV
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taxed clergy to pay for a war; after much conflict with the Pope, he called the Estates General to request support
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Louis XIII
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reigned after Henry IV; he was a weak ruler and appointed Cardinal Richelieu to make up for his lack of talent as a monarch
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tennis Court oath
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they then decided to reconvine on the tennis court; and take an oath which said they would not leave until they finished writing a constitution; this is just promising a french revolution because they are swearing allegiance to something that is separated from the government; and they are basically declaring that there is going to be a revolution
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The ````````were a series of bloody dynastic civil wars between supporters of the rival houses of Lancaster and York, for the throne of England.
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Wars of the Roses
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Fredrick William IV
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Prussian king who was forced to sign a constitution for Prussia, but later dissolved assembly and wrote own constitution giving him absolute power. Asked to be king of newly unified German states, but refused because the request came "from the gutter."
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Battle at Stamford Bridge
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took place at the village of Stamford Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire in England on 25 September 1066, between an English army under King Harold Godwinson and an invading Norwegian force led by King Harald Hardrada of Norway and the English king's brother Tostig Godwinson.
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The term "Babylonian Captivity" refers to
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when the papacy was located in Avignon
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weakened moral restraints, and focused more on man's abilities
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What are 2 negative consequences of the Renaissance?
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Eliminated the threats to the nazi party
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there were mainly two sources of danger to Hitler's nazi party: 1. the german army was still responsibile to the president hindenburg, 2. the SA was also growing bigger and more unpredictable, they were also loyal to their leader Ernst Rohm
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what was the nature of the roman republic, considering the nature of rome's conquests to create an empire?
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conquers all of italy...wanted to conquer as much as they could
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which of the following was not a characteristic of the typical Greek polis
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each polis had a population of between 90,000 and 100,000
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